The Effects of Incidental Teaching on Teaching Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders to Demand Their Lost Objects Verbally

Year 2015, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 361 - 383, 17.01.2016

Meram Mısır Horasan Binyamin Birkan

Abstract

The general purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of incidental teaching on teaching three children with autism spectrum disorders to demand their lost objects verbally. These objects are lost during academic, art and leisure activities. This study also was to determine the effectiveness of incidental teaching on generalization and maintenance of verbal demanding skills. The participants were three boys with autism, between 4-6 years of ages, who were attending to a special education school during weekdays. A multiple probe design across subjects was used to determine the effects of independent variable on dependent variable on at least one subject and replicated same process on two different subjects. Maintenance was assessed with three probe sessions after the intervention sessions. This study, which tests the efficiency of incidental teaching on teaching children with autism spectrum disorders how to demand their lost objects verbally, consists of baseline, collective examination sessions, follow up sessions and generalization sessions. Data collected in the study were analyzed by graphical analysis technique. The result of the study shows that incidental teaching method is effective on teaching verbal demanding skills to children with autism spectrum disorders for finding their lost objects. However, one of the subjects was not able to reach the aimed level at this skill whereas the other subject was able to generalize the learned skills on different areas, materials and people.

Keywords

Autism Spectrum Disorders, Incidental Teaching; Applied Behavior Analysis; verbally demanding skills; Otizm spektrum bozukluğu; konuşma; fırsat öğretimi; uygulamalı davranış analizi; iletişim becerileri

References

• Amerikan Psikiyatri Birliği (2015). Mental Bozuklukların Tanısal ve Sayımsal Elkitabı, Beşinci Baskı (DSM-V), Amerikan Psikiyatri Birliği, Washington DC, 2013’ten çeviren Köroğlu E, Hekimler Yayın Birliği, Ankara.
• Baer, D.M., Wolf, M.M., & Risley, T.R. (1968). Some Current Dimensions of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1, 91-97.
• Baer, D.M., Wolf, M.M., & Risley, T.R. (1987). Some Still-Current Dimensions of Applied Behavior Analysis. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis. 20, 313-27
• Birkan, B. (2011). Otizmli çocuklara konuşma becerilerinin öğretimi: Replikli öğretimi, Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Özel Eğitim Dergisi, 12(1), 57-69.
• Birkan, B. (2009). Genel Eğitim Okullarında Özel Gereksinimli Olan Öğrenciler ve Özel Eğitim. Editör: Akçamete, G. A., Ankara: Kök Yayıncılık.
• Charlop-Christy, H.M. ve Carpenter, H.M. (2000). Modified Incidental Teaching Sessions: A Procedures For Parents To Increase Spontaneous Speech In Their Children With Autism. Journal of Positive Behavior Internettions, 2, 2, 98-112.
• Cowan, J. R ve Allen, D. K. (2007). Using Naturalistic Procedures To Enahance Learning In Individuals With Autism: A Focus On Generalized Teaching Within The School Setting. Psychology In The Schools, 44, (7).
• Darıca, N., Abidoğlu, Ü., ve Gümüşçü, Ş. (2000). Otizm ve Otistik Çocuklar.
• Farmer-Dougan, V. (1994). Increasing Requests By Adults With Developmental Disabilities Using Incidental Teaching By Peers. Journal Of Applied Behavior Analysis, 27(3), 533-544.
• Hall, L.J., (2002). Autism Spectrum Disorders, Pearson.
• Hart, B., ve Risley, T. R. (1968). Establishing use of descriptive adjectives in the spontaneous speech of disadvantaged preschool children. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1, 109-120.
• Kroegel, K. A. ve Nelson, W. M. (2006). A Language Programme to İncrease the Verbal Production of a Chıld Dually Dıagnosed With Down Syndrome and Autism. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 50, 101- 108.
• McGee, G., Krantz , P.J. , LYNN, A., McClahannahan, L.E. (1986). An Extension Of Incidental Teaching Procedures To Reading Instruction For Autistic Children. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis. Sayi.19. No.2. 147-157.
• McGee, G., Krantz, P.J ve McClannahan, L.E. (1985). The Facilitative Effects Of Incidental Teaching On Preposition Use By Autistic Children. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis. Sayı.15. No.1. 17-31.
• McGee, G., ve Daly, T. (2007). Incidental Teaching of Age-Appropriate Social Phrases to Children With Autism. Research & Practice for Persons with Severe Disabilities, 12 (2), 112-123. Emory Üniversitesi.
• McGee, G.G., Krantz, P.J., Mason, D. ve McClannahan, L.E. (1983). A modified incidental-teaching procedure for autistic youth: acquisition and generalization of receptive object labels. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 16 (.3), 329-338.
• Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı, Özel Eğitim Rehberlik ve Danışma Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü. (2002). "Otistik Çocukların Eğitiminde Aile El Kitabı", Milli Eğitim Basımevi, Ankara.
• Mirenda, D., Light, J.C., & Schlosser, R.W. (1998). Thelmpact Of Agumentative and Alternative Communication Intervention On The Speech Production of Individuals With Autism. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions., 53 (3).
• National Research Council (2001). Educating Children with Autism. Washington DC: National Academy Press.
• National Autism Center (2015). Findings and Conclusions: National Standards Phase 2. Randolph, MA: Author.
• Oswald, Lowell K., Lignugaris, Benjamin W. ( 1990). The Effects of Incidental Teaching on The Generalized Use of Socials Amenities at School by A Mildly Handicapped Adolescent . Education & Treatment of Children,13(2).
• Schepis, M.M., Reid, H.D., Fitzgerald, R. J., Faw, D. G., Pol, D.V.A. ve Welty, A.P.(1982). A Programme For Increasing Manual Signing By Autistic And Profoundly Retarded Youth Within The Daily Environment. Journal Of Applied Behavior Analysis, 15 (3), 363-379.
• Siegel, B. (1996). The Word of the Autistic Child: Understanding and Treating Autistic Spectrum Disorders. Oxford UP. Evans Road.
• Turan, A., (2003). Sevgi Dili Konuşan Çocuklar, İstanbul: Sistem Yayıncılık.
• Topbaş, S. ( 2005). Dil ve Kavram Gelişimi. Ankara: Kök Yayıncılık.