Research Article
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Akademik girişimciliğe akademisyen bakışı: Bir metaforik inceleme

Year 2025, Volume: 24 Issue: Özel Sayı - İnovasyon ve Girişimcilik, 189 - 210, 28.03.2025

Abstract

Bu araştırmada akademisyenlerin akademik girişimciliğe bakış açısı ve algıları metaforlar aracılığıyla belirlenmek istenmiştir. Bu amaçla Türkiye’de görev yapan akademisyenlere akademik girişimcilik algılarını tespit etmek üzere anket formu online kanallar üzerinden gönderilmiş ve toplanan veriler betimsel yaklaşımla ele alınmıştır. Nitel araştırma deseninde kullanılan metafor yöntemi çalışmanın yöntemi olarak seçilmiştir. Veri toplamak için “Akademik girişimcilik…………gibidir. Çünkü………” ifadesinin yer aldığı anket formu kullanılmıştır. 75 anket formu toplanmış, incelenmiş ve betimsel bir yaklaşımla analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmada 75 akademisyenden 69 metafor elde edilmiştir. Bu metaforlar, "Yenilik ve Keşif", "Risk ve Cesaret", "İş Birliği ve Ağ Oluşturma", "Liderlik ve Yönetim", "Ütopya", "Girişim ve Ticaret", "Toplumsal Katkı" ve "Uzun Soluklu Maraton" olmak üzere 8 kategori altında incelenmiştir. Bulgular, akademik girişimciliğin yenilikçilik, liderlik, iş birliği, risk alma, toplumsal fayda sağlama ve uzun vadeli çaba gibi çok boyutlu bir süreç olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Oluşturulan kategoriler, akademisyenlerin akademik girişimciliğe farklı açılardan yaklaştığını ve bu sürecin, bireysel ve toplumsal düzeyde geniş bir etki alanına sahip olduğunu göstermiştir. Akademik girişimcilik kavramının akademisyenler tarafından nasıl algılandığına ilişkin çalışmalar sınırlıdır. Konuyla ilgili ne ulusal ne de uluslararası literatürde metaforik bakış açısıyla üretilen herhangi bir bilimsel çalışmaya rastlanmamıştır. Türkiye’de akademik girişimcilik konusunda akademisyenlerin ilgisi ve bilgi düzeyi üzerine yapılan çalışmalar, bu alana yeterince yönelim göstermediklerini ortaya koymaktadır. Nitekim, bu alanda yapılan araştırmaların sınırlı sayıda olması da bu durumu desteklemektedir. Söz konusu araştırma, bu kapsamda akademik girişimcilik hakkında daha önce yapılan teorik çalışmalara katkı sağlayacak ve akademisyenlerin konuya ilişkin kişisel ve mesleki tutumlarını ortaya koyarak literatüre özgün bir değer katacaktır.

Ethical Statement

Bu araştırmanın anket sorularına Selçuk Üniversitesi Rektörlüğü İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dekanlığı tarafından 07.05.2024 tarihli, E-22752295-050.04-750202 sayılı Etik Onayı verilmiştir. Ayrıca verilerin toplanmasında ve paylaşımında katılımcıların hakları, bilgilerinin gizliliği ve anonimliği gibi etik ilkelere de dikkat edilmiştir.

References

  • Audretsch, D. B. (2014). From the entrepreneurial university to the university for the entrepreneurial society. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 39(3), 313-321.
  • Carlsson, B., & Fridh, A. C. (2002). Technology transfer in United States universities. Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 12(1), 199-232.
  • Clarysse, B., Tartari, V., & Salter, A. (2011). The impact of entrepreneurial capacity, experience and organizational support on academic entrepreneurship. Research Policy, 40(8), 1084-1093.
  • Dalmarco, G., Hulsink, W., & Blois, G. V. (2018). Creating entrepreneurial universities in an emerging economy: Evidence from Brazil. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 135, 99-111.
  • Etzkowitz, H. (1998). The norms of entrepreneurial science: Cognitive effects of the new university–industry linkages. Research Policy, 27(8), 823-833.
  • Etzkowitz, H., & Leydesdorff, L. (2000). The dynamics of innovation: From National Systems and "Mode 2" to a Triple Helix of university–industry–government relations. Research Policy, 29(2), 109-123. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(99)00055-4
  • Gaddefors, J. (2007). Metaphor use in the entrepreneurial process. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research, 13(3), 173-193. https://doi.org/10.1108/13552550710751049
  • Harrison, R. T., & Leitch, C. M. (2005). Entrepreneurial learning: Researching the interface between learning and the entrepreneurial context. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 29(4), 351-371.
  • Huyghe, A., & Knockaert, M. (2015). The influence of organizational culture and climate on entrepreneurial intentions among research scientists. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 40, 138-160.
  • Lakoff, G., & Johnson, M. (1980). Metaphors We Live By, Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press
  • Meyer, M. (2003). Academic entrepreneurs or entrepreneurial academics? Research-based ventures and public support mechanisms. R&D Management, 33(2), 107-115.
  • Moroz, P. W., & Hindle, K. (2012). Entrepreneurship as a process: Toward harmonizing multiple perspectives. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 36(4), 781-818.
  • Mowery, D. C., & Sampat, B. N. (2005). The Bayh-Dole Act of 1980 and university–industry technology transfer: A model for other OECD governments? Journal of Technology Transfer, 30(1-2), 115-127. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10961-004-4361-z
  • O'Shea, R., Allen, T. J., Chevalier, A., & Roche, F. (2005). Entrepreneurial orientation, technology transfer and spinoff performance of U.S. universities. Research Policy, 34(7), 994-1009.
  • Perkmann, M., Tartari, V., McKelvey, M., Autio, E., Broström, A., D’Este, P., ... & Sobrero, M. (2013). Academic engagement and commercialisation: A review of the literature on university–industry relations. Research Policy, 42(2), 423-442. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2012.09.007
  • Rothaermel, F. T., Agung, S. D., & Jiang, L. (2007). University entrepreneurship: A taxonomy of the literature. Industrial and Corporate Change, 16(4), 691-791. https://doi.org/10.1093/icc/dtm023
  • Saban, A. (2004). Giriş düzeyindeki sınıf öğretmeni adaylarının “öğretmen” kavramına ilişkin ileri sürdükleri metaforlar. Türk Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 2(2), 131-155.
  • Saban, A. (2008). Okula ilişkin Metaforlar. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi, 55, 459-496.
  • Shane, S. (2004). Academic Entrepreneurship: University Spinoffs and Wealth Creation. Edward Elgar Publishing.
  • Shane, S., & Venkataraman, S. (2000). The promise of entrepreneurship as a field of research. Academy of Management Review, 25(1), 217-226. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2000.2791611
  • Siegel, D. S., & Wright, M. (2015). Academic Entrepreneurship: Time for a Rethink? British Journal of Management, 26(4), 582-595.
  • Urbano, D., & Guerrero, M. (2013). Entrepreneurial Universities: Socioeconomic Impacts of Academic Entrepreneurship in a European Region. Economic Development Quarterly, 27(1), 40-55.
  • Vohora, A., Wright, M., & Lockett, A. (2004). Critical junctures in the development of university high-tech spinout companies. Research Policy, 33(1), 147-175. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(03)00107-0
  • Wright, M., Clarysse, B., Mustar, P., & Lockett, A. (2008). Academic Entrepreneurship in Europe. Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781848441079
  • Yıldırım, A., & Şimşek, H. (2018). Sosyal Bilimlerde Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Yücel, E., & Sezgin, O. (2022). Akademik Girişimcilik Motivasyonları ve Faaliyetleri Üzerine Nitel Bir Araştırma. İzmir İktisat Dergisi. 37(2), 536- 564

Academics' perspective on academic entrepreneurship: A metaphorical analysis

Year 2025, Volume: 24 Issue: Özel Sayı - İnovasyon ve Girişimcilik, 189 - 210, 28.03.2025

Abstract

This study aims to determine academics’ perspectives and perceptions of academic entrepreneurship through metaphors. For this purpose, a survey form was sent to academics working in Türkiye via online channels to determine their perceptions of academic entrepreneurship and the collected data was handled with a descriptive approach.The metaphor method used in the qualitative research design was selected as the method of study. The survey form containing the statement "Academic entrepreneurship is like …………. Because………" was used to collect data. The 75 survey forms were collected, examined and analyzed with a descriptive approach.69 metaphors were obtained from 75 academics in the study. These metaphors were examined in 8 categories: "Innovation and Discovery", "Risk and Courage", "Collaboration and Networking", "Leadership and Management", "Utopia", "Enterprise and Trade", "Social Contribution" and "Long-Term Marathon". The findings revealed that academic entrepreneurship is a multidimensional process such as innovation, leadership, collaboration, risk taking, social benefit and long-term effort. The categories created showed that academics approach academic entrepreneurship from different perspectives and that this process has a wide area of impact on the individual and social level. Studies on how the concept of academic entrepreneurship is perceived by academics are limited. No scientific study produced from a metaphorical perspective has been found in either national or international literature on the subject. Studies on the interest and knowledge level of academics on academic entrepreneurship in Türkiye reveal that they are not sufficiently orientated to this field. As a matter of fact, the limited number of studies conducted in this field also supports this situation. In this context, this research will contribute to theoretical studies on academic entrepreneurship and will add a unique value to the literature by revealing the personal and professional attitudes of academics on the subject.

References

  • Audretsch, D. B. (2014). From the entrepreneurial university to the university for the entrepreneurial society. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 39(3), 313-321.
  • Carlsson, B., & Fridh, A. C. (2002). Technology transfer in United States universities. Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 12(1), 199-232.
  • Clarysse, B., Tartari, V., & Salter, A. (2011). The impact of entrepreneurial capacity, experience and organizational support on academic entrepreneurship. Research Policy, 40(8), 1084-1093.
  • Dalmarco, G., Hulsink, W., & Blois, G. V. (2018). Creating entrepreneurial universities in an emerging economy: Evidence from Brazil. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 135, 99-111.
  • Etzkowitz, H. (1998). The norms of entrepreneurial science: Cognitive effects of the new university–industry linkages. Research Policy, 27(8), 823-833.
  • Etzkowitz, H., & Leydesdorff, L. (2000). The dynamics of innovation: From National Systems and "Mode 2" to a Triple Helix of university–industry–government relations. Research Policy, 29(2), 109-123. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(99)00055-4
  • Gaddefors, J. (2007). Metaphor use in the entrepreneurial process. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research, 13(3), 173-193. https://doi.org/10.1108/13552550710751049
  • Harrison, R. T., & Leitch, C. M. (2005). Entrepreneurial learning: Researching the interface between learning and the entrepreneurial context. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 29(4), 351-371.
  • Huyghe, A., & Knockaert, M. (2015). The influence of organizational culture and climate on entrepreneurial intentions among research scientists. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 40, 138-160.
  • Lakoff, G., & Johnson, M. (1980). Metaphors We Live By, Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press
  • Meyer, M. (2003). Academic entrepreneurs or entrepreneurial academics? Research-based ventures and public support mechanisms. R&D Management, 33(2), 107-115.
  • Moroz, P. W., & Hindle, K. (2012). Entrepreneurship as a process: Toward harmonizing multiple perspectives. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 36(4), 781-818.
  • Mowery, D. C., & Sampat, B. N. (2005). The Bayh-Dole Act of 1980 and university–industry technology transfer: A model for other OECD governments? Journal of Technology Transfer, 30(1-2), 115-127. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10961-004-4361-z
  • O'Shea, R., Allen, T. J., Chevalier, A., & Roche, F. (2005). Entrepreneurial orientation, technology transfer and spinoff performance of U.S. universities. Research Policy, 34(7), 994-1009.
  • Perkmann, M., Tartari, V., McKelvey, M., Autio, E., Broström, A., D’Este, P., ... & Sobrero, M. (2013). Academic engagement and commercialisation: A review of the literature on university–industry relations. Research Policy, 42(2), 423-442. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2012.09.007
  • Rothaermel, F. T., Agung, S. D., & Jiang, L. (2007). University entrepreneurship: A taxonomy of the literature. Industrial and Corporate Change, 16(4), 691-791. https://doi.org/10.1093/icc/dtm023
  • Saban, A. (2004). Giriş düzeyindeki sınıf öğretmeni adaylarının “öğretmen” kavramına ilişkin ileri sürdükleri metaforlar. Türk Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 2(2), 131-155.
  • Saban, A. (2008). Okula ilişkin Metaforlar. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi, 55, 459-496.
  • Shane, S. (2004). Academic Entrepreneurship: University Spinoffs and Wealth Creation. Edward Elgar Publishing.
  • Shane, S., & Venkataraman, S. (2000). The promise of entrepreneurship as a field of research. Academy of Management Review, 25(1), 217-226. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2000.2791611
  • Siegel, D. S., & Wright, M. (2015). Academic Entrepreneurship: Time for a Rethink? British Journal of Management, 26(4), 582-595.
  • Urbano, D., & Guerrero, M. (2013). Entrepreneurial Universities: Socioeconomic Impacts of Academic Entrepreneurship in a European Region. Economic Development Quarterly, 27(1), 40-55.
  • Vohora, A., Wright, M., & Lockett, A. (2004). Critical junctures in the development of university high-tech spinout companies. Research Policy, 33(1), 147-175. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(03)00107-0
  • Wright, M., Clarysse, B., Mustar, P., & Lockett, A. (2008). Academic Entrepreneurship in Europe. Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781848441079
  • Yıldırım, A., & Şimşek, H. (2018). Sosyal Bilimlerde Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Yücel, E., & Sezgin, O. (2022). Akademik Girişimcilik Motivasyonları ve Faaliyetleri Üzerine Nitel Bir Araştırma. İzmir İktisat Dergisi. 37(2), 536- 564
There are 26 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Entrepreneurship
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Esra Kızıloğlu 0000-0001-6005-8755

Publication Date March 28, 2025
Submission Date September 30, 2024
Acceptance Date February 10, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 24 Issue: Özel Sayı - İnovasyon ve Girişimcilik

Cite

APA Kızıloğlu, E. (2025). Akademik girişimciliğe akademisyen bakışı: Bir metaforik inceleme. İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 24(Özel Sayı - İnovasyon ve Girişimcilik), 189-210. https://doi.org/10.46928/iticusbe.1558868