ETKİLEME TAKTİKLERİNİN İŞ PERFORMANSI VE İŞ STRESİ ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ: KİMYA SEKTÖRÜNDE BİR ARAŞTIRMA

Year 2020, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 176 - 200, 30.12.2020

Yılmazcan Yurttaş Serhat Erat Esra Alnıaçık

https://doi.org/10.18825/iremjournal.825930

Cited By: 5

Abstract

Başarılı bir yönetimin en önemli göstergelerinden biri, yöneticinin birlikte çalıştığı insanları etkilemede ve hedeflere bağlılıklarını sağlamadaki başarısıdır. Yöneticilerin etkileme davranışları, diğer konuların yanında, çalışanların iş yerinde yaşadığı stres ve çalışma performansını da çeşitli şekillerde etkileyebilmektedir. Bu araştırmada, yöneticiler tarafından sıkça kullanılan beş farklı etkileme taktiğinin çalışanların iş performansı ve iş stresi üzerindeki etkileri incelenmiştir. Araştırma verileri, Türkiye’de kimya sektöründe çalışan 293 beyaz yakalı çalışandan anket yöntemiyle toplanmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda, meşrulaştırma yoluyla etkileme, mantıksal ikna yoluyla etkileme, karşılıklı değişim yoluyla etkileme, koalisyon taktiği yoluyla etkileme ve sokulganlık yoluyla etkileme taktiklerinin çalışanların iş performansını istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı ve pozitif yönde etkilediği belirlenmiştir. Mantıksal ikna yoluyla etkileme taktiğinin iş stresini de negatif yönde etkilediği anlaşılmıştır. Ayrıca iş performansı ile iş stresi arasında negatif yönde ve anlamlı bir ilişkinin varlığı tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen bu bulgular tartışılarak, yöneticilere ve araştırmacılara yönelik çeşitli öneriler sunulmuştur.

Keywords

Etkileme Taktikleri, İş Performansı, İş Stresi, İkna

References

• Akhtar, S., & Mahmood, Z. (2009). A Tri-Prong Variable Analysis Of Influence Strategies. World Applied Sciences Journal, 7(9), 1080-1089.
• Ansari, M. A., & Kapoor, A. (1987). Organizational context and upward influence tactics. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 40(1), 39–49.
• Arnold, H. J., and Feldman. 1986. Organizational Behavior. New York: McGraw Hill.
• Bandula, P., & Jayatilake, L. V. (2016). Impact Of Employee Commitment On Job Performance: Based On Leasıng Companies In Sri Lanka. International Journal of Arts and Commerce, 5(8), 8-22.
• Beehr, T. A., & Newman, J. E. (1978). Job stress, employee health, and organizational effectiveness: A facet analysis, model, and literature review. Personnel Psychology, 31(4), 665–699.
• Bekenova, M. (2015). The Impact Of Merger On The Individual Working Performance Of Employee. International Journal of Management and Applied Science, 1(11), 112-115.
• Bibi, Z., & Karim, J. (2013). Workplace Incivility and Counterproductive Work Behavior: Moderating Role of Emotional Intelligence. Pakistan Journal of Psychological Research, 28(2), 317-334.
• Borman, W.C., & Motowidlo, S. J. (1993). Expanding the criterion domain to include elements of contextual performance. in N.
• Schmitt & W. C. Borman Ws., Personnel selection in organizations. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
• Borman, W. C., & Motowidlo, S. J. (1997). Task performance and contextual performance: The meaning for personnel selection research. Human performance, 10(2), 99-109.
• Cable, D.M. and Judge, T.A. (2003), Managers' upward influence tactic strategies: the role of manager personality and supervisor leadership style. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 24(2): 197-214.
• Campbell, J.P., McCloy, R.A., Oppler, S.H. and Sager,C.E. (1993) A theory of performance. In N.Schmitt and W.C. Borman (eds.), Personnel Selectionin Organizations (pp. 35-70). San Francisco: JosseyBass.
• Chand, P., & Chand, P. K. (2012). Emotional Competencies towards Counterproductive Work Behaviour in Banking Sector. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), 3(12), 459-467.
• Charbonnier-Voirin, A. (2012). Adaptive Performance: A New Scale to Measure Individual Performance in Organizations. Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences / Revue Canadienne des Sciences de l'Administration(29), 280–293.
• Clarke, N., Alshenalfi, N., & Garavan, T. (2019). The effects of subordinates’ use of upward influence tactics on their supervisors’ job performance evaluations in Saudi Arabia: the significance of loyalty. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 1-30.
• Daryoush, Y., Silong, A. D., Omar, Z., & Othman, J. (2013). Improving Job Performance: Workplace Learning is the First Step. International Journal of Education & Literacy Studies, 1(1), 100-107.
• Deluga, R. j. (1991). The Relationship of Subordinate Upward-Influencing Behavior, Health Care Manager Interpersonal Stress, and Performance. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 21(1), 78-88.
• Díaz-Vilela, L. F., Rodríguez, N. D., Isla-Díaz, R., Díaz-Cabrera, D., Hernández-Fernaud, E., & Rosales-Sánchez, C. (2015). Relationships between Contextual and Task Performance and Interrater Agreement: Are There Any? PLoS ONE, 10(10), 1-13.
• Falbe, C. M. and Gary Yukl, 1992. Consequences for Managers of Using Single Influence Tactics and Combinations of Tactics. Academy of Management Journal, 35(3): 638.
• Fernandez, V., Simo, P., Enache, M., & Sallan, J. M. (2012). The Frequency Of The Dyadic Influence Tactics According To Communication Media. Behaviour and Information Technology, 31(6), 577-586.
• Ferris, G. R., & Judge, T. A. (1991). Personnel/Human Resources Management: A political influence perspective. Journal of Management, 17(2), 447–488.
• Ferris, G. R., Judge, T. A., Rowland, K. M., & Fitzgibbons, D. E. (1994). Subordinate Influence and the Performance Evaluation Process: Test of a Model. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 58(1), 101–135.
• Folkman, S., & Lazarus, R.S. (1991). Coping and emotion. In A. Monat & R.S. Lazarus (Eds) Stress and coping: An anthology (3rd ed) (p. 207–227).New York: Columbia University Press.
• Gilboa, S., Shirom, A., Fried, Y., & Cooper, C. (2008). Meta-Analysis Of Work Demand Stressors And Job Performance: Examining Main And Moderating Effects. Personnel Psychology, 61, 227–271.
• Goodman, S. A., & Svyantek, D. J. (1999). Person–organization fit and contextual performance: Do shared values matter. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 55(2), 254–275.
• Griffin, M. A., Neal, A., & Neale, M. (2000). The Contribution of Task Performance and Contextual Performance to Effectiveness: Investigating the Role of Situational Constraints. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 49(3), 517-533.
• Higgins, C. A., Judge, T. A., & Ferris, G. R. (2003). Influence tactics and work outcomes: a meta-analysis. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 24, 89–106.
• House, R. J., & Rizzo, J. R. (1972). Toward the measurement of organizational practices: Scale development and validation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 56(5), 388–396.
• Jamal, M. (1984). Job stress and job performance controversy: An empirical assessment. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 33, 1-21.
• Jamal, M. (2011). Job Stress, Job Performance and Organizational Commitment in a Multinational Company: An Empirical Study in two Countries. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 2(20), 20-29.
• Judge, T. A., & Bretz, R. D. (1994). Political influence behavior and career success. Journal of Management, 20, 43-65.
• Kakkos, N.& Trivellas, P. (2011). Investigating the link between motivation, work stress and job performance. Evidence from the banking industry. 8th International Conference on Enterprise Systems, Accounting and Logistics, 408-428.
• Kazmi, R., Amjad , S., & Khan, D. (2008). Occupational Stress and Its Effect On Job Performance A Case Study Of Medical House Officers of District Abbottabad. Journal of Ayub Medical College Abbottabad, 20(3), 135-139.
• Kennedy, J. C., Fu, P. P., & Yukl, G. (2003). Influence tactics across twelve cultures. Advances in global leadership, 3(1), 127-147.
• Kipnis, D., Schmidt, S. M., & Wilkinson, I. (1980). Intra-organizational influence tactics: Explorations of getting one’s way. Journal of Applied Psychology, 65, 440–452.
• Kipnis, D., & Schmidt, S. M. (1988). Upward-influence styles: Relationship with performance ratings, salary, and stress. Administrative Science Quarterly, 33, 528–542.
• Krone, K. J. (1992). A Comparison of Organizational, Structural, and Relationship Effects on Subordinates’Upward Influence Choices. Communication Quarterly, 40(1), 1–15.
• Kumar, K., & Beyerlein, M. (1991). Construction and validation of an instrument for measuring ingratiatory behaviors in organizational settings. Journal of Applied Psychology, 76(5), 619–627.
• Lee, S., Hn, S., Cheong, M., Kim, S., & Yun, S. (2017). How do I get my way? A meta-analytic review of research on influence tactics. The Leadership Quarterly, 28, 210–228.
• LePine, J. A., Podsakoff, N. P., & LePine, M. A. (2005). A meta-analytic test of the challenge stressorhindrance stressor framework: An explanation for inconsistent relationships among stressors and performance. Academy of Management Journal, 48(5), 764-775.
• Macovei, C. M. (2016). Counterproductıve Behaviors And Work Performance In Military Organization . International Conference Knowledge-Based Organızatıon Vol. XXII No 2. Vol. XXII No 2, pp. 444-450. Sibiu: "Nicolae Balcescu" Land Forces Academy.
• Marques-Quinteiro, P., Vargas, R., Eifler, N., & Curral, L. (2018). Employee adaptive performance and job satisfaction during organizational crisis: the role of self-leadership. European Journal Of Work And Organızatıonal Psychology, 1-16.
• Michela, J. L. (2007). Understanding Employees’ Reactions To Supervisors’ Influence Behaviors A Community Sample Predicting Employee Commitment, Turnover, And Stress. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 15(4), 322-340.
• Montgomery, D.C., Blodgett, J.G. & Barnes, J.H. (1996). A model of financial securities sales persons job stress. The Journal of Services Marketing, 10(3), 21-34.
• Mosadeghrad, A. M. (2014). Occupational Stress And Its Consequences Implications For Health Policy And Management. Leadership in Health Services, 27(3), 224-239.
• Naamia, A., Behzadi, E., Parisa, H., & Charkhabibi, M. (2014). A Study on the Personality Aspects of Adaptive performance Among Governmental Hospitals Nurses: A Conceptual Model. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences(159), 359 – 364.
• Olusegun, A. J., Oluwasayo, A. J., & Olawoyim, O. (2014, October-December). An Overview Of The Effects Of Job Stress On Employees Performance In Nigerıa Tertiary Hospitals. ЕКОНОМИКА (Ekonomica), 60(4), 139-153.
• Plouffea, C. R., Bolanderb, W., & Cotec, J. A. (2014). Which Influence Tactics Lead To Sales Performance? It Is A Matter Of Style. Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management, 34(2), 141–159.
• Porter, L. W., & Lawler, E. E. (1974). The Effect of Performance on Job Satisfaction. In Edwin A. Fleishman (Ed.) In T. Edition (Ed.), Studies in Personal and Industrial Psychology: Illinois.
• Ramawickrama, J., Opatha, H., & PushpaKumari, M. (2017). A Synthesis towards the Construct of Job Performance. International Business Research, 10(10), 66-81.
• Richardson, K. M., & Rothstein, H. R. (2008). Effects of occupational stress management intervention programs: A meta-analysis. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 13(1), 69–93.
• Robertson, I. T., Cooper, C. L., Williams, J., & Williams, J. (1990). The validity of the occupational stress indicator. Work & Stress, 4(1), 29-39.
• Sackett, P.R. and Devore, C.J. (2001) Counterproductive Behaviors at Work. In: Anderson, N., Ones, D., Sinangil, H. and Viswesvaran, C., Eds., Handbook of Industrial, Work, and Organizational Psychology, Sage, London, 145-164.
• Schriesheim, C. A., & Hinkin, T. R. (1990). Influence tactics used by subordinates: A theoretical and empirical analysis and refinement of the Kipnis, Schmidt, and Wilkinson subscales. Journal of Applied Psychology, 75(3), 246–257.
• Shin, L. R., & Hyun, S. S. (2019). Impact of Managerial Influence Tactics on Job Creativity and Performance: A Focus on Korean Airline Service Employees. Sustainability(11), 1-14.
• Shivendra, D., & Kumar, M. M. (2016). A study of job satisfaction and job stress among physical education teachers working in government, semi-government and private schools. International Journal of Sports Sciences & Fitness, 6(1), 89-99.
• Sikuku, C. A., Wamalwa, B., & Katiba, D. (2017). The Influence of Organizational Stress on Performance among Employees: A Case of the Kenya Forestry Research Institute (KEFRI) Headquarters, Muguga and Karura Centres. International Journal of Education and Research, 5(8), 25-36.
• Siu, O. L. (2003). Job stress and job performance among employees in Hong Kong: The role of Chinese work values and organizational commitment. International journal of psychology, 38(6), 337-347.
• Spector, P. E., Fox, S., Penney, L. M., Bruursema, K., Goh, A., & Kessler, S. (2006). The dimensionality of counterproductivity: Are all counterproductive behaviors created equal?. Journal of vocational behavior, 68(3), 446-460.
• Sonnentag, S., Anne, S., & Volmer, J. (2008). Job Performance. In J. e. Barling, The SAGE Handbook of Organizational Behavior: Volume One: Micro Approaches 1st Edition (Vol. 1, pp. 427-447 ). Los Angeles: SAGE Publications Ltd.
• Steizel, S., & Rimbau-Gilabert, E. (2013). Upward Influence Tactics Through Technology-Mediated Communication Tools. Computers in Human Behavior, 29, 462–472.
• Tabiu, A., Pangil, F., & Othman, S. Z. (2016). Examining The Link Between HRM Practices And Employees’ Performance In Nigerian Public Sector. Management Science Letters, 6, 395–408.
• Thacker, R. A. (1995). Gender, Influence Tactics, and Job Characteristics Preferences: New Insights into Salary Determination. Sex Roles, Vol. 32, Nos. 9/10, 1995, 32(9/10), 617-638.
• Thacker, R. A., & Wayne, S. J. (1995). An examination of the relationship between upward influence tactics and assessments of promotability. Journal of Management, 21, 739–756.
• Wayne, S., & Ferris, G. R. (1990). Influence tactics, affect, and exchange quality in supervisor–subordinate interactions: A laboratory experiment and field study. Journal of Applied Psychology, 75, 487–499.
• Wayne, S., Liden, R., Graf, I., & Ferris, G. (1997). The role of upward influence tactics in human resource decisions. Personnel Psychology, 50,979–1006.
• Wu, K., & Li, C. (2011). Role Of Self-Esteem In The Relationship Between Stress And Ingratiation. Psychological Reports, 108(1), 239-251 .
• Wu, Y.-C. (2011). Job Stress And Job Performance Among Employees In The Taiwanese Finance Sector: The Role Of Emotional Intelligence. Social Behavior And Personality,, 39(1), 21-32.
• Van Dyne, L., Jehn, K. A., & Cummings, A. (2002). Differential effects of strain on two forms of work performance: Individual employee sales and creativity. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23(1), 57-74.
• Yukl, G. and C.M. Falbe, (1990). Influence tactics and objectives in upward, downward and lateral influence attempts. Journal of Applied Psychology, 75: 132-140.
• Yukl, G., & Tracey, J. B. (1992). Consequences of influence tactics used with subordinates, peers and the boss. Journal of Applied Psychology,, 77(4), 525-535.
• Yukl, G., Guinan, P. J., & Soitolano, D. (1995). Influence tactics used for different objectives with subordinates, peers, and superiors. Group & Organization Management, 20, 272–296.
• Yukl, G., Chavez, C., & Seifert, C. F. (2005). Assessing the construct validity and utility of two new influence tactics. Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 26(6), 705-725.
• Yukl, G.A. (2013). Leadership in Organizations (8th Edition).