The Unveiling Campaign in Uzbekistan and Its Local Support

Öz

In the early Soviet Union, Tajik and Uzbek women in Central Asia traditionally wore garments called Paranji and Chachvon, which completely covered their heads and bodies. One of the Bolsheviks’ policies in the region was the liberation of women, including efforts to modernize them by removing the paranji. The Hujum campaign, aimed at removing women’s paranji, was officially launched on March 8, 1927. However, many women who removed their paranji were killed or subjected to violence by locals. It is a matter of debate among scholars whether this violence was a reaction by the local population against Soviet policies or whether it reflected internal conflicts among Uzbeks. While not all locals supported the campaign, people who defended traditionalism opposed this campaign and tried to prevent women from removing their paranji. However, some locals supported efforts to modernize women’s roles. This study addresses the Hujum campaign and different scholarly perspectives on it, analyzing the writings of some locals and the essays written mostly by female activists in the Yangi Yo’l journal between 1926 and 1934. By exploring these sources, the study demonstrates that, despite the opposition, there were also some female activists and locals who supported the Hujum campaign and sought reform.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Hujum/ The Assault campaign
• Yangi Yo’l Journal
• Woman
• Central Asia
• Uzbekistan

Özbekistan’da Kadınların Çarşaflarını Çıkarma Politikası ve Bu Politikaya Yerel Desteğin İncelenmesi

Öz

Sovyetler Birliğinin kurulduğu yıllarda Orta Asya’da, genelde Tacik ve Özbek kadınları, başlarını ve vücutlarını tamamen örten, paranji ve chachvon olarak adlandırılan kıyafet giymekteydiler. Sovyetler birliğinin kurulmasıyla bölgede aktif siyaset yürüten Bolşeviklerin bölge ile ilgili politikalarından birisi de kadınların paranjilerinin çıkartılması ile ilgili olan Hujum kampanyasıdır. Resmi olarak 8 Mart 1927’de başlatılan kampanya neticesinde, paranjilerini çıkartan pek çok kadın yerel halk tarafından şiddete maruz kalmış ya da öldürülmüştür. Sovyetlerin Hujum kampanyasının yanı sıra, kadınlara karşı yapılan bu şiddet akademisyenler arasında incelenmiş, özellikle bu şiddetin Sovyetlerin politikalarına karşı yerel halkın tepkisi mi yoksa yenileşme taraftarı Özbeklerin geleneksel Özbeklerle mi çatıştığı akademisyenler arasında fikir ayrışımlarına sebep olmuştur. Özellikle eski sistemde devam etmek isteyen, gelenekselliği savunan kimseler hujum kampanyasına karşı çıkmış ve kadınların paranjilerini çıkartmaması için çabalamıştır. Ama bu durum yerel halkın tamamının kampanyaya karşı olduğu anlamına gelmez. Hujum kampanyasını destekleyen halktan kimseler de bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışma hujum kampanyasını destekleyen ve reform isteyen kadın aktivistler basta olmak üzere paranji çıkartma kampanyasına destek verenlerin yazılarını inceleyecektir. Bu amaçla bu çalışmada hujum kampanyası ve bununla ilgili akademisyenlerin farklı görüşlerine değinilecek ve yerel halktan kimselerin yazdığı kadınların özgürleştirilmesi ile ilgili yazıları ve 1926-34 yılları arasında yayınlanan, çoğunlukla kadın aktivistler tarafından yazılan Yangi Yo’l dergisinin yazıları analiz edilecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Hujum Kampanyası
• Yangi Yo’l Dergisi
• Kadın
• Orta Asya
• Özbekistan

Kaynakça

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