Research Article

On the Claims of Ijmā‘ Regarding the Consultative Ijtihād Decisions of ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb

Volume: 2 Number: 3 December 29, 2025
EN TR

On the Claims of Ijmā‘ Regarding the Consultative Ijtihād Decisions of ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb

Abstract

This article aims to critically examine select collective ijtihād decisions made during the caliphate of ʿUmar, and to assess the validity of the claims of ijmāʿ associated with them. Drawing upon sources in both Islamic jurisprudence and historical literature, the study seeks to delineate the distinctions between ijmāʿ and collective ijtihād, and to shed light on the legal processes through which ʿUmar’s decisions were formed. ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb established a collective ijtihād mechanism in the fields of law and governance by grounding his administration on the principle of shūrā. The expansion of the Islamic state, the intensification of conquests, and the increasing complexity of the social and legal needs of society necessitated new solutions to emerging issues. Over time, some of the decisions made by ʿUmar during this process were retrospectively regarded as ijmāʿ. However, upon closer scrutiny of the decision-making procedures, it becomes evident that not all of these rulings can be deemed ijmāʿ in the strict, technical sense. In cases where disagreements existed among the members of the shūrā, later claims of ijmāʿ may have been advanced to reinforce the legitimacy or authoritative weight of such rulings.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Islamic Law

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

December 29, 2025

Submission Date

July 5, 2025

Acceptance Date

October 1, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 2 Number: 3

APA
Okumus, F. (2025). On the Claims of Ijmā‘ Regarding the Consultative Ijtihād Decisions of ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb. İtkan Akademik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 2(3), 152-167. https://izlik.org/JA29WH45MC
AMA
1.Okumus F. On the Claims of Ijmā‘ Regarding the Consultative Ijtihād Decisions of ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb. İtkan Akademik Araştırmalar Dergisi. 2025;2(3):152-167. https://izlik.org/JA29WH45MC
Chicago
Okumus, Fatih. 2025. “On the Claims of Ijmā‘ Regarding the Consultative Ijtihād Decisions of ʿUmar Ibn Al-Khaṭṭāb”. İtkan Akademik Araştırmalar Dergisi 2 (3): 152-67. https://izlik.org/JA29WH45MC.
EndNote
Okumus F (December 1, 2025) On the Claims of Ijmā‘ Regarding the Consultative Ijtihād Decisions of ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb. İtkan Akademik Araştırmalar Dergisi 2 3 152–167.
IEEE
[1]F. Okumus, “On the Claims of Ijmā‘ Regarding the Consultative Ijtihād Decisions of ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb”, İtkan Akademik Araştırmalar Dergisi, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 152–167, Dec. 2025, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA29WH45MC
ISNAD
Okumus, Fatih. “On the Claims of Ijmā‘ Regarding the Consultative Ijtihād Decisions of ʿUmar Ibn Al-Khaṭṭāb”. İtkan Akademik Araştırmalar Dergisi 2/3 (December 1, 2025): 152-167. https://izlik.org/JA29WH45MC.
JAMA
1.Okumus F. On the Claims of Ijmā‘ Regarding the Consultative Ijtihād Decisions of ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb. İtkan Akademik Araştırmalar Dergisi. 2025;2:152–167.
MLA
Okumus, Fatih. “On the Claims of Ijmā‘ Regarding the Consultative Ijtihād Decisions of ʿUmar Ibn Al-Khaṭṭāb”. İtkan Akademik Araştırmalar Dergisi, vol. 2, no. 3, Dec. 2025, pp. 152-67, https://izlik.org/JA29WH45MC.
Vancouver
1.Fatih Okumus. On the Claims of Ijmā‘ Regarding the Consultative Ijtihād Decisions of ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb. İtkan Akademik Araştırmalar Dergisi [Internet]. 2025 Dec. 1;2(3):152-67. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA29WH45MC