Eski Yunan ve Roma Dünyasında Şifacı Tanrıçalar ve Şifacı Kadınlar Arasındaki İlişki

Year 2019, Issue: 22, 55 - 74, 29.01.2020

Leyla Aydemir

https://doi.org/10.26650/anar.2019.22.643030

Abstract

Eski Yunan dünyasında MÖ 4. yüzyılın ortasından itibaren kadın şifacıların çalışmalarını onaylayan yazıtlar bulunmaktadır. MÖ 3. yüzyıldan itibaren kadın şifacıların mesleki kimlikleriyle özellikle yazıtlarda anılmaları, onlar hakkında daha detaylı fikir edinmemize yardımcı olmaktadır. Roma’da ise kadın şifacıların mesleki kimliklerine işaret eden epigrafik izlere MÖ 1. yüzyıldan itibaren ulaşılmaktadır. Kadın şifacılara yönelik kayıtların bu kadar az olması, onların Eski Yunan dünyasında MÖ 4. yüzyıldan, Roma’da MÖ 1. yüzyıldan itibaren şifacılık yaptıkları anlamına gelmemektedir. Daha erken dönem için kadın şifacıların varlığını ve çeşitli hastalıkları tedavi ettiklerini onaylayan, şifacı tanrıça metaforları bu bağlamda önem kazanmaktadır. Nitekim insanlar, kendi ihtiyaçları doğrultusunda yarattıkları birçok antropomorfik tanrı ve tanrıça formunda ideal insanı model almışlardır. Bu bağlamda insanların şifacı tanrıçaları yaratırken bilinen kadın şifacıları model aldıkları göz önünde bulundurulduğunda erken dönem Yunan-Roma dünyasındaki şifacı tanrıçalar üzerinden kadın şifacıların, sağaltmanın hangi alanlarında çalıştıklarını belirlemek mümkün olacaktır.

Keywords

Eski Yunan, Roma, Şifacı Kadınlar, Şifacı Tanrıçalar, Hastalık ve Tedaviler

The Relationship Between Healing Goddesses and Healing Women in the Ancient Greek and Roman World

Abstract

There are inscriptions in the ancient Greek World that have confirmed the work of female healers since the middle of the 4th century BC. Starting from the 3rd century BC, women’s healers’ mention of their professional identities, especially in the inscriptions, helps us to get more detailed ideas about them. In Rome, the epigraphic traces pointing to the professional identities of female healers have been found since the 1st century BC. The lack of the records of women healers does not mean they do healing since the 4th century BC in the ancient Greek-Roman World, but from the 1st century BC. Metaphors of the healer goddess confirms the existence of women healers and the treatment of various diseases in the earlier Greek and Roman worlds, gain importance. Indeed, people have used idealized human forms to create many anthropomorphic gods and goddesses in line with their needs. In this context, it should be taken into consideration that when people create healer goddesses, they model women healers that were known before. From this point of view, it will be possible to determine the areas in which the women healers were working through the healer goddesses of the early period of the Greek-Roman World.

Keywords

Ancient Greece, Rome, Healer Women, Healer Goddesses, Diseases and Treatments

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