Research Article
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Kün Aftare Settlements: First Reports on the Neolithization Process in the Northern Habur Valley

Year 2024, Issue: 31, 17 - 30, 14.01.2025
https://doi.org/10.26650/anar.2024.31.1425921

Abstract

The Neolithization process in southeastern Anatolia has been the subject of many studies over the years. However, these have primarily been concentrated around the Euphrates Basin and Tigris Valley. Meanwhile, recent studies in the Şanlıurfa region provide important information on the Neolithization process in the mountainous region between these two rivers. The 2023 Archaeological Survey of the Pleistocene and Early Holocene Period in the Artuklu, Kızıltepe, Yeşilli, and Nusaybin Districts of Mardin Province revealed many settlements dating to the Neolithic Period in the Northern Habur Valley. In this context, the settlements identified at Kün Aftare Mevkii in the Nusaybin District provide new information on the unique Neolithization process of the Northeastern Habur Valley, a key area to both southeastern Anatolia and northern Mesopotamia.

References

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  • Bar-Yosef, O., (1998). The Natufian Culture in the Levant, Threshold to the Origins of Agriculture. Evolutionary Anthropology, 6(5), 159-177. google scholar
  • Benz, M. K., Deckers-Rossner, C., Alexandrovskiy A., Pustovoytov, K., Scheeres, M., A. Fecher. A., Coskun, A., Riehl, S., Alt, K.W. & Özkaya, V. (2015). Prelude to Village Life. Environmental data and traditions of the Epipalaeolithic settlement at Körtik Tepe, Southeastern Turkey, Paleorient 41/2: 9-30. google scholar
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  • Childe, G. (1953). New Light on the Most Ancient Near East. New York: Routledge google scholar
  • Çiftçi, Y. (2022). Çemka Höyük, Late Epipaleolithic and PPNA Phase Housing Architecture. Near Eastern Archaeology, University of Chicago Press. 85, 12-24., Doi: 10.1086/718166 google scholar
  • Coqueugniot, E. (2009). Dja’de el Mughara (Syrie), Rapport Scientifique 2007. Archeorient, Maison de l’Orient et de la Mediterranee, Lyon. google scholar
  • Erim-Özdoğan, A. (2011). Çayönü. In: Özdogan M., Basgelen N., Kuniholm P. (Eds.),The Neolithic in Turkey (185- 269). 1, Istanbul: Archaeology & Art Publications. google scholar
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  • Goring-Morris, N. & Belfer-Cohen, A. (2014). The Neolithic in Southern Levant: Yet another ‘unique’ phenomenon. In: C. Manen - T. Perrin & J. Guilaine (Eds), Transition Neolithique en Meciterranee, (59-75). Errance, Paris. google scholar
  • Ibânez, J.J., (2008). Le Site Neolithiques de Tell Mureybet (Syrie du Nord). En Hommage a Jaques Cauvin. Oxford: British Archeological Report, International Series 1843. google scholar
  • Karadoğan, S. & Coşkunsu, G. (2013). Key Study Edge Karst Plain: Büyükdere Depresion and Geoarcheological Properties North Mardin. In: H. Korkmaz & A. Karataş (eds.), Ulusal Jeomorfoloji Sempozyumu (130-141), Hatay. google scholar
  • Kartal, M. (2009). Epi-paleolitik Dönem: Türkiye’de Son Avcı-Toplayıcılar. İstanbul: Arkeoloji ve Sanat Yayınları. google scholar
  • Kartal, M., Kartal, G., Coşkun, A., Carter, T., Şahin, F., and Özkaya, V. (2018). Chipped stone assemblages of Körtik Tepe (Turkey). Journal ofArchaeological Science: Reports 19, 92-99. google scholar
  • Karul, N. (2020). The Beginning of the Neolithic in Southeast Anatolia Upper Tigris Basin. Documenta Praehistorica XLVII: 76-95. google scholar
  • Karul, N. (2022). Karahantepe Çalışmalarına Genel Bir Bakış. Arkeoloji ve Sanat Dergisi 169, 1-8. google scholar
  • Kodaş, E. (2015). Diversites, Interactions et Contacts Culturels Dans Les Regions Montagneuses De La Mesopotamie : Un Autre Scenario De La Neolithisation Proche-Orientale. Presses Academiques Francophones, Sarrebruck, Allemagne. google scholar
  • Kodaş, E. (2019). Kuzey Mezopotamya’da PPNA ve PPNA-PPNB Geçiş Dönemi’ne tarihlenen ‘sembolik objelerin’ bölgesel dağılımı üzerine bazı gözlemler. Kültürel Çeşitlilik ve Yorumlanması, Arkeoloji ve Sanat Dergisi 161: 1-21. google scholar
  • Kodaş, E. & Çiftçi, Y. (2021). Public Buildings and Spatial Organization during the PrePottery Neolithic A Period: The Case of Boncuklu Tarla/SE Turkey: First Report. Istanbuler Mitteilungen (71), 47-70. google scholar
  • Kozlowski, S.K. & Kempisty, A. (1990). Architecture of the Pre-Pottery Neolithic settlement in Nemrik, Iraq. World Archaeology 21/3: 348-362. google scholar
  • Kuzucuoğlu, C. (2007). Climatic and environmental trends during the third millennium B.C. in Upper Mesopotamia. Varia Anatolica 19: 459-480. google scholar
  • Molist M. & Gomez-Bach A.. (2020) Le Pre-Pottery neolithic A. In: M. Sauvage (ed), Atlas historique du Proche-orient ancien,(22). Paris: Les Belles Lettres. google scholar
  • Nadel, D., (1991). Ohalo 11-Thethird Season. Mitekufat Haeven, 23, 48- 59. google scholar
  • Nadel, D., Carmi, I., & Sega, D., (1995). Radiocarbon Dating of Ohalo II: Archaeological and Methodological Implications. Journal of Archaeological Science, 22, 811-822. google scholar
  • Neuville, R. (1951). Le Paleolithique et Le Mesolithique de Desert de Judee. Archives de L’Institut de Paleontologie Humaine Memoire 24, Paris. google scholar
  • Nishiaki, Y. (1992). Preliminary results of the Prehistoric Survey in the Khabur Basin, Syria: 1990-91 Seasons. Paleorient 18/1, 97-102. google scholar
  • Nishiaki, Y. (2000). The Palaeolithic and Neolithic industries from the prehistoric survey in the Khabur basin. In: B. Lyonnet (ed.), Prospection Archeologique du Haut-Khabur Occidental (Syrie du N.E.), Bibliotheque Archeologique et Historique I (77-124). Beyrouth. google scholar
  • Ökse, T. (2021). Ambar Dam Salvage Excavations 2018-2020: Ambar Höyük, Gre Filla ans Kendale Hecala. The Arceaology of Anatolia, Volum IV, 4-20. google scholar
  • Özdoğan, E. & Uludağ, C. (2022). Sayburç. Şanlıurfa’da Yeni Bir Çanak-Çömleksiz Neolitik Dönem Yerleşimi. Arkeoloji ve Sanat Dergisi 169, 9-24. google scholar
  • Özdoğan, M. (1999). The Transition from Sedentary Hunter Gatherers to Agricultural Villages in Anatolia - Some Considerations. A. Dinçol (ed.), Çağlar Boyunca Anadolu’da Yerleşim ve Konut Uluslararası Sempozyumu (311-19). İstanbul: Ege Yayınları. google scholar
  • Özdoğan, M. (2014). The Quest for New Criteria in Defining the Emergence and the Dispersal of Neolithic Way of Life, In: C. Manen, T. Perrin and J. Guilaine (eds), TransitionNeolithique enMediterranee, (5975). Editions Errance, Paris. google scholar
  • Özkaya, V. & Coşkun, A. (2011). Körtik Tepe. In: Özdogan M., Basgelen N., Kuniholm P. (Eds.), The Neolithic in Turkey (89-127), Volume 1, Istanbul: Archaeology & Art Publications. google scholar
  • Rosenberg, M. (2011a). Hallan Çemi, In: M. Özdoğan, N. Başgelen & P. Kuniholm (Eds), Neolithic in Turkey, The Tigris Basin, (61-78). Istanbul.: Archaeology and Art Publications. google scholar
  • Rosenberg, M. (2011b). Demirköy, In: M. Özdoğan, N. Başgelen & P. Kuniholm (Eds), Neolithic in Turkey 1. The Tigris Basin, (79-87). Istanbul: Archaeology and Art Publications. google scholar
  • Şahin, F. & Uludağ, C. (2023) Çakmaktepe Kazısı 2021 yılı Sezon Çalışmaları. 42. Kazı Sonuçları Toplantısı, 339-356. google scholar
  • Sanlaville, P. (1997). Les Changements dans l’environnement au Moyen-Orient de 20 000 BP a 6 000 BP, Paleorient, 23/2: 249-262. google scholar
  • Schmidt, K. (2012). Göbekli Tepe a Stone Age sanctuary in South-Eastern Anatolia. ArchaeNova; First Edition edition. Berlin. google scholar
  • Solecki, L.R. (1980). An early village site at Zawi Chemi Shanidar. Undena Publications, Malibu. google scholar
  • Solecki, R.F. (1971). Shanidar, The First Flower People. Knopf; 1st edition, New York. google scholar
  • Stordeur, D. (2014). Jerf el Ahmar entre 9500 et 8700 av. J.-C. Un village des debuts de l’agriculture. Une societe complexe. In: Manen C. Perrin T. & Guilaine J. (eds.), La Transition Neolithique en Meciterranee, ou comment des chasseurs devinrent agriculteurs (27-41). Paris: Errance. google scholar
  • Watkins, T. (1987). Qermez Dere, Tell Afar, Interim Report No 1, Project Paper 2. Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh, Department of Archaeology. google scholar
  • Watkins, T. (2020). Monumentality in Neolithic of southwest Asia: making memory in time and Space. In : Gebauer A., Sorensen L., Teather A. & De Valera A. (eds), Monumentalising Life in the Neolithic: Narratives of Change anc Continuity (19-27). Oxbow Books. google scholar
  • Wick, L., Lemcke, G. & Sturm, M. (2003). Evidence of Late Glacial and Holocene climatic change and human impact in eastern Anatolia: high-resolution pollen, char- coal, isotopic and geochemical records from the laminated sediments of Lake Van, Turkey, The Holocene 13: 665-675. google scholar
  • Yartah, T. (2013). Vie quotidienne, vie communautaire et symbolique a TellAbr 3 -Syrie duNord Donnees et Nouvelles refletions sur l’horizon PPNA au Nord du Levant 10 000-9 000 BP. Lyon, Üniversite de Lyon 2. (Doctoral dissertation) (Lyon 2013). google scholar
Year 2024, Issue: 31, 17 - 30, 14.01.2025
https://doi.org/10.26650/anar.2024.31.1425921

Abstract

References

  • Aurenche, O. & Kozlowski, S.K. (2005). Territories, boundaries and cultures in the Neolithic Near East. BAR International Series 1362. Oxford: Archaeopress. google scholar
  • Bar-Yosef, O., (1998). The Natufian Culture in the Levant, Threshold to the Origins of Agriculture. Evolutionary Anthropology, 6(5), 159-177. google scholar
  • Benz, M. K., Deckers-Rossner, C., Alexandrovskiy A., Pustovoytov, K., Scheeres, M., A. Fecher. A., Coskun, A., Riehl, S., Alt, K.W. & Özkaya, V. (2015). Prelude to Village Life. Environmental data and traditions of the Epipalaeolithic settlement at Körtik Tepe, Southeastern Turkey, Paleorient 41/2: 9-30. google scholar
  • Byrd, B.F., (2002). Households in Transition Neolithic Social Organization within Southwest Asia, In: Ian Kuijt (Ed), Life in Neolithic Farming Communities Social Organization, Identity, and Differentiation. New York: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 63-92. google scholar
  • Cauvin, J. (1977). Les Fouilles de Mureybet (1971-1974) et Leur Signification Pour Les Origines de la Sedentarisation au Proche-Orient. Annuals of the American School of OrientalResearch, 44, 19-48. google scholar
  • Cauvin, J. (1997). Naissance des divinites. Naissance de l’agriculture. Paris: CNRS Editions. google scholar
  • Çelik, B. (2014). Difference and Similarities between the settlements in Şanlıurfa region where T shapped pilliars are discovered. Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi Arkeoloji dergisi. 17, 9-23. google scholar
  • Childe, G. (1953). New Light on the Most Ancient Near East. New York: Routledge google scholar
  • Çiftçi, Y. (2022). Çemka Höyük, Late Epipaleolithic and PPNA Phase Housing Architecture. Near Eastern Archaeology, University of Chicago Press. 85, 12-24., Doi: 10.1086/718166 google scholar
  • Coqueugniot, E. (2009). Dja’de el Mughara (Syrie), Rapport Scientifique 2007. Archeorient, Maison de l’Orient et de la Mediterranee, Lyon. google scholar
  • Erim-Özdoğan, A. (2011). Çayönü. In: Özdogan M., Basgelen N., Kuniholm P. (Eds.),The Neolithic in Turkey (185- 269). 1, Istanbul: Archaeology & Art Publications. google scholar
  • Garrod, D.A.E & Bate, D.M. (1937). The Stone Age ofMount Carmel, Oxford. google scholar
  • Goring-Morris, N. & Belfer-Cohen, A. (2014). The Neolithic in Southern Levant: Yet another ‘unique’ phenomenon. In: C. Manen - T. Perrin & J. Guilaine (Eds), Transition Neolithique en Meciterranee, (59-75). Errance, Paris. google scholar
  • Ibânez, J.J., (2008). Le Site Neolithiques de Tell Mureybet (Syrie du Nord). En Hommage a Jaques Cauvin. Oxford: British Archeological Report, International Series 1843. google scholar
  • Karadoğan, S. & Coşkunsu, G. (2013). Key Study Edge Karst Plain: Büyükdere Depresion and Geoarcheological Properties North Mardin. In: H. Korkmaz & A. Karataş (eds.), Ulusal Jeomorfoloji Sempozyumu (130-141), Hatay. google scholar
  • Kartal, M. (2009). Epi-paleolitik Dönem: Türkiye’de Son Avcı-Toplayıcılar. İstanbul: Arkeoloji ve Sanat Yayınları. google scholar
  • Kartal, M., Kartal, G., Coşkun, A., Carter, T., Şahin, F., and Özkaya, V. (2018). Chipped stone assemblages of Körtik Tepe (Turkey). Journal ofArchaeological Science: Reports 19, 92-99. google scholar
  • Karul, N. (2020). The Beginning of the Neolithic in Southeast Anatolia Upper Tigris Basin. Documenta Praehistorica XLVII: 76-95. google scholar
  • Karul, N. (2022). Karahantepe Çalışmalarına Genel Bir Bakış. Arkeoloji ve Sanat Dergisi 169, 1-8. google scholar
  • Kodaş, E. (2015). Diversites, Interactions et Contacts Culturels Dans Les Regions Montagneuses De La Mesopotamie : Un Autre Scenario De La Neolithisation Proche-Orientale. Presses Academiques Francophones, Sarrebruck, Allemagne. google scholar
  • Kodaş, E. (2019). Kuzey Mezopotamya’da PPNA ve PPNA-PPNB Geçiş Dönemi’ne tarihlenen ‘sembolik objelerin’ bölgesel dağılımı üzerine bazı gözlemler. Kültürel Çeşitlilik ve Yorumlanması, Arkeoloji ve Sanat Dergisi 161: 1-21. google scholar
  • Kodaş, E. & Çiftçi, Y. (2021). Public Buildings and Spatial Organization during the PrePottery Neolithic A Period: The Case of Boncuklu Tarla/SE Turkey: First Report. Istanbuler Mitteilungen (71), 47-70. google scholar
  • Kozlowski, S.K. & Kempisty, A. (1990). Architecture of the Pre-Pottery Neolithic settlement in Nemrik, Iraq. World Archaeology 21/3: 348-362. google scholar
  • Kuzucuoğlu, C. (2007). Climatic and environmental trends during the third millennium B.C. in Upper Mesopotamia. Varia Anatolica 19: 459-480. google scholar
  • Molist M. & Gomez-Bach A.. (2020) Le Pre-Pottery neolithic A. In: M. Sauvage (ed), Atlas historique du Proche-orient ancien,(22). Paris: Les Belles Lettres. google scholar
  • Nadel, D., (1991). Ohalo 11-Thethird Season. Mitekufat Haeven, 23, 48- 59. google scholar
  • Nadel, D., Carmi, I., & Sega, D., (1995). Radiocarbon Dating of Ohalo II: Archaeological and Methodological Implications. Journal of Archaeological Science, 22, 811-822. google scholar
  • Neuville, R. (1951). Le Paleolithique et Le Mesolithique de Desert de Judee. Archives de L’Institut de Paleontologie Humaine Memoire 24, Paris. google scholar
  • Nishiaki, Y. (1992). Preliminary results of the Prehistoric Survey in the Khabur Basin, Syria: 1990-91 Seasons. Paleorient 18/1, 97-102. google scholar
  • Nishiaki, Y. (2000). The Palaeolithic and Neolithic industries from the prehistoric survey in the Khabur basin. In: B. Lyonnet (ed.), Prospection Archeologique du Haut-Khabur Occidental (Syrie du N.E.), Bibliotheque Archeologique et Historique I (77-124). Beyrouth. google scholar
  • Ökse, T. (2021). Ambar Dam Salvage Excavations 2018-2020: Ambar Höyük, Gre Filla ans Kendale Hecala. The Arceaology of Anatolia, Volum IV, 4-20. google scholar
  • Özdoğan, E. & Uludağ, C. (2022). Sayburç. Şanlıurfa’da Yeni Bir Çanak-Çömleksiz Neolitik Dönem Yerleşimi. Arkeoloji ve Sanat Dergisi 169, 9-24. google scholar
  • Özdoğan, M. (1999). The Transition from Sedentary Hunter Gatherers to Agricultural Villages in Anatolia - Some Considerations. A. Dinçol (ed.), Çağlar Boyunca Anadolu’da Yerleşim ve Konut Uluslararası Sempozyumu (311-19). İstanbul: Ege Yayınları. google scholar
  • Özdoğan, M. (2014). The Quest for New Criteria in Defining the Emergence and the Dispersal of Neolithic Way of Life, In: C. Manen, T. Perrin and J. Guilaine (eds), TransitionNeolithique enMediterranee, (5975). Editions Errance, Paris. google scholar
  • Özkaya, V. & Coşkun, A. (2011). Körtik Tepe. In: Özdogan M., Basgelen N., Kuniholm P. (Eds.), The Neolithic in Turkey (89-127), Volume 1, Istanbul: Archaeology & Art Publications. google scholar
  • Rosenberg, M. (2011a). Hallan Çemi, In: M. Özdoğan, N. Başgelen & P. Kuniholm (Eds), Neolithic in Turkey, The Tigris Basin, (61-78). Istanbul.: Archaeology and Art Publications. google scholar
  • Rosenberg, M. (2011b). Demirköy, In: M. Özdoğan, N. Başgelen & P. Kuniholm (Eds), Neolithic in Turkey 1. The Tigris Basin, (79-87). Istanbul: Archaeology and Art Publications. google scholar
  • Şahin, F. & Uludağ, C. (2023) Çakmaktepe Kazısı 2021 yılı Sezon Çalışmaları. 42. Kazı Sonuçları Toplantısı, 339-356. google scholar
  • Sanlaville, P. (1997). Les Changements dans l’environnement au Moyen-Orient de 20 000 BP a 6 000 BP, Paleorient, 23/2: 249-262. google scholar
  • Schmidt, K. (2012). Göbekli Tepe a Stone Age sanctuary in South-Eastern Anatolia. ArchaeNova; First Edition edition. Berlin. google scholar
  • Solecki, L.R. (1980). An early village site at Zawi Chemi Shanidar. Undena Publications, Malibu. google scholar
  • Solecki, R.F. (1971). Shanidar, The First Flower People. Knopf; 1st edition, New York. google scholar
  • Stordeur, D. (2014). Jerf el Ahmar entre 9500 et 8700 av. J.-C. Un village des debuts de l’agriculture. Une societe complexe. In: Manen C. Perrin T. & Guilaine J. (eds.), La Transition Neolithique en Meciterranee, ou comment des chasseurs devinrent agriculteurs (27-41). Paris: Errance. google scholar
  • Watkins, T. (1987). Qermez Dere, Tell Afar, Interim Report No 1, Project Paper 2. Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh, Department of Archaeology. google scholar
  • Watkins, T. (2020). Monumentality in Neolithic of southwest Asia: making memory in time and Space. In : Gebauer A., Sorensen L., Teather A. & De Valera A. (eds), Monumentalising Life in the Neolithic: Narratives of Change anc Continuity (19-27). Oxbow Books. google scholar
  • Wick, L., Lemcke, G. & Sturm, M. (2003). Evidence of Late Glacial and Holocene climatic change and human impact in eastern Anatolia: high-resolution pollen, char- coal, isotopic and geochemical records from the laminated sediments of Lake Van, Turkey, The Holocene 13: 665-675. google scholar
  • Yartah, T. (2013). Vie quotidienne, vie communautaire et symbolique a TellAbr 3 -Syrie duNord Donnees et Nouvelles refletions sur l’horizon PPNA au Nord du Levant 10 000-9 000 BP. Lyon, Üniversite de Lyon 2. (Doctoral dissertation) (Lyon 2013). google scholar
There are 47 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Archaeological Science, Neolithic Age Archeology
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Ergül Kodaş 0000-0001-8340-5828

Yunus Çiftçi 0000-0001-5547-7613

Bahattin İpek 0000-0003-4380-9283

Mehmet Şan 0000-0002-4589-5851

Onur Dinç 0000-0002-1779-9328

Devrim Hasan Menteşe 0000-0001-9934-3991

Publication Date January 14, 2025
Submission Date January 25, 2024
Acceptance Date November 1, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Issue: 31

Cite

APA Kodaş, E., Çiftçi, Y., İpek, B., Şan, M., et al. (2025). Kün Aftare Settlements: First Reports on the Neolithization Process in the Northern Habur Valley. Anatolian Research(31), 17-30. https://doi.org/10.26650/anar.2024.31.1425921

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