Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Digital Transformation of the Organization of Turkic States: A Performance Analysis Using CRITIC and ARAS

Year 2025, Volume: 24 Issue: 52, 293 - 332, 27.06.2025
https://doi.org/10.46928/iticusbe.1571555

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate systematically and objectively the digital readiness levels of the member countries of the Organization of Turkic States (OTS). Digital transformation has become a crucial factor in economic growth, social development, and global competitiveness, making the assessment of countries' readiness for this process increasingly significant. Understanding the current state of digital transformation among OTS member states, identifying their strengths and weaknesses, and assessing their global competitiveness constitute the primary objectives of this research. Given the limited number of studies measuring digital readiness levels, this study contributes to filling a critical gap in the literature. Using 2019 and 2021 data from the CISCO Digital Readiness Index (CDRI), this study applies the CRITIC and ARAS methods to analyze the digital preparedness of OTS member states. The CRITIC method objectively determines the weights of digital readiness criteria, while the ARAS method ranks the digital performance of countries based on these weighted criteria. Additionally, OTS member states are evaluated in comparison with global digital leaders to provide a broader perspective on their digital transformation progress. The findings indicate that in 2019, "Basic Needs" was the most critical factor for digital readiness, whereas in 2021, "Human Capital" emerged as the most significant element. Azerbaijan ranked first in digital readiness among OTS members in 2019, whereas Turkey took the lead in 2021. A global comparison reveals that while OTS member states have made progress in their digitalization efforts, they still lag behind leading nations in digital transformation. The results highlight the need for a more comprehensive and strategic approach to digital transformation among OTS member states. Particularly, investing in human capital, strengthening the startup ecosystem, improving ease of doing business, and enhancing technological infrastructure are identified as key priorities. To ensure sustainable digital transformation, it is essential to increase regional cooperation, develop joint strategies, and harmonize digital policies among OTS countries.

Ethical Statement

The data used in this study were obtained from publicly available sources.

Supporting Institution

There is no conflict of interest in this study.

Thanks

None

References

  • Akçapa, M. (2023). Türk Devletleri Teşkilatı’nın tarihsel gelişimi: Teşkilatın dünü, bugünü ve yarını. Avrasya Uluslararası Araştırmalar Dergisi, 11(34), 473–491. https://doi.org/10.33692/avrasyad.1223099
  • Altun, F. (2023). The Organisation of Turkic States’ digital communication and digital diplomacy perspective. Bilig, 106, 1–33. https://doi.org/10.12995/bilig.10601
  • Arıkan Kargı, V. S. (2022). Determining digital readiness levels of the OECD countries with CRITIC-based ARAS method. Akademik Yaklaşımlar Dergisi, 13(2), 363–376. https://doi.org/10.54688/ayd.1111357
  • Assefa, S., Rorissa, A., & Alemneh, D. (2021). Digital readiness assessment of countries in Africa: A case study research. Proceedings of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 58(1), 400–404. https://doi.org/10.1002/PRA2.467
  • Atayero, Oluwatobi, S., & Alege, P. O. (2016). An assessment of the internet of things (IoT) adoption readiness of Sub-Saharan Africa. Erişim adresi: https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:53631932
  • Bagci Tolga. (2024, July 27). Cisco nedir? Teknoloji devi Cisco’nun başarısı! Erişim adresi: https://www.sysnettechsolutions.com/cisco-nedir/
  • Balakrishnan, V., & Shuib, N. L. M. (2021). Drivers and inhibitors for digital payment adoption using the Cashless Society Readiness-Adoption model in Malaysia. Technology in Society, 65, 101554. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TECHSOC.2021.101554
  • Basso, B., & Antle, J. (2020). Digital agriculture to design sustainable agricultural systems. Nature Sustainability, 3(4), 254–256. https://doi.org/10.1038/S41893-020-0510-0
  • Blayone, T. J. B., Mykhailenko, O., Kavtaradze, M., Kokhan, M., Vanoostveen, R., & Barber, W. (2018). Profiling the digital readiness of higher education students for transformative online learning in the post-soviet nations of Georgia and Ukraine. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, , 15(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-018-0119-9
  • Boynton J. (2020, January 20). The Digital Readiness Index: Transforming economies through technology - Cisco Blogs. Erişim adresi: https://blogs.cisco.com/csr/transforming-economies-through-technology
  • Çelen, A. İ. (2021). CISCO Dijital Hazırlık Endeksinde Türkiye için perspektifler. Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Akademi Dergisi, 3(5), 68–103. https://doi.org/10.47994/USBAD.820248
  • Cisco Public. (2020). Cisco Global Digital Readiness Index 2019. Erişim adresi: https://www.cisco.com/c/dam/en_us/about/csr/reports/global-digital-readiness-index.pdf
  • Cisco Public. (2022). Cisco Global Digital Readiness Index 2021. Erişim adresi: https://www.cisco.com/c/m/en_us/about/corporate-social-responsibility/research-resources/digital-readiness-index.html#/Basic Needs
  • Cumhurbaşkanlığı İletişim Başkanlığı. (2023). 21. Yüzyılın parlayan yıldızı: Türk Devletleri Teşkilatı. Erişim adresi: https://www.iletisim.gov.tr/images/uploads/dosyalar/21_YUZYILIN_PARLAYAN_YILDIZI_TDT.pdf
  • De Carolis, A., Macchi, M., Negri, E., & Terzi, S. (2017). A maturity model for assessing the digital readiness of manufacturing companies. IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, 513, 13–20. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66923-6_2/FIGURES/2
  • Diakoulaki, D., Mavrotas, G., & Papayannakis, L. (1995). Determining objective weights in multiple criteria problems: The critic method. Computers & Operations Research, 22(7), 763–770. https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-0548(94)00059-H
  • Doğan, H. (2022). Türkiye’nin makroekonomik performansının 2010-2020 yılları için Crıtıc temelli Aras yöntemi ile değerlendirilmesi. Asya Studies, 6(19), 189–202. https://doi.org/10.31455/asya.1027906
  • Fabregas, A., & Gapasin, A. (2021). Digital readiness of faculty and students at the State University using Modified General Technology Competency and Use Model with rule-based algorithm. Journal of Computing Sciences Research, 5(1), 629–643. https://doi.org/10.25147/ijcsr.2017.001.1.61
  • Gfrerer, A., Hutter, K., Füller, J., & Ströhle, T. (2020). Ready or not: Managers’ and employees’ different perceptions of digital readiness. California Management Review, 63(2), 23–48. https://doi.org/10.1177/0008125620977487
  • Händel, M., Stephan, M., Gläser-Zikuda, M., Kopp, B., Bedenlier, S., & Ziegler, A. (2020). Digital readiness and its effects on higher education students’ socio-emotional perceptions in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 54(2), 267–280. https://doi.org/10.1080/15391523.2020.1846147
  • Hong, A. J., & Kim, H. J. (2018). College students’ digital readiness for academic engagement (DRAE) scale: Scale development and validation. Asia-Pacific Education Researcher, 27(4), 303–312. https://doi.org/10.1007/S40299-018-0387-0
  • Höyng, M., & Lau, A. (2023). Being ready for digital transformation: How to enhance employees’ intentional digital readiness. Computers in Human Behavior Reports, 11. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CHBR.2023.100314
  • Kavut, S. (2024). Toplumların dijital dönüşüm aracı olarak Yapay Zekâ çalışmaları: Türkiye’nin ve Türk Devletleri Teşkilatının Yapay Zekâ kullanımı üzerine bir analiz. Erciyes İletişim Dergisi, 11(1), 325–344. https://doi.org/10.17680/erciyesiletisim.1346576
  • Kim, H. J., Hong, A. J., & Song, H. D. (2019). The roles of academic engagement and digital readiness in students’ achievements in university e-learning environments. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 16(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1186/S41239-019-0152-3/TABLES/7
  • Kireyeva, A. A., Satpayeva, Z. T., & Urdabayev, M. T. (2022). Analysis of the digital readiness and the level of the ICT development in Kazakhstan’s regions. Economy of Region, 18(2), 464–478. https://doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2022-2-12
  • Koca, G. (2021). AB ülkelerinin dijital dönüşüm performanslarının ARAS yöntemi ile incelenmesi. G. Koca & Ö. Eğilmez (Ed), Dijital dönüşüm ve işletmecilik (s 7–24) içinde. EFEAKADEMİ.
  • Lassnig, M., Müller, J. M., Klieber, K., Zeisler, A., & Schirl, M. (2018). A digital readiness check for the evaluation of supply chain aspects and company size for Industry 4.0. Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, 33(9), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMTM-10-2020-0382/FULL/PDF
  • Lokuge, S., Sedera, D., Grover, V., & Dongming, X. (2019). Organizational readiness for digital innovation: Development and empirical calibration of a construct. Information & Management, 56(3), 445–461. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IM.2018.09.001
  • Masca, M., & İnkaya, A. (2024). Determining the human capital performance of Latin American Countries and Türkiye with CRITIC-based ARAS method. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 14, 176–187. https://doi.org/10.58627/dpuiibf.1581700
  • Mather, C. A., & Cummings, E. (2019). Developing and sustaining digital professionalism: a model for assessing readiness of healthcare environments and capability of nurses. BMJ Health Care Inform, 26, 100062. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjhci-2019-100062
  • Mergel, I., Edelmann, N., & Haug, N. (2019). Defining digital transformation: Results from expert interviews. Government Information Quarterly, 36(4), 101385. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.GIQ.2019.06.002
  • Nahçıvan Antlaşması. (2009). Türk Dili Konuşan Ülkeler İşbirliği Konseyi’nin Kurulmasına Dair Nahçıvan Antlaşması. In turkicstates.org. Erişim adresi: https://turkicstates.org/assets/pdf/temel_belgeler/Nahcivan_Anlasmasi_Turkce_20140417_193951.pdf
  • Nit, B., Kobashi, Y., Vory, S., Lim, S., Chea, S., Ito, S., & Tsubokura, M. (2021). The introduction of telemedicine is required immediately in Cambodia: Barriers and lessons from COVID-19. Journal of Global Health, 11. https://doi.org/10.7189/JOGH.11.03047
  • Nylén, D., & Holmström, J. (2015). Digital innovation strategy: A framework for diagnosing and improving digital product and service innovation. Business Horizons, 58(1), 57–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BUSHOR.2014.09.001
  • Özbalcı, A. A. (2021). Türk Cumhuriyetleri arasında dijital birliğin kurulması ve Türk Keneşi’nin rolü. A. Kırksekiz, A. V. Can, H. Çalışkan, K. Taşkın, K. Şahin, M. K. Uçar, & S. Kol (Ed), 19. Uluslararası Türk Dünyası Sosyal Bilimler Kongresi (s. 245–256). Erişim adresi: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1HAvnfd-yTHOBVl1IX1yCSfdajB7SFrPs/view
  • Özkan, T., & Ağ, A. (2021). Corporate Sustainability Performance Assessment: CRITIC-ARAS Integrated Model. OPUS International Journal of Society Researches, 18(42), 5208–5229. https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.913777
  • Pingali, S. R., Singha, S., Arunachalam, S., & Pedada, K. (2023). Digital readiness of small and medium enterprises in emerging markets: The construct, propositions, measurement, and implications. Journal of Business Research, 164, 113973. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JBUSRES.2023.113973
  • Pirola, F., Cimini, C., & Pinto, R. (2020). Digital readiness assessment of Italian SMEs: a case-study research. Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, 31(5), 1045–1083. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMTM-09-2018-0305/FULL/PDF
  • Purtaş, F. (2022). Krizleri Fırsata Dönüştüren İş Birliği Türk Devletleri Teşkilatı (Issue 1). Erişim adresi: https://www.setav.org/assets/uploads/2022/11/R209.pdf
  • Rodríguez-Moreno, J., Ortiz-Colón, A. M., Cordón-Pozo, E., & Agreda-Montoro, M. (2021). The influence of digital tools and social networks on the digital competence of university students during COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,18(6), 2835. https://doi.org/10.3390/IJERPH18062835
  • Sánchez, M. A., & Zuntini, J. I. (2018). Organizational readiness for the digital transformation : A case study research. Revista Gestão & Tecnologia, 18(2), 70–99. https://repositoriodigital.uns.edu.ar/handle/123456789/4265
  • Şenol, Z., & Ulutaş, A. (2018). Muhasebe Temelli Performans Ölçümleri ile Piyasa Temelli Performans Ölçümlerinin CRITIC ve ARAS Yöntemleriyle Değerlendirilmesi. Finans Politik ve Ekonomik Yorumlar, 641, 983–1002. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/fpeyd/issue/47981/607038
  • Silva, R., Mamede, H. S., & Santos, V. (2023). Clarification of the present understanding of the assessment of an organization’s digital readiness in SMEs. Emerging Science Journal, 7(6), 2610–9182. https://doi.org/10.28991/ESJ-2023-07-06-025
  • Sivrikova, N. V., Harlanova, E. M., Stolbova, E. A., & Ageev, A. A. (2019). Interacting with participants of youth organizations through social networks: commitment and digital readiness of educators. Dilemas Contemporáneos: Educación, Política y Valore. https://www.proquest.com/docview/2245651366?pq-origsite=gscholar&fromopenview=true&sourcetype=Scholarly Journals
  • Stolterman, E. & Fors, A. C. (2004). Information technology and the good life. IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, 143, 687–692. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-8095-6_45
  • TDT İstanbul Zirvesi. (2021). Türk Devletleri Teşkilatı Sekizinci Zirve Bildirisi.
  • Tuş, A., Öztaş, G. Z., Öztaş, T., Özçil, A., & Aytaç Adalı, E. (2023). An alternative approach for calculating Turkey’s digital transformation index: Bayesian BWM. Pamukkale University Journal of Engineering Sciences, 29(8), 842–854. https://doi.org/10.5505/pajes.2023.48310
  • Van De Werfhorst, H. G., Kessenich, E., & Geven, S. (2022). The digital divide in online education: Inequality in digital readiness of students and schools. Computers and Education Open, 3, 100100. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CAEO.2022.100100
  • Voß, F. L. V., & Pawlowski, J. M. (2019). Digital readiness frameworks. Communications in Computer and Information Science, 1027, 503–514. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21451-7_43
  • Yerdelen Kaygın, C., & Kahramani Koç, A. (2023). Ödemeler Dengesi’nde taşımacılık faaliyetleri performansının CRITIC-ARAS ve WASPAS yöntemleriyle analizi: Türkiye örneği. Uluslararası İktisadi ve İdari İncelemeler Dergisi, 41, 263–282. https://doi.org/10.18092/ulikidince.1315800
  • Yıldırım, B. F. (2015). ARAS method in multi criteria decision making. Kafkas University Economics and Administrative Sciences Faculty The Journal of KAU IIBF, 6(9), 285–296.
  • Yoo, T., De Wysocki, M., & Cumberland, A. (2018). Country digital readiness: research to determine a country's digital readiness and key interventions. Cisco Corporate Affairs.
  • Zalite, G. G., & Zvirbule, A. (2020). Digital readiness and competitiveness of the EU higher education institutions: The COVID-19 pandemic impact. Emerging Science Journal, 4(4), 297–304. https://doi.org/10.28991/ESJ-2020-01232
  • Zavadskas, E. K., & Turskis, Z. (2010). A new additive ratio assessment (ARAS) method in multicriteria decision-making. Technological and Economic Development of Economy, 16(2), 159–172. https://doi.org/10.3846/TEDE.2010.10
  • Zhang, A., Hobman, E., Smith, D., & Guan Xinlong. (2019). Enabling a digital transformation in agriculture: A digital maturity index and assessment tool for the agricultural industry. Cotton Research and Development Corporation, Narrabri, NSW.

Türk Devletleri Teşkilatı'nın Dijital Dönüşümü: CRITIC ve ARAS ile Performans Analizi

Year 2025, Volume: 24 Issue: 52, 293 - 332, 27.06.2025
https://doi.org/10.46928/iticusbe.1571555

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Türk Devletleri Teşkilatı (TDT) üye ülkelerinin dijital hazırlık seviyelerini sistematik ve objektif bir biçimde değerlendirmek amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Dijital dönüşüm, ekonomik büyüme, toplumsal kalkınma ve küresel rekabet gücü açısından kritik bir unsur haline gelmiş olup, ülkelerin bu sürece ne kadar hazır olduğu büyük önem taşımaktadır. TDT üye ülkelerinin dijital dönüşüm süreçlerinde hangi aşamada olduklarının, güçlü ve zayıf yönlerinin belirlenmesi ve küresel düzeyde rekabetçiliklerinin değerlendirilmesi, bu araştırmanın temel amaçlarını oluşturmaktadır. Literatürde dijital hazırlık seviyelerinin ölçülmesine yönelik çalışmaların sınırlı olması, bu araştırmayı daha da anlamlı kılmaktadır. Çalışmada, CISCO Dijital Hazırlık İndeksi’nin (CDHİ) 2019 ve 2021 verileri kullanılarak, CRITIC ve ARAS yöntemleriyle bir analiz gerçekleştirilmiştir. CRITIC yöntemi, dijital hazırlık kriterlerinin ağırlıklarını nesnel bir şekilde belirlerken, ARAS yöntemi, bu ağırlıkları kullanarak ülkelerin dijital performanslarını sıralamaktadır. Ayrıca, TDT üye ülkelerinin küresel dijital rekabet içerisindeki konumları değerlendirilmektedir. Elde edilen bulgular, 2019 yılında "Temel İhtiyaçlar" kriterinin dijital hazırlık açısından en önemli faktör olduğunu, 2021 yılında ise "Beşeri Sermaye" unsurunun öne çıktığını göstermektedir. 2019’da Azerbaycan dijital hazırlık açısından lider konumda yer alırken, 2021’de Türkiye en üst sıraya yükselmiştir. Küresel düzeyde yapılan karşılaştırmalar, TDT üye ülkelerinin dijitalleşme yolunda ilerleme kaydettiğini, ancak dünya liderleriyle aralarındaki farkın sürdüğünü ortaya koymaktadır. Sonuçlar, TDT üye ülkelerinin dijital dönüşüm süreçlerinde daha kapsamlı ve stratejik bir yaklaşıma ihtiyaç duyduğunu göstermektedir. Özellikle beşeri sermayenin geliştirilmesi, start-up ekosisteminin güçlendirilmesi, iş yapma kolaylığının artırılması ve teknolojik altyapının iyileştirilmesi zarureti ön plana çıkmaktadır. Bu doğrultuda, bölgesel iş birliğinin artırılması, ortak stratejiler geliştirilmesi ve dijital politikaların uyumlu hale getirilmesi, sürdürülebilir dijital dönüşüm için kritik bir gereklilik olarak öne çıkmaktadır.

Ethical Statement

Çalışmada kullanılan veriler kamuya açık kaynaklardan elde edilmiştir.

Supporting Institution

Çalışmada bir çıkar çatışması yoktur.

Thanks

Yok

References

  • Akçapa, M. (2023). Türk Devletleri Teşkilatı’nın tarihsel gelişimi: Teşkilatın dünü, bugünü ve yarını. Avrasya Uluslararası Araştırmalar Dergisi, 11(34), 473–491. https://doi.org/10.33692/avrasyad.1223099
  • Altun, F. (2023). The Organisation of Turkic States’ digital communication and digital diplomacy perspective. Bilig, 106, 1–33. https://doi.org/10.12995/bilig.10601
  • Arıkan Kargı, V. S. (2022). Determining digital readiness levels of the OECD countries with CRITIC-based ARAS method. Akademik Yaklaşımlar Dergisi, 13(2), 363–376. https://doi.org/10.54688/ayd.1111357
  • Assefa, S., Rorissa, A., & Alemneh, D. (2021). Digital readiness assessment of countries in Africa: A case study research. Proceedings of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 58(1), 400–404. https://doi.org/10.1002/PRA2.467
  • Atayero, Oluwatobi, S., & Alege, P. O. (2016). An assessment of the internet of things (IoT) adoption readiness of Sub-Saharan Africa. Erişim adresi: https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:53631932
  • Bagci Tolga. (2024, July 27). Cisco nedir? Teknoloji devi Cisco’nun başarısı! Erişim adresi: https://www.sysnettechsolutions.com/cisco-nedir/
  • Balakrishnan, V., & Shuib, N. L. M. (2021). Drivers and inhibitors for digital payment adoption using the Cashless Society Readiness-Adoption model in Malaysia. Technology in Society, 65, 101554. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TECHSOC.2021.101554
  • Basso, B., & Antle, J. (2020). Digital agriculture to design sustainable agricultural systems. Nature Sustainability, 3(4), 254–256. https://doi.org/10.1038/S41893-020-0510-0
  • Blayone, T. J. B., Mykhailenko, O., Kavtaradze, M., Kokhan, M., Vanoostveen, R., & Barber, W. (2018). Profiling the digital readiness of higher education students for transformative online learning in the post-soviet nations of Georgia and Ukraine. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, , 15(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-018-0119-9
  • Boynton J. (2020, January 20). The Digital Readiness Index: Transforming economies through technology - Cisco Blogs. Erişim adresi: https://blogs.cisco.com/csr/transforming-economies-through-technology
  • Çelen, A. İ. (2021). CISCO Dijital Hazırlık Endeksinde Türkiye için perspektifler. Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Akademi Dergisi, 3(5), 68–103. https://doi.org/10.47994/USBAD.820248
  • Cisco Public. (2020). Cisco Global Digital Readiness Index 2019. Erişim adresi: https://www.cisco.com/c/dam/en_us/about/csr/reports/global-digital-readiness-index.pdf
  • Cisco Public. (2022). Cisco Global Digital Readiness Index 2021. Erişim adresi: https://www.cisco.com/c/m/en_us/about/corporate-social-responsibility/research-resources/digital-readiness-index.html#/Basic Needs
  • Cumhurbaşkanlığı İletişim Başkanlığı. (2023). 21. Yüzyılın parlayan yıldızı: Türk Devletleri Teşkilatı. Erişim adresi: https://www.iletisim.gov.tr/images/uploads/dosyalar/21_YUZYILIN_PARLAYAN_YILDIZI_TDT.pdf
  • De Carolis, A., Macchi, M., Negri, E., & Terzi, S. (2017). A maturity model for assessing the digital readiness of manufacturing companies. IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, 513, 13–20. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66923-6_2/FIGURES/2
  • Diakoulaki, D., Mavrotas, G., & Papayannakis, L. (1995). Determining objective weights in multiple criteria problems: The critic method. Computers & Operations Research, 22(7), 763–770. https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-0548(94)00059-H
  • Doğan, H. (2022). Türkiye’nin makroekonomik performansının 2010-2020 yılları için Crıtıc temelli Aras yöntemi ile değerlendirilmesi. Asya Studies, 6(19), 189–202. https://doi.org/10.31455/asya.1027906
  • Fabregas, A., & Gapasin, A. (2021). Digital readiness of faculty and students at the State University using Modified General Technology Competency and Use Model with rule-based algorithm. Journal of Computing Sciences Research, 5(1), 629–643. https://doi.org/10.25147/ijcsr.2017.001.1.61
  • Gfrerer, A., Hutter, K., Füller, J., & Ströhle, T. (2020). Ready or not: Managers’ and employees’ different perceptions of digital readiness. California Management Review, 63(2), 23–48. https://doi.org/10.1177/0008125620977487
  • Händel, M., Stephan, M., Gläser-Zikuda, M., Kopp, B., Bedenlier, S., & Ziegler, A. (2020). Digital readiness and its effects on higher education students’ socio-emotional perceptions in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 54(2), 267–280. https://doi.org/10.1080/15391523.2020.1846147
  • Hong, A. J., & Kim, H. J. (2018). College students’ digital readiness for academic engagement (DRAE) scale: Scale development and validation. Asia-Pacific Education Researcher, 27(4), 303–312. https://doi.org/10.1007/S40299-018-0387-0
  • Höyng, M., & Lau, A. (2023). Being ready for digital transformation: How to enhance employees’ intentional digital readiness. Computers in Human Behavior Reports, 11. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CHBR.2023.100314
  • Kavut, S. (2024). Toplumların dijital dönüşüm aracı olarak Yapay Zekâ çalışmaları: Türkiye’nin ve Türk Devletleri Teşkilatının Yapay Zekâ kullanımı üzerine bir analiz. Erciyes İletişim Dergisi, 11(1), 325–344. https://doi.org/10.17680/erciyesiletisim.1346576
  • Kim, H. J., Hong, A. J., & Song, H. D. (2019). The roles of academic engagement and digital readiness in students’ achievements in university e-learning environments. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 16(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1186/S41239-019-0152-3/TABLES/7
  • Kireyeva, A. A., Satpayeva, Z. T., & Urdabayev, M. T. (2022). Analysis of the digital readiness and the level of the ICT development in Kazakhstan’s regions. Economy of Region, 18(2), 464–478. https://doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2022-2-12
  • Koca, G. (2021). AB ülkelerinin dijital dönüşüm performanslarının ARAS yöntemi ile incelenmesi. G. Koca & Ö. Eğilmez (Ed), Dijital dönüşüm ve işletmecilik (s 7–24) içinde. EFEAKADEMİ.
  • Lassnig, M., Müller, J. M., Klieber, K., Zeisler, A., & Schirl, M. (2018). A digital readiness check for the evaluation of supply chain aspects and company size for Industry 4.0. Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, 33(9), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMTM-10-2020-0382/FULL/PDF
  • Lokuge, S., Sedera, D., Grover, V., & Dongming, X. (2019). Organizational readiness for digital innovation: Development and empirical calibration of a construct. Information & Management, 56(3), 445–461. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IM.2018.09.001
  • Masca, M., & İnkaya, A. (2024). Determining the human capital performance of Latin American Countries and Türkiye with CRITIC-based ARAS method. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 14, 176–187. https://doi.org/10.58627/dpuiibf.1581700
  • Mather, C. A., & Cummings, E. (2019). Developing and sustaining digital professionalism: a model for assessing readiness of healthcare environments and capability of nurses. BMJ Health Care Inform, 26, 100062. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjhci-2019-100062
  • Mergel, I., Edelmann, N., & Haug, N. (2019). Defining digital transformation: Results from expert interviews. Government Information Quarterly, 36(4), 101385. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.GIQ.2019.06.002
  • Nahçıvan Antlaşması. (2009). Türk Dili Konuşan Ülkeler İşbirliği Konseyi’nin Kurulmasına Dair Nahçıvan Antlaşması. In turkicstates.org. Erişim adresi: https://turkicstates.org/assets/pdf/temel_belgeler/Nahcivan_Anlasmasi_Turkce_20140417_193951.pdf
  • Nit, B., Kobashi, Y., Vory, S., Lim, S., Chea, S., Ito, S., & Tsubokura, M. (2021). The introduction of telemedicine is required immediately in Cambodia: Barriers and lessons from COVID-19. Journal of Global Health, 11. https://doi.org/10.7189/JOGH.11.03047
  • Nylén, D., & Holmström, J. (2015). Digital innovation strategy: A framework for diagnosing and improving digital product and service innovation. Business Horizons, 58(1), 57–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BUSHOR.2014.09.001
  • Özbalcı, A. A. (2021). Türk Cumhuriyetleri arasında dijital birliğin kurulması ve Türk Keneşi’nin rolü. A. Kırksekiz, A. V. Can, H. Çalışkan, K. Taşkın, K. Şahin, M. K. Uçar, & S. Kol (Ed), 19. Uluslararası Türk Dünyası Sosyal Bilimler Kongresi (s. 245–256). Erişim adresi: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1HAvnfd-yTHOBVl1IX1yCSfdajB7SFrPs/view
  • Özkan, T., & Ağ, A. (2021). Corporate Sustainability Performance Assessment: CRITIC-ARAS Integrated Model. OPUS International Journal of Society Researches, 18(42), 5208–5229. https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.913777
  • Pingali, S. R., Singha, S., Arunachalam, S., & Pedada, K. (2023). Digital readiness of small and medium enterprises in emerging markets: The construct, propositions, measurement, and implications. Journal of Business Research, 164, 113973. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JBUSRES.2023.113973
  • Pirola, F., Cimini, C., & Pinto, R. (2020). Digital readiness assessment of Italian SMEs: a case-study research. Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, 31(5), 1045–1083. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMTM-09-2018-0305/FULL/PDF
  • Purtaş, F. (2022). Krizleri Fırsata Dönüştüren İş Birliği Türk Devletleri Teşkilatı (Issue 1). Erişim adresi: https://www.setav.org/assets/uploads/2022/11/R209.pdf
  • Rodríguez-Moreno, J., Ortiz-Colón, A. M., Cordón-Pozo, E., & Agreda-Montoro, M. (2021). The influence of digital tools and social networks on the digital competence of university students during COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,18(6), 2835. https://doi.org/10.3390/IJERPH18062835
  • Sánchez, M. A., & Zuntini, J. I. (2018). Organizational readiness for the digital transformation : A case study research. Revista Gestão & Tecnologia, 18(2), 70–99. https://repositoriodigital.uns.edu.ar/handle/123456789/4265
  • Şenol, Z., & Ulutaş, A. (2018). Muhasebe Temelli Performans Ölçümleri ile Piyasa Temelli Performans Ölçümlerinin CRITIC ve ARAS Yöntemleriyle Değerlendirilmesi. Finans Politik ve Ekonomik Yorumlar, 641, 983–1002. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/fpeyd/issue/47981/607038
  • Silva, R., Mamede, H. S., & Santos, V. (2023). Clarification of the present understanding of the assessment of an organization’s digital readiness in SMEs. Emerging Science Journal, 7(6), 2610–9182. https://doi.org/10.28991/ESJ-2023-07-06-025
  • Sivrikova, N. V., Harlanova, E. M., Stolbova, E. A., & Ageev, A. A. (2019). Interacting with participants of youth organizations through social networks: commitment and digital readiness of educators. Dilemas Contemporáneos: Educación, Política y Valore. https://www.proquest.com/docview/2245651366?pq-origsite=gscholar&fromopenview=true&sourcetype=Scholarly Journals
  • Stolterman, E. & Fors, A. C. (2004). Information technology and the good life. IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, 143, 687–692. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-8095-6_45
  • TDT İstanbul Zirvesi. (2021). Türk Devletleri Teşkilatı Sekizinci Zirve Bildirisi.
  • Tuş, A., Öztaş, G. Z., Öztaş, T., Özçil, A., & Aytaç Adalı, E. (2023). An alternative approach for calculating Turkey’s digital transformation index: Bayesian BWM. Pamukkale University Journal of Engineering Sciences, 29(8), 842–854. https://doi.org/10.5505/pajes.2023.48310
  • Van De Werfhorst, H. G., Kessenich, E., & Geven, S. (2022). The digital divide in online education: Inequality in digital readiness of students and schools. Computers and Education Open, 3, 100100. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CAEO.2022.100100
  • Voß, F. L. V., & Pawlowski, J. M. (2019). Digital readiness frameworks. Communications in Computer and Information Science, 1027, 503–514. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21451-7_43
  • Yerdelen Kaygın, C., & Kahramani Koç, A. (2023). Ödemeler Dengesi’nde taşımacılık faaliyetleri performansının CRITIC-ARAS ve WASPAS yöntemleriyle analizi: Türkiye örneği. Uluslararası İktisadi ve İdari İncelemeler Dergisi, 41, 263–282. https://doi.org/10.18092/ulikidince.1315800
  • Yıldırım, B. F. (2015). ARAS method in multi criteria decision making. Kafkas University Economics and Administrative Sciences Faculty The Journal of KAU IIBF, 6(9), 285–296.
  • Yoo, T., De Wysocki, M., & Cumberland, A. (2018). Country digital readiness: research to determine a country's digital readiness and key interventions. Cisco Corporate Affairs.
  • Zalite, G. G., & Zvirbule, A. (2020). Digital readiness and competitiveness of the EU higher education institutions: The COVID-19 pandemic impact. Emerging Science Journal, 4(4), 297–304. https://doi.org/10.28991/ESJ-2020-01232
  • Zavadskas, E. K., & Turskis, Z. (2010). A new additive ratio assessment (ARAS) method in multicriteria decision-making. Technological and Economic Development of Economy, 16(2), 159–172. https://doi.org/10.3846/TEDE.2010.10
  • Zhang, A., Hobman, E., Smith, D., & Guan Xinlong. (2019). Enabling a digital transformation in agriculture: A digital maturity index and assessment tool for the agricultural industry. Cotton Research and Development Corporation, Narrabri, NSW.
There are 55 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Business Administration, Public Sector Organisation and Management, Strategy, Management and Organization Education , Intercultural Labor Management, International Trade Organizations
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Ahmet Alp Özbalcı 0000-0002-9539-844X

Publication Date June 27, 2025
Submission Date October 22, 2024
Acceptance Date June 13, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 24 Issue: 52

Cite

APA Özbalcı, A. A. (2025). Türk Devletleri Teşkilatı’nın Dijital Dönüşümü: CRITIC ve ARAS ile Performans Analizi. İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 24(52), 293-332. https://doi.org/10.46928/iticusbe.1571555