Mültecilerin Temel Hizmetlere Erişiminde İletişim Engelleri ve Mülteci Çevirmenliğinde İyi Uygulama Pratikleri

Year 2024, Issue: 21, 84 - 99, 18.12.2024

Gülfer Tunalı , Olcay Şener Erkırtay

https://doi.org/10.26650/iujts.2024.1562645

Abstract

İnsanların çoğunluğu iş, eğitim veya aile birleşmesi nedeniyle uluslararası sınırları aşarak göç edebileceği gibi, savaş, şiddet, zulüm gibi çok daha trajik nedenlerle de ülkelerinden ayrılmak zorunda kalabilmekte ve ulaştıkları ülkede mülteci olarak yardım ve desteğe ihtiyaç duyabilmektedir. Türkiye de en çok mülteciye ev sahipliği yapan ülkelerden biridir. Türkiye’de yaşayan mültecilere eğitim, sağlık ve mahkeme gibi alanlarda erişim hakkı tanınmış olmasına rağmen, yapılan araştırmalarda mültecilerin dil engelleri sebebiyle temel hizmetlere erişimde çeşitli sıkıntılar yaşadığı ortaya konulmaktadır. Bundan hareketle bu çalışmanın amacı, Avrupa’da mültecilerin çeviri aracılığıyla kaliteli temel hizmetlere erişimini kolaylaştıran iyi uygulama örneğini tartışarak toplumsal yenilik odaklı bir çerçeve geliştirmek ve Türkiye’de toplumsal yenilik girişimlerini teşvik etmektir. Toplam 128 akademik makale, rapor, proje sonucu, vaka doküman ve iyi uygulama bütüncesinin incelendiği çalışma iki aşamadan oluşmaktadır. Birinci aşamada çalışma amacına uygun olarak öncelikle mültecilerin Avrupa’da eğitim, sağlık, iltica ve adli yardım alanlarında karşılaştığı zorluklar tespit edilmiştir. Mültecilerin en çok bilgiye erişim, nitelikli çevirmenin erişilebilirliği ve iş birliği konusunda zorluklarla karşılaştığı ortaya çıkmıştır. İkinci aşamada, bu zorlukları ve genel iyi uygulama kriterlerini temel alarak mülteci çevirmenliği alanında iyi uygulama değerlendirme ölçütleri oluşturulmuştur ve Avrupa’da sunulan çözümler iyi uygulama örnekleri olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Bu bağlamda ‘Migrant-Friendly Hospitals’ projesi iyi uygulama örneği olarak sunulmuştur. Çalışma, iyi uygulamaların yerel bağlamda nasıl değerlendirilebileceğine ve uyarlanabileceğine dair ölçütler ve stratejiler önererek kapsayıcı bir bakış açısını kazandırmayı hedeflemektedir.

Keywords

Mülteciler, çok dillilik, temel hizmetlere erişim, toplum çevirmenliği, mülteci çevirmenliği

Communication Barriers in Refugees’ Access to Public Services and Good Practices in Refugee Interpreting

Abstract

While people may migrate internationally for reasons such as work, education, or family reunification, many are forced to leave their countries due to much more tragic reasons, such as war, violence, and persecution, and may require assistance and support as refugees in the countries they reach. Türkiye is one of the countries hosting the highest number of refugees. Although refugees in Türkiye are granted access to services in education, healthcare, and legal fields, research has shown that they face challenges in accessing public services due to language barriers. Based on this, this study aims at developing a framework focused on social innovation by discussing a good practise example that facilitates refugees’ access to quality public services through translation and interpreting in Europe, and to promote social innovation initiatives in Türkiye. The study, which examines 128 academic articles, reports, project results, case documents, and good practise corpus, consists of two phases. In the first phase of the research, in accordance with the study’s objective, the challenges faced by refugees in the areas of education, healthcare, asylum procedure and legal aid in Europe were identified. It was revealed that refugees face significant challenges in accessing information, finding qualified interpreters, and collaborating with interpreters. In the second phase, based on the challenges identified and general good practise criteria, the evaluation criteria for good practises were set, and the solutions offered in Europe were evaluated as good practises. In this regard, the ‘Migrant-Friendly Hospitals’ project was presented as an example of good practise. The study offers an inclusive perspective by proposing criteria and strategies on how to evaluate and adapt good practises to the local context.

Keywords

Refugees, multilingualism, access to public services, community interpreting, refugee interpreting

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