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İran’da Kürtler ve Kürt Milliyetçiliği

Year 2021, , 543 - 571, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.33201/iranian.972497

Abstract

İran’daki Kürt milliyetçiliği geçmişteki parlak günlerine kıyasla günümüzde oldukça sönük durumdadır. Bu durum büyük ölçüde İran devletinin gücünden ve İran’ın bölgesel Kürt örgütleri ile kurduğu ilişkilerden kaynaklanmaktadır. İran, Irak Kürdistan Demokratik Partisi (KDP) ve Kürdistan Yurtseverler Birliği (KYB) ve Terör Örgütü PKK ile kurduğu ilişkilerle bu örgütlerin İran Kürtlerine destek vermesine engel olmakta ya da bu örgütleri kendi Kürtlerine karşı kullanmaktadır. Diğer taraftan İran Kürtleri arasındaki dinsel ve dilsel farklılıklar ile İran Kürtlerinin nüfus yapısı Kürt milliyetçiliği için önemli birer handikap durumundadır. Kürt kimliğine sahiplenme, dinsel ve dilsel değişkenlerle ilişkili olup Kürt hareketine en yüksek katılım Sünni Kürt bölgelerinde gözlenmektedir. Sünnilik ve Kürtlüğün örtüşmesi Sünni Kürtlerde Kürt kimliğini güçlendirirken; Şiilik Şii Kürtler arasındaki Kürt kimliğini zayıflatmakta ve Kürt hareketine katılımı engellemektedir. Kürt örgütlerine katılım Şii Kürtler arasında marjinal düzeyde kalmaktadır. İran sistemine entegre olma düzeyi oldukça yüksek olan Şii Kürtlerin Kürt partilerinden uzak durması ile Kürt örgütleri bir tür Sünni örgüt durumuna gelmektedir. Ayrıca, İran Kürtlerinde doğal nüfus artış oranının düşük olmasının Kürt hareketi için önemli bir handikap olduğu açıktır. İran Kürtlerinin yoğun olarak yaşadığı bölgelerin çok büyük bir kısmında doğurganlık oranı yenileme oranının dahi altındadır. İran Kürtlerinde doğurganlık ve doğal nüfus artış oranının düşük olmasının uzun vadede İran’da Kürt hareketini zayıflatacağı değerlendirilmektedir. Öte taraftan doğal nüfus artış oranı yüksek olan bölgelerden silahlı militan gruplara katılımın daha yüksek olduğu da görülmektedir.

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Kurds and Kurdish Nationalism in Iran

Year 2021, , 543 - 571, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.33201/iranian.972497

Abstract

Kurdish nationalism in Iran is quite weak currently compared to the bright days in the last century, largely due to strength of the Iran, as well as Iran's relations with regional Kurdish organizations. Iran, through its relations with the Iraqi Kurdistan Democratic Party, the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan and the PKK, prevents these organizations from supporting the Iranian Kurds or manipulates these organizations against its own Kurds. Linguistic and sectarian diversity and the population structure of the Iranian Kurds foster the weakness of Kurdish nationalism. While overlapping Sunnism and Kurdishness strengthens Kurdish identity in Iran, Shiism weaken Kurdish identity among Shiite Kurds and prevents them from participating Kurdish movement. Indeed, the support of Sunni Kurds for Kurdish nationalistic organizations is far stronger than Shiite Kurds. Shiite Kurds, who have a high level of integration into the Iranian system, stay away from Kurdish parties and participation in Kurdish organizations remains marginal among Shiite Kurds. This phenomenon makes Kurdish organizations largely Sunni organizations. In addition, low population growth rate of the Iranian Kurds is another weakness of the Kurdish movement. Most of Kurdish majority areas suffers from low fertility rate which is even below the replacement rate. Low natural population growth rate in Iranian Kurds will weaken the Kurdish movement in Iran in the long term. On the other hand, the natural population growth rate is still high in some regions in which armed militant groups recruit young Kurds in high number.

References

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Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects International Relations
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Rasim Bozbuga 0000-0002-9437-9378

Publication Date December 31, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021

Cite

APA Bozbuga, R. (2021). İran’da Kürtler ve Kürt Milliyetçiliği. İran Çalışmaları Dergisi, 5(2), 543-571. https://doi.org/10.33201/iranian.972497

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İran Çalışmaları Dergisi bilginin yayılması ve zenginleşmesi için Açık Erişim Politikasına uymaktadır.