Rölikler Kültünde Şifanın Tatlı Kokusu Üzerine: Parfümlü Yağ Kandilleri, Kutsal myron ve Myroblût Azizler

Year 2023, , 58 - 120, 31.07.2023

Lale Doğer , Ceylan Borstlap

https://doi.org/10.26650/artsanat.2023.20.1292811

Abstract

Azizler kültünün bir ögesi olarak ortaya çıkan koku, kutsal tedavi merkezlerinde Bizans şifa uygulamaları, cenaze litürjisi, adventus seremonilerinde kiliselerde altarın kutsanması gibi bazı dinî ritüeller içinde yer almaktadır. Rölikler ile koku arasındaki ilişkide olağan organik maddelerle olağanüstü teröpatik reçeteler sunan şifacı-azizler büyük rol oynamaktadır. Mucizevi şifa kaynağı azizler, Erken Bizans Dönemi’nden itibaren tüm Byzantium coğrafyasında hagios topos hâline gelen merkezlerde sağlık hizmeti vermiştir. Semavi tedavi, kutsal sular agiasmós (ayazma) ile mesh olunarak ya da kutsal lütuflar myron (μύρον), hnānā, toprak ve merhemlerin vücuda sürülmesiyle gerçekleştirilmiş; kutsal alanlarda geceleyerek inkübasyon ve apomyrizo (ἀπομυρίζω) gibi yöntemler uygulanmıştır. Bu makalede eulogia kült unsurlarıyla birlikte, sağaltıcı rölikleri koklama ve yayılan kokusuyla şifa bulma olgusu çalışılmıştır. Geç Roma-Bizans Dönemi Yunanca terminolojisi üzerinden ele alınan mucize koleksiyonları (martyrologium) içinde kullanılan kokulu yağlara dair tanımlar araştırılmış; kokulu rölikler için kullanılan rölikerler ve dinî mimaride kültün bir parçası olarak asılan yağ kandillerinin fonksiyonu değerlendirilmiştir. Kutsal ve hagiografik metinlerde kokulu merhem anlamına gelen myron kelimesi etimolojik olarak incelenmiş; myroblût (μυροβλύτης) azizlere, myron kelimesinin Türkçe çevirilerine ve anlamına açıklık getirmek istenmiştir. Koku işlevlerine göre zaman-mekânsal özelliklerine bağlı olarak kutsal yağların sınıflandırması yapılmış ve kokunun ikonografisi tanımlanmıştır.

Keywords

Myron, Myroblût azizler, Rölik, Kandil yağı, Koku, Apomyrizo, Bizans, Hristiyanlık

On the Sweet Fragrance of Healing in the Cult of Relics: Scented Oil Lamps, Holy myron and Myroblytes Saints

Abstract

The fragrance, which emerged as an important element of the cult of saints, takes its place in religious rites in the Byzantine healing practices of sacred centers, funeral traditions and adventus ceremonies such as the consecration of an altar in the church. The physician-saints, who offer extraordinary therapeutic prescriptions with ordinary organic substances, play a major role in the relationship between relics and scent. As a source of miraculous healing, the saints have provided health services in the centers that have become hagios topos in the Byzantium geography since the Early Byzantine Period. The heavenly treatment was realized by anointing with holy waters agiasmós (ayazma) or rubbing by sacred blessings such as myron (μύρον), balsam, hnānā, soil and ointments; staying overnight in the sanctuaries for incubation and methods such as apomyrizo (ἀπομυρίζω) have been applied. The article evaluates with eulogia the cult-related elements, the phenomenon of smelling the therapeutic relics and finding healing with its spreading scent has been studied. The descriptions of the scented oils have been investigated in the miracle collections (martyrologium) handled through the Greek terminology of the Late Roman-Byzantine Period; by extension, the reliquaries used for scented relics and the oil lamps used as a part of a cult in the religious architecture has been examined. The word myron, which means ‘fragrant ointment’, has been etymologically studied in scriptures and hagiographic texts; was aimed to clarify the myroblytes (μυροβλύτης) saints, the meaning, and the Turkish translations of the word myron. According to the functions of scent, the classification of holy oils based on their time-spatial properties and the iconography of the fragrance have been defined.

Keywords

Myron, Myroblytes saints, Relic, Lamp oil, Scent, Apomyrizo, Byzantine, Christianity

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