Serbest Atış Başarısında Postural Salınımın Rolü: Basketbol Oyuncuları Üzerine Bir Analiz

Abstract

Serbest atış, basketbolda hassas koordinasyon ve denge gerektiren temel bir beceridir. Atış doğruluğunu etkileyen teknik ve kinematik faktörler kapsamlı bir şekilde incelenmiş olmasına rağmen, postural salınımın serbest atış başarısına olası katkısı belirsizliğini korumaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, başarılı ve başarısız serbest atışlar arasındaki postural salınımı karşılaştırmak ve başarılı ile başarısız atışlar sırasında cinsiyetler arasındaki postural salınım farklılıklarını belirlemektir. Çalışmaya 60 yetişkin basketbolcu (30 kadın, 30 erkek; yaş=21.2±1.9 yıl) katılmıştır. Postüral salınım, GYKO ataletsel sensör sistemi kullanılarak her sporcu için beş başarılı ve beş başarısız serbest atış denemesi sırasında değerlendirilmiştir. Salınım parametreleri; toplam, medio-lateral ve antero-posterior yönlerde elips alanı, uzunluk, ortalama mesafe ve hız değişkenlerini içermektedir. Atış sonucu (başarılı vs. başarısız) iç denek faktörü ve cinsiyet (kadın vs. erkek) dış denek faktörü olarak kullanılarak iki yönlü tekrarlı ölçümler ANOVA testi uygulanmıştır. Postural salınım parametrelerinin hiçbirinde başarılı ve başarısız serbest atışlar arasında anlamlı bir fark bulunmamıştır. Ancak erkek sporcular, kadın sporculara kıyasla elips alanında (F=5.043, p=.029, ηp²=.080), ortalama mesafede (F=18.15, p<.001, ηp²=.238), medio-lateral ortalama mesafede (F=4.21, p=.045, ηp²=.068) ve antero-posterior ortalama mesafede (F=30.51, p<.001, ηp²=.345) anlamlı olarak daha yüksek değerler göstermiştir. Hiçbir parametrede cinsiyet × atış sonucu etkileşimi gözlenmemiştir. Bu bulgular, postural salınımın cinsiyetler arasında farklılık gösterdiğini, ancak yetişkin basketbolcularda başarılı ve başarısız serbest atışları ayırt etmediğini göstermektedir. Dolayısıyla, postural stabilitenin serbest atış başarısında belirleyici bir faktör olmayabileceği düşünülmektedir.

Keywords

• Basketbol
• Serbest atış
• Şut doğruluğu
• Postural stabilite
• Postural salınım

The Role of Postural Sway in Free Throw Success: An Analysis in Basketball Players

Abstract

Free throw shooting is a fundamental skill in basketball that requires precise coordination and balance. Although technical and kinematic factors influencing shooting accuracy have been extensively studied, the potential contribution of postural sway to free throw success remains unclear. The aim of this study is to compare postural sway between successful and unsuccessful free throw shots (b) and to determine the difference between genders in postural sway during successful and unsuccessful shots. Sixty adult basketball players (30 female, 30 male; age=21.2±1.9 years) participated in this study. Postural sway was assessed during five successful and five unsuccessful free throw attempts using the GYKO inertial sensor system. Sway parameters included ellipse area, length, mean distance, and velocity in the total, medio-lateral, and antero-posterior directions. A two-way repeated measures ANOVA was used with shot outcome (successful vs. unsuccessful) as the within-subject factor and gender (female vs. male) as the between-subject factor. No significant differences were found between successful and unsuccessful free throws in any postural sway parameters. However, male players demonstrated significantly greater values than female players in ellipse area (F=5.043, p=.029, ηp2=.080), mean distance (F=18.15, p<.001, ηp2=.238), medio-lateral mean distance (F=4.21, p=.045, ηp2=.068), and antero-posterior mean distance (F=30.51, p<.001, ηp2=.345). No gender × shot outcome interaction was observed for any parameter. These findings suggest that while postural sway differs between genders, it does not distinguish successful from unsuccessful free throw attempts in adult basketball players. Postural stability may therefore not be a decisive factor in free throw success.

Keywords

• Basketball
• Free throw
• Shooting accuracy
• Postural stability
• Postural sway

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