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ANAYASALAR, SİYASİ KÜLTÜR VE “HAIDA GWAII’NİN RUHU”

Year 2018, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 373 - 390, 29.12.2018
https://doi.org/10.21492/inuhfd.473383

Abstract

Siyasi
kültür ve anayasalar arasındaki ilişki, uzun süredir tartışma konusudur.
Özellikle derinden bölünmüş toplumlarda söz konusu ilişki daha çok önem arz
etmektedir. Siyasi kültürün anayasalar ile ilişkisinde ve buna bağlı olarak
anayasal değişimlerde, diğer toplumsal koşuların da etkili olduğu göz ardı
edilmeden; bir toplumun siyasi kültürünün, o toplumun anayasasına yansımasının
ne ölçüde önemli olduğu, çalışmanın ana sorunsalını oluşturmaktadır. Bu
çerçevede, sanat tarihinin önemli yapıtları arasında kabul edilen Haida Gwaii’nin Ruhu isimli heykelin
bize anlattıklarından yola çıkılarak, etno-kültürel yapısı çeşitli ve değişken
olan toplumlarda yaşanan çatışmalara değinilecek ve anayasal değerler üzerinde
yaşanan bu çatışmaların anayasalar aracılığıyla nasıl çözümlenebileceği
incelenecektir. Bunun için öncelikle siyasi kültür kavramı üzerinde durulacak;
ardından, anayasalar ile siyasi kültür arasındaki ilişki, anayasalarda
etno-kültürel kimliklerin tanınması temelinde incelenecektir. Buna ilişkin
öğretide ileri sürülen iki temel öneri üzerinde durularak; her iki önerinin de
savundukları yaklaşım ve taşıdığı riskler kısaca incelenecektir. Sonuç olarak,
anayasacılık penceresinden bakıldığında, özellikle etno-kültürel tanınma
taleplerinin anayasalar ile karşılanabilmesinin mümkün olup olmadığı
tartışılacaktır.

References

  • ACKERMAN, Bruce: “The Living Constitution”, Harvard Law Review, 120, 2007.
  • ALMOND, Gabriel A. / VERBA, Sidney: The Civic Culture: Political Attitudes and Democracy In Five Nations, Sage Publications, California 1989 (ilk baskı, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1963).
  • ARISTOTELES: Politics (çev. Ernest Barker), Oxford University Press, Oxford 1995.
  • AKZIN, Benjamin: “The Place of The Constitution In The Modern State”, Israel Law Review, 2 (1), 1967.
  • BARZILAI, Gad: Communities and Law: Politics and Cultures of Legal Identities, University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor 2003.
  • BELLAMY, Richard: “Dealing With Differences: Four Models of Pluralistic Politics”, Parliamentary Affairs, 53 (1), 2000.
  • CHOUDHRY, Sujit: “Constitutionalism In Divided Societies” (Editor’s Note), International Journal of Constitutional Law, 5 (4), 2007.
  • CHOUDHRY, Sujit: “Bridging Comparative Politics and Comparative Constitutional Law: Constitutional Design In Divided Societies”, Constitutional Design For Divided Societies: Integration or Accommodation? içinde, Choudhry, Sujit (ed.), Oxford University Press, Oxford 2008.
  • DUCHACEK, Ivo D.: “National Constitutions”, Comparative Politics, 1, 1968.
  • DUCHACEK, Ivo. D.: “Constitution/Constitutionalism”, The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Political Institutions içinde, Bogdanor, Vernon (ed.), Blackwell, 1987.
  • DUCHACEK, Ivo D.: “Constitution/Constitutionalism”, The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Political Science içinde, Bogdanor, Vernon (ed.), Macmillan, Londra 1991.
  • DUVERGER, Maurice: Siyaset Sosyolojisi (çev. Ş. Tekeli), Varlık Yayınları, İstanbul 1982.
  • ELKINS, Zachary / GINSBURG, Tom / MELTON, James: The Endurance of National Constitutions, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2009.
  • HEYWOOD, Andrew: Politics, 2. Bası, Palgrave Foundations, New York 2002.
  • FRANKLIN, Daniel P. / BAUN, Michael J. (ed.): Political Culture and Constitutionalism: A Comparative Approach, M. E. Sharpe, Inc., New York 1995.
  • GÖNENÇ, Levent: “Siyasi İktidar Kavramı Bağlamında Anayasa Çalışmaları İçin Bir Kavramsal Çerçeve Önerisi”, Ankara Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 56 (1), 2007.
  • GÖNENÇ, Levent: “Anayasal Değişim”, Ankara Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 62 (4), 2013.
  • GÖZTEPE, Ece: “Yurttaşlığın Kamusal ve Ulusüstü Boyutu: Avrupa Yurttaşlığı ve ‘Göçmen Forumu’ Örnekleri”, Ankara Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 52 (4), 2003.
  • HABERMAS, Jürgen: "Citizenship and National Identity," Between Facts and Norms: Contributions To A Discourse Theory of Law and Democracy içinde, Habermas, Jürgen (ed.), MIT Press, Cambridge 1996.
  • KONTACI, A. Ersoy: Kırılgan Demokrasilerde Siyasal Örgütlenme Özgürlüğü (2016), Savaş Yayınevi, Ankara 2016.
  • KONTACI, Ersoy: Bahçeşehir Toplantıları Üzerine Notlar-II (Aşamalı Anayasa Yapımı), 8 Aralık 2011, http://www.yasayananayasa.ankara.edu.tr/?x=cat:17, (Erişim Tarihi: 10.10.2018).
  • LERNER, Hanna: “Constitution-Writing In Deeply Divided Societies: The Incrementalist Approach”, Nations and Nationalism, 16 (1), 2010.
  • LIPSON, Leslie: Politika Biliminin Temel Sorunları (çev. Tuncer Karamustafaoğlu), AÜHF Yayınları, Ankara 1978.
  • MOORE, Wayne D.: “Constitutional Citizenship”, Constitutional Politics içinde, Barber, Sotirios A. / George, Robert P. (ed.), Princeton University Press, Princeton 2001.
  • MULLER, Jan-Werner, Constitutional Patriotism, Princeton University Press, Princeton 2007.
  • MULLER, Jan-Werner, “On the Origins of Constitutional Patriotism”, Contemporary Political Theory, 5, 2006.
  • MULLER, Jan-Werner, "A General Theory of Constitutional Patriotism", International Journal of Constitutional Law, 6 (1), 2008.
  • OLICK, Jeffrey / OMELTCHENKO, Tatiana: “Political Culture”, International Encylopedia of The Social Sciences içinde, Darity, William A. (ed.), 2. Bası, MacMillan Library Reference, Michigan 2008.
  • ÖZBUDUN, Ergun: Çağdaş Türk Politikası, Demokratik Pekişmenin Önündeki Engeller (çev. Ali Resul Usul), Doğan Kitap, İstanbul 2003.
  • PATRICK, Glenda M.: “Political Culture”, Social Science Concepts: A Systematic Analysis içinde, Sartori, Giovanni (ed.), Sage Publications, Beverly Hills 1984.
  • PITKIN, Hanna Fenichel: “The Idea of A Constitution”, Journal of Legal Education, 37 (2), 1987.
  • PRZEWORSKI, Adam: Democracy and The Market: Political and Economic Reforms In Eastern Europe and Latin America, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1991.
  • PYE, Lucian W.: “Political Culture” (1968), International Social Encylopedia of The Social Sciences içinde, Sills, David L. (ed.), 12, The Macmillan, New York 1968.
  • PYE, Lucian: “Political Culture” (1995), The Encyclopedia of Democracy içinde, Lipset, Seymour Martin (ed.), Congressional Quarterly, 3, 1995.
  • TULLY, James: Strange Multiplicity: Constitutionalism In An Age of Diversity, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1995.
  • VERBA, Sidney: “Comparative Political Culture,” Political Culture and Political Development içinde, Pye, Lucian W. / Verba, Sidney (ed.), Princeton University Press, Princeton 1965.
  • VORLANDER, Hans: “What is Constitutional Culture?” Constitutional Cultures: On The Concept and Representation of Constitutions In The Atlantic World içinde, Hensel, Silke / Bock, Ulrike / Dircksen, Katrin / Thamer, Hans-Ulrich (ed.), Cambridge Scholars, Newcastle 2012.
  • WEBER, Max: “The Nature of Social Action”, Weber: Selections in Translation içinde, Runciman, W. G. (ed.), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1978.
  • WELCH, Stephen: The Theory of Political Culture, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2013.
  • WHEARE, Kenneth C.: Modern Constitutions, Oxford University Press, 2. Bası, Oxford 1966.
  • WILSON, Richard W.: “The Many Voices of Political Culture: Assessing Different Approaches”, World Politics, 52 (2), 2000.
  • WOLIN, Sheldon S.: The Presence of The Past: Essays On The State and The Constitution, Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore 1989.

CONSTITUTIONS, POLITICAL CULTURE AND “THE SPIRIT OF HAIDA GWAII”

Year 2018, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 373 - 390, 29.12.2018
https://doi.org/10.21492/inuhfd.473383

Abstract

The relationship between political culture and
constitutions has been a subject of debate for a long time. Especially in
deeply divided societies this relationship is more important. With
consideration of other social conditions, within the framework of the
relationship of political culture with constitutions and accordingly with
constitutional changes; the main problematic of the study is the extent to
which the political culture of a society is reflected in its constitution. In
this context, based on the story of The
Spirit of Haida Gwaii
sculpture which is accepted as one of the important
works of art history, I will discuss the conflicts in societies with various
and variable ethno-cultural structures and will examine how these conflicts on
constitutional values can be resolved through constitutions. Therefore,
firstly, the concept of political culture will be emphasized; then, the
relationship between the constitutions and political culture will be examined
on the basis of the recognition of ethno-cultural identities in constitutions.
With the emphasis on two proposals put forward in the doctrine, the approach
and the risks of them will be briefly examined. As a result, it will be
discussed whether it is possible to meet the demands of ethno-cultural
recognition through constitutions.

References

  • ACKERMAN, Bruce: “The Living Constitution”, Harvard Law Review, 120, 2007.
  • ALMOND, Gabriel A. / VERBA, Sidney: The Civic Culture: Political Attitudes and Democracy In Five Nations, Sage Publications, California 1989 (ilk baskı, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1963).
  • ARISTOTELES: Politics (çev. Ernest Barker), Oxford University Press, Oxford 1995.
  • AKZIN, Benjamin: “The Place of The Constitution In The Modern State”, Israel Law Review, 2 (1), 1967.
  • BARZILAI, Gad: Communities and Law: Politics and Cultures of Legal Identities, University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor 2003.
  • BELLAMY, Richard: “Dealing With Differences: Four Models of Pluralistic Politics”, Parliamentary Affairs, 53 (1), 2000.
  • CHOUDHRY, Sujit: “Constitutionalism In Divided Societies” (Editor’s Note), International Journal of Constitutional Law, 5 (4), 2007.
  • CHOUDHRY, Sujit: “Bridging Comparative Politics and Comparative Constitutional Law: Constitutional Design In Divided Societies”, Constitutional Design For Divided Societies: Integration or Accommodation? içinde, Choudhry, Sujit (ed.), Oxford University Press, Oxford 2008.
  • DUCHACEK, Ivo D.: “National Constitutions”, Comparative Politics, 1, 1968.
  • DUCHACEK, Ivo. D.: “Constitution/Constitutionalism”, The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Political Institutions içinde, Bogdanor, Vernon (ed.), Blackwell, 1987.
  • DUCHACEK, Ivo D.: “Constitution/Constitutionalism”, The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Political Science içinde, Bogdanor, Vernon (ed.), Macmillan, Londra 1991.
  • DUVERGER, Maurice: Siyaset Sosyolojisi (çev. Ş. Tekeli), Varlık Yayınları, İstanbul 1982.
  • ELKINS, Zachary / GINSBURG, Tom / MELTON, James: The Endurance of National Constitutions, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2009.
  • HEYWOOD, Andrew: Politics, 2. Bası, Palgrave Foundations, New York 2002.
  • FRANKLIN, Daniel P. / BAUN, Michael J. (ed.): Political Culture and Constitutionalism: A Comparative Approach, M. E. Sharpe, Inc., New York 1995.
  • GÖNENÇ, Levent: “Siyasi İktidar Kavramı Bağlamında Anayasa Çalışmaları İçin Bir Kavramsal Çerçeve Önerisi”, Ankara Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 56 (1), 2007.
  • GÖNENÇ, Levent: “Anayasal Değişim”, Ankara Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 62 (4), 2013.
  • GÖZTEPE, Ece: “Yurttaşlığın Kamusal ve Ulusüstü Boyutu: Avrupa Yurttaşlığı ve ‘Göçmen Forumu’ Örnekleri”, Ankara Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 52 (4), 2003.
  • HABERMAS, Jürgen: "Citizenship and National Identity," Between Facts and Norms: Contributions To A Discourse Theory of Law and Democracy içinde, Habermas, Jürgen (ed.), MIT Press, Cambridge 1996.
  • KONTACI, A. Ersoy: Kırılgan Demokrasilerde Siyasal Örgütlenme Özgürlüğü (2016), Savaş Yayınevi, Ankara 2016.
  • KONTACI, Ersoy: Bahçeşehir Toplantıları Üzerine Notlar-II (Aşamalı Anayasa Yapımı), 8 Aralık 2011, http://www.yasayananayasa.ankara.edu.tr/?x=cat:17, (Erişim Tarihi: 10.10.2018).
  • LERNER, Hanna: “Constitution-Writing In Deeply Divided Societies: The Incrementalist Approach”, Nations and Nationalism, 16 (1), 2010.
  • LIPSON, Leslie: Politika Biliminin Temel Sorunları (çev. Tuncer Karamustafaoğlu), AÜHF Yayınları, Ankara 1978.
  • MOORE, Wayne D.: “Constitutional Citizenship”, Constitutional Politics içinde, Barber, Sotirios A. / George, Robert P. (ed.), Princeton University Press, Princeton 2001.
  • MULLER, Jan-Werner, Constitutional Patriotism, Princeton University Press, Princeton 2007.
  • MULLER, Jan-Werner, “On the Origins of Constitutional Patriotism”, Contemporary Political Theory, 5, 2006.
  • MULLER, Jan-Werner, "A General Theory of Constitutional Patriotism", International Journal of Constitutional Law, 6 (1), 2008.
  • OLICK, Jeffrey / OMELTCHENKO, Tatiana: “Political Culture”, International Encylopedia of The Social Sciences içinde, Darity, William A. (ed.), 2. Bası, MacMillan Library Reference, Michigan 2008.
  • ÖZBUDUN, Ergun: Çağdaş Türk Politikası, Demokratik Pekişmenin Önündeki Engeller (çev. Ali Resul Usul), Doğan Kitap, İstanbul 2003.
  • PATRICK, Glenda M.: “Political Culture”, Social Science Concepts: A Systematic Analysis içinde, Sartori, Giovanni (ed.), Sage Publications, Beverly Hills 1984.
  • PITKIN, Hanna Fenichel: “The Idea of A Constitution”, Journal of Legal Education, 37 (2), 1987.
  • PRZEWORSKI, Adam: Democracy and The Market: Political and Economic Reforms In Eastern Europe and Latin America, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1991.
  • PYE, Lucian W.: “Political Culture” (1968), International Social Encylopedia of The Social Sciences içinde, Sills, David L. (ed.), 12, The Macmillan, New York 1968.
  • PYE, Lucian: “Political Culture” (1995), The Encyclopedia of Democracy içinde, Lipset, Seymour Martin (ed.), Congressional Quarterly, 3, 1995.
  • TULLY, James: Strange Multiplicity: Constitutionalism In An Age of Diversity, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1995.
  • VERBA, Sidney: “Comparative Political Culture,” Political Culture and Political Development içinde, Pye, Lucian W. / Verba, Sidney (ed.), Princeton University Press, Princeton 1965.
  • VORLANDER, Hans: “What is Constitutional Culture?” Constitutional Cultures: On The Concept and Representation of Constitutions In The Atlantic World içinde, Hensel, Silke / Bock, Ulrike / Dircksen, Katrin / Thamer, Hans-Ulrich (ed.), Cambridge Scholars, Newcastle 2012.
  • WEBER, Max: “The Nature of Social Action”, Weber: Selections in Translation içinde, Runciman, W. G. (ed.), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1978.
  • WELCH, Stephen: The Theory of Political Culture, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2013.
  • WHEARE, Kenneth C.: Modern Constitutions, Oxford University Press, 2. Bası, Oxford 1966.
  • WILSON, Richard W.: “The Many Voices of Political Culture: Assessing Different Approaches”, World Politics, 52 (2), 2000.
  • WOLIN, Sheldon S.: The Presence of The Past: Essays On The State and The Constitution, Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore 1989.
There are 42 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Law in Context
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Deniz Polat Akgün 0000-0001-8085-2032

Publication Date December 29, 2018
Submission Date October 22, 2018
Acceptance Date November 16, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 9 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Polat Akgün, D. (2018). ANAYASALAR, SİYASİ KÜLTÜR VE “HAIDA GWAII’NİN RUHU”. İnönü Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 9(2), 373-390. https://doi.org/10.21492/inuhfd.473383
AMA Polat Akgün D.ANAYASALAR, SİYASİ KÜLTÜR VE “HAIDA GWAII’NİN RUHU.” InULR. December 2018;9(2):373-390. doi:10.21492/inuhfd.473383
Chicago Polat Akgün, Deniz. “ANAYASALAR, SİYASİ KÜLTÜR VE ‘HAIDA GWAII’NİN RUHU’”. İnönü Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 9, no. 2 (December 2018): 373-90. https://doi.org/10.21492/inuhfd.473383.
EndNote Polat Akgün D (December 1, 2018) ANAYASALAR, SİYASİ KÜLTÜR VE “HAIDA GWAII’NİN RUHU”. İnönü Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 9 2 373–390.
IEEE D. Polat Akgün, “ANAYASALAR, SİYASİ KÜLTÜR VE ‘HAIDA GWAII’NİN RUHU’”, InULR, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 373–390, 2018, doi: 10.21492/inuhfd.473383.
ISNAD Polat Akgün, Deniz. “ANAYASALAR, SİYASİ KÜLTÜR VE ‘HAIDA GWAII’NİN RUHU’”. İnönü Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 9/2 (December 2018), 373-390. https://doi.org/10.21492/inuhfd.473383.
JAMA Polat Akgün D. ANAYASALAR, SİYASİ KÜLTÜR VE “HAIDA GWAII’NİN RUHU”. InULR. 2018;9:373–390.
MLA Polat Akgün, Deniz. “ANAYASALAR, SİYASİ KÜLTÜR VE ‘HAIDA GWAII’NİN RUHU’”. İnönü Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 9, no. 2, 2018, pp. 373-90, doi:10.21492/inuhfd.473383.
Vancouver Polat Akgün D. ANAYASALAR, SİYASİ KÜLTÜR VE “HAIDA GWAII’NİN RUHU”. InULR. 2018;9(2):373-90.