Türkiye’de Dördüncü Sanayi Devrimini Beklerken: Çerkezköy Organize Sanayi Bölgesi’nde Bir Araştırma

Year 2018, Volume: 29 Issue: 85, 73 - 106, 25.01.2019

Davuthan Günaydın

Abstract

Bu çalışmada Dördüncü Sanayi Devrimi olarak adlandırılan yeni teknolojik gelişmelerin Türkiye’de emek piyasaları
üzerinde beklenen etkileri araştırılmaktadır. Dördüncü Sanayi Devrimi ya da başka bir ifade ile Endüstri 4.0, kapitalist
üretim sisteminin son evrimidir. İlk kez Honnever fuarında dile getirilen kavram nesnelerin interneti” “ büyük veri”
ve “siber-fiziksel sistem” gibi gelişmeler vasıtasıyla emeksiz ya da asgari emek gücüyle üretimi mümkün kılan yeni bir
üretim sisteminden bahsedilmekte, emeğin makineler ile ikamesinin sınırları zorlanmaktadır. Dördüncü Sanayi Devrimi
yeni teknolojileri kullanabilen, yüksek vasıflı ve eğitimli işgücüne odaklanmaktadır. Devrimin sürükleyici gücü olarak
görülen, özellikle yazılım ve mekanik bilgisi yüksek elit işgücü yeni dönemde rekabet üstünlüğünün temel koşulu olarak
görülmektedir.

Keywords

Dördüncü sanayi devrimi, Endüstri 4.0, Sanayi devrimi, İşgücü piyasası

While Waiting for Fourth Industrial Revolution in Turkey: A Case Study in Çerkezköy Organized Industrial Zone

Abstract

Keywords

Fourth industrial revolution, Industry 4.0, Turkey, Industrial revolution, Labour market

References

• Acemoğlu, D. (2017). Will Robots Take Our Jobs? TNIT News,17.
• Acemoğlu, D., & Autor, D. (2011). Skill, Task and Technologies: Implication for Employment and Earnings. handbook of Labour Economics,4. içinde
• Acemoğlu, D., & Restrepo, P. (2016). The Race Between Machine and Man: Implications of Technology for Growth, Factor Shares and Employment.
• Acemoğlu, D., & Restrepo, p. (2017). Robots and Jobs: Evidence from US Labor.
• ADB ve WEF. (2017). ASEAN 4.0: What does the Fourth Industrial Revolution Mean for Regional Economic Integration? World Economic Forum ve Asian Development Bank.
• Akgündüz, D., Aydeniz , M., Çakmakçı, G., Çavaş, B., Çorlu, M., Öner, T., et al. (2015). STEM Eğitimi Türkiye Raporu: Günün Modası mı Yoksa Gereksinim mi? İstanbul: İstanbul Aydın Üniversitesi.
• Arntz, M., Gregory, T., & Zierahn, U. (2016). The Risk of Automation for Jobs in OECD Countries: A Comparative Analysis. OECD Publishing, Paris: OECD Sosial, Employment and Migration Working Papers NO. 189.
• Autor, D. H. (2015). Why Are There Still So Many Jobs? The History and Future of Workplace Automation. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 29(3), s. 3-30.
• Autor, D. H., Levly, F., & Murnane, R. J. (2003). The Skill Content of Recent Technological Change: An Empirical Exploration. The Quarterly Journal of Economics,, vol. 118, no. 4, s. 1279-1333.
• Barevyan, L. (2015). Industry 4.0: Summary Report. DLG-Expert Report 5/2015.
• Başkale, H. (2016). Nitel Araştırmalarda Geçerlik, Güvenirlik ve Örneklem Büyüklüğünün Belirlenmesi. DEUHFED 9 (1), s. 23-28.
• Bessen, J. (2015). Toil and Technology. Finance and Development, 52(1).
• Brynjolfsson, E., & Andrew McAfee. (2011). Race Against the Machine : How the Digital Revolution is Accelerating Innovation, Driving productivity, and Irreversibly Transforming.
• Calzadilla-Sarmiento, B. (2016). UNIDO. Indutry 4.0: Opportunities and Challenges of the New Industrial Revolution for Developing Countries and Economies in Transiti. United Nation Industrial Development Organization.
• CGI. (2017). Industry 4.0 Making Your Business More Competitive.
• Chui, M., Manyika, J., & Miremadi, M. (2017). The Countries Most (and Least) Likely to be Affected by Automation. Harvard Business Review.
• CITI. (2016). Technology at Work v2.0: The Future is Not What it Used to Be. Citigroup.
• Deloitte. (2015). Industry 4.0. Challenges and Solutions for the Digital Transformation and use of Exponential Technologies. Deloitte.
• Europen Parliament. (2016). Industry 4.0. Brussels: European Parliament’s Committee on Industry. Eurostat. (2017). http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/submitViewTableAction.do (15.02.2018)
• Fery, C. B., & Osborne, M. A. (2013). The Future of Employment: How Susceptible are Jobs to Computerisation?http://www.oxfordmartin.ox.ac.uk/downloads/academic/The_Future_of_ Employment.pdf (10.12.2017)
• Gemma, J. (2017). Efficiency and the Labor Market. Robotlution. Caba: Inter-American Development Bank.
• Gimpel, H. (2015). Interview with Thomas W. Malone on ‘‘Collective Intelligence,Climate Change, and the Future of Work’’. Bus Inf Syst Eng 57(4), s. 275-278.
• Gregory, A. M., Lehmer, T., Matthes, B., & Zierahn, U. (2017). Technology and Jobs in the Fourth Industrial revolution.
• Henniing M. (2017). Understanding the Digital Revolution. https://www.socialeurope.eu/wpcontent/ uploads/2017/07/Will-Robots-Take-Your-Job.pdf (22.2.2018)
• Hodgson, J. (1972). The Future of Work. Review of Social Economy, Vol. 30, (No. 2, Special Issue: Reconstructing the Order and the world of Work), s. 257-262.
• ILO. (2016). The Future of Work: The Meaning and Value of Work in Europe. International Labour Office.
• IRF. (2017). World Robotics 2017 Industrial Robots. International Federation of Robotics. Jesuthasan, R. (2017). “HR’s New Role: Rethinking and Enabling Digital Engagement”. Strategic HR Review, Vol. 16. Issue:2, s. 60-65.
• Jun, T. (2017). Robotlution: The Future of Work in Latin American İntegration 4.0 . Caba: İnter- Amerikan Development Bank .
• Kozak, M. (2017). Bilimsel Araştırma: Tasarım, Yazım ve Yayım Teknikleri. Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık. McGowan, M. A., & Andrews , D. (2015). Skill Mismatchand Public Policy in OECD Countries. OECD.
• Mckinsley Global Institute. (2017). A Future that Works: Automation, Employment, and Productivity. Mckinsley Global Institute.
• Morgan, J. (2014). The Future of Work. New Jersey: Wiley.
• Nübler, I. (2016). New Technologies: A Jobless Future or a Golden Age of Job Creation? Geneva: International Labour Office.
• Özen, E. N. (2017). Bilgisayarlı Otomasyon ve Türkiye’de İşgücü Pyasasının Geleceği. Tepav.
• Özsoy, C. E. (2015). Mesleki Eğitim-İstihdam İlşikisi: Türkiye›de Mesleki Eğitimin Kalite ve Kantitesi Üzerine Düşünceler. Electronic Journal of Vocational Colleges. UMYOS Özel Sayısı.
• Pages, C., & Ripani, L. (2017). Employment in the Fourth Industrial Revolution.
• Parlak, Z. (2010). Yeni Uluslararası İşbölümü Yaklaşımının Eleştirel Bir Değerlendirilmesi. Prof. Dr. Nusret Ekin’e Armağan.
• Punch, K. F. (2011). Sosyal Araştırmalara Giriş: Nicel ve Nitel Yaklaşımlar. (D. Bayrak, H. B. Arslan, & Z. Akyüz, Çev.) Ankara: Siyasal Kitabevi.
• PWC, TÜSİAD. (2017). 2023’ e Doğru Türkiye’de STEM Gereksinimi. PWC Türkiye.
• Raja, S., & Luc, C. (2017). The Future of Work Requires More, Not Less Technology in Developing Countries. Washington DC.: World Bank Group, Jobs Notes Issue No. 2.
• REF, TÜSİAD. (2014). İmalat Sanayi Sektörleri Rekabet Göstergeleri Raporu. İstanbul: Yayın No: TÜSİAD-T2014-05/551.
• Roland Berger. (2016). Industrie 4.0? Step this Way. Munich: Roland Berger.
• Rtanam, V. (1996). Future of Work: New Paradigms in Employee Relations. Indian Journal of Industrial Relations, Vol. 32(No. 2 ), s. 153-178.
• Savaşçı, D. (2017). Küresel Sermaye Endeksi Türkiye Değerlendirmesi. Adana: Adana Sanayi Odası.
• Schwab, K. (2016). Dördüncü Sanayi Devrimi. İstanbul: Optimist Yayım.
• Schwab, K., & Samans, R. (2016). The Future of Jobs, Employment Skills and Workforce Strategy for the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Worl Economic Forum.
• Shestakofsky, B. (2017). Working Algorithms: Software Automation and Future of Work. Work and Occupation, s. 1-49.
• Stolk, C. v., Hoorens, S., Brutscher, P. B., Hunt, P., Tsang, F., & Janta, B. (2011). An Uncertain Future: Trends and Policy Challenges. Life After Lisbon: Europe’s Challenges to Promote Labour Force Participation and Reduce. içinde
• Strange, R., & Zucchella, A. (2017). Industry 4.0, Global Value Chains and International Business. Multinational Business.
• Susskind, D. (2017). White Collar Unemployment. Robotlution:The Future of Work in Integration 4.0. içinde İnter-Amerikan Development Bank.
• TÜSİAD. (2016). Türkiye’nin Küresel rekabetçiliği İçin Bir gereklilik Olarak Sanayi 4.0, Gelişmekte Olan Ülke Ekonomisi Perspektifi. İstanbul: Yayın No: TÜSİAD-T/2016-03/576.
• UK Commission for Employment and Skills . (2014). The Future of Work Jobs and Skills in 2030. VO. (2016). A Roadmap for US Robotics: From Internet to Robotics. VO.
• Ward, J. (2016). Rise of the Robots Will Eliminate More Than 5 Million Jobs. Bloomberg Technology.
• Ware, J., & Grantham, C. (2003). The future of work: Changing patterns of workforce management and their impact on the. Journal of Facilities Management, Vol.2 (No.2 ), s. 142–159.
• World Bank. (2016). World Development Report 2016. Washington DC.
• World Bank. (2017 (c)). Türkiye’de Yerel İstihdam Çarpan Etkileri. World Bank Group.
• World Economic Forum. (2016). The Human Capital Report 2016. World Economic Forum.
• Worl Economic Forum. (2017). Accelerating Workforce Reskilling for the Fourth Industrial Revolution,an Agenda for Leaders to Shape Geneva: Worl Economic Forum.
• World Economic Forum. (2017a). Realizing Human Potential in the Fourth Industrial Revolution An Agenda for Leaders to Shape the Future of Education, Gender and Work. Geneva: World Economic Forum.
• World Economic Forum. (2017b). The Global Human Capital Report 2017. World Economic Forum. World Economic Forum. (2017c). The Future of Jobs and Skills in the Middle East and North Africa. World Economic Forum. Yıldırım, A., & Şimşek, H. (2016). Sosyal Bilimlerde Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri. Ankara : Seçkin yayıncılık. Zboralski-Avidan, H. (2014). Further Training for Older Workers: A Solution for an Ageing Labour Force. Berlin: Fachbereich Erziehungswissenschaft und Psychologie.