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History of Hamlet Translations in Turkey

Year 2020, Volume: 30 Issue: 2, 603 - 620, 23.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.26650/LITERA2020-0099

Abstract

Starting with a brief discussion of the first Hamlet translations in accordance with the Ottoman interest in western culture and Shakespeare in the 1880s, this study intends to present an in depth historical analysis of the modern and contemporary translations of the play. Since the act of translation is an attempt to rewrite and/or adapt a given text in the target language and culture, this analysis does not only portray the way Shakespeare is perceived by the Turks but also gives evidence to the changing nature of the Turkish culture and its understanding of language, literature, and translation throughout the years. With the close reading of translations made or conducted by academicians and translators such as Halide Edib, Can Yücel and Özdemir Nutku, this study aims at displaying the differences between these translations’ target audiences/readers. Since the skopos, purpose and hence, strategy of a given translation is utterly dependant on the target audience, defining the target audience of each translation is a significant starting point. Furthermore, apart from the differences in the translators’s purpose and strategy, the changes the Turkish language and culture experienced since the nineteenth century play a crucial role in presenting a historical discussion of Hamlet translations in Turkey. In this respect, while examining Hamlet’s inter-temporal and inter-cultural journey in Turkey, through a close reading of translations, this paper also presents various examples of shifts of expression in Popovič’s terms.

References

  • Ayluçtarhan, S. (2007). Dr. Abdullah Cevdet’s Translations (1908-1910): The Making of a Westernist and Materialist ‘Culture Repertoire’ in a ‘Resistant’ Ottoman Context, MA Thesis. Boğaziçi University, Istanbul.
  • Bozkurt, B. (2013). Hamlet’i Türkçe’ye Çevirirken, W. Shakespeare, Hamlet (pp. 17-21) (B. Bozkurt, Trans.). Istanbul: Remzi Kitabevi.
  • Das Gupta, J. (1968). Language Diversity and National Development, J. A. Fishman, C. A. Ferguson, J. Das Gupta (Eds.). Language Problems of Developing Nations (pp. 17-28). New York & London: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
  • Enginün, İ. (1979). Türk Edebiyatında Shakespeare: Tanzimat devrinde tercüme ve tesiri. Istanbul: Dergah Yayınları.
  • Even-Zohar, I. (1990). The Position of Translated Literature within the Literary Polysystem, Poetics Today11 (1), Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 45-51.
  • Kott, J. (1967). Shakespeare our Contemporary (B. Taborski, Trans.). London: Methuen & Co Ltd.Lomax, A. & Halifax, J. (2000). Folk Song Texts as Culture Indicators. A. Lomax (Ed.). Folk Song and Culture (pp. 274-299). New Brunswick & London: Transaction Publishers.
  • Nida, E. (2000). Principles of Correspondence, L. Venuti (Ed.). The Translation Studies Reader (pp. 126-141). London: Routledge.
  • Paker, S. (1986). “‘Hamlet’ in Turkey”, New Comparison: A Journal of Comperative and General Literary Studies, 2(Autumn), Norwich: University of East Anglia, 89-105.
  • Paker, S. (1991). “Turkey”, R. Ostle (Ed.). Modern Literature in the Near and Middle East 1850-1970 (pp. 17-32). New York: Routledge.
  • Shakespeare, W. (1941). Hamlet: Danimarka Prensi (H. Edib & V. Turhan, Trans.). Istanbul: Istanbul Cumhuriyet Matbaası. (1603)
  • Shakespeare, W. (1946). Hamlet (O. Burian, Trans.). Istanbul: Milli Eğitim Basımevi. (1603)
  • Shakespeare, W. (1992). Hamlet (C. Yücel, Trans.). Istanbul: Adam Yayınları (1603)
  • Shakespeare, W. (1995). Hamlet (S. Eyüboğlu, Trans.). Istanbul: Remzi Kitabevi. (1603)
  • Shakespeare, W. (1997). Hamlet (H. Jenkins, Ed.). Surrey: Thomas Nelson & Sons (1603)
  • Shakespeare, W. (2013a). Hamlet (B. Bozkurt, Trans.). Istanbul: Remzi Kitabevi. (1603)
  • Shakespeare, W. (2013b). Hamlet (Ö. Nutku, Trans.). Istanbul: Mitos Boyut. (1603)
  • Turhan, V. (1965). “Shakespeare in Turkish”, Litera Vol.8, Istanbul: Istanbul University Press, 49-61.

Türkiye’de Hamlet Çevirileri Tarihi

Year 2020, Volume: 30 Issue: 2, 603 - 620, 23.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.26650/LITERA2020-0099

Abstract

Bu çalışma Osmanlı İmparatorluğunun 1880’lü yıllarda Batı kültürü ve Shakespeare’e gösterdiği ilginin sonucu olarak yapılan Hamlet çevirilerine kısaca değindikten sonra oyunun modern ve çağdaş çevirilerini derinlemesine incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çeviri ediminin bir metni erek dilde yeniden yazma ya da uyarlama çabası olması nedeniyle, bu çözümleme yalnızca Shakespeare’in Türkler tarafından nasıl algılandığını değil, aynı zamanda dil, edebiyat ve çeviri anlayışının yıllar içerisinde nasıl dönüştüğünü de gözler önüne serer. Halide Edib, Can Yücel ve Özdemir Nutku gibi akademisyen ve çevirmenlerin yaptığı ya da yönettiği çevirilerin yakın okuma yöntemiyle incelenmesiyle söz konusu çevirilerin erek okur/izleyicilerindeki farklılıkların ortaya çıkartılması hedeflenmekedir. Bir çevirinin skopos, amaç ve dolayısıyla stratejisi büyük ölçüde erek okur ya da alıcıya dayandığı için bu tartışmaya başlamadan önce her bir çevirinin erek okurunu/izleyicisini tanımlamak büyük önem taşımaktadır. Ayrıca, Türkiye’deki Hamlet çevirilerinin tarihsel incelenmesi sürecinde çevirmenin amaç ve stratejilerinin yanısıra Türk dili ve kültürünün on dokuzuncu yüzyıldan bu yana geçirdiği değişim de büyük rol oynamaktadır. Bu bağlamda bu çalışma, çevirilerin yakın okuma yöntemiyle incelenmesi sonucun-da Hamlet’in kültürler arası gerçekleştirdiği bu zaman yolculuğunu çözümlerken Popovič’in deyiş kaydırması adını verdiği değişikliklerden örnekler de sunmaktadır.

References

  • Ayluçtarhan, S. (2007). Dr. Abdullah Cevdet’s Translations (1908-1910): The Making of a Westernist and Materialist ‘Culture Repertoire’ in a ‘Resistant’ Ottoman Context, MA Thesis. Boğaziçi University, Istanbul.
  • Bozkurt, B. (2013). Hamlet’i Türkçe’ye Çevirirken, W. Shakespeare, Hamlet (pp. 17-21) (B. Bozkurt, Trans.). Istanbul: Remzi Kitabevi.
  • Das Gupta, J. (1968). Language Diversity and National Development, J. A. Fishman, C. A. Ferguson, J. Das Gupta (Eds.). Language Problems of Developing Nations (pp. 17-28). New York & London: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
  • Enginün, İ. (1979). Türk Edebiyatında Shakespeare: Tanzimat devrinde tercüme ve tesiri. Istanbul: Dergah Yayınları.
  • Even-Zohar, I. (1990). The Position of Translated Literature within the Literary Polysystem, Poetics Today11 (1), Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 45-51.
  • Kott, J. (1967). Shakespeare our Contemporary (B. Taborski, Trans.). London: Methuen & Co Ltd.Lomax, A. & Halifax, J. (2000). Folk Song Texts as Culture Indicators. A. Lomax (Ed.). Folk Song and Culture (pp. 274-299). New Brunswick & London: Transaction Publishers.
  • Nida, E. (2000). Principles of Correspondence, L. Venuti (Ed.). The Translation Studies Reader (pp. 126-141). London: Routledge.
  • Paker, S. (1986). “‘Hamlet’ in Turkey”, New Comparison: A Journal of Comperative and General Literary Studies, 2(Autumn), Norwich: University of East Anglia, 89-105.
  • Paker, S. (1991). “Turkey”, R. Ostle (Ed.). Modern Literature in the Near and Middle East 1850-1970 (pp. 17-32). New York: Routledge.
  • Shakespeare, W. (1941). Hamlet: Danimarka Prensi (H. Edib & V. Turhan, Trans.). Istanbul: Istanbul Cumhuriyet Matbaası. (1603)
  • Shakespeare, W. (1946). Hamlet (O. Burian, Trans.). Istanbul: Milli Eğitim Basımevi. (1603)
  • Shakespeare, W. (1992). Hamlet (C. Yücel, Trans.). Istanbul: Adam Yayınları (1603)
  • Shakespeare, W. (1995). Hamlet (S. Eyüboğlu, Trans.). Istanbul: Remzi Kitabevi. (1603)
  • Shakespeare, W. (1997). Hamlet (H. Jenkins, Ed.). Surrey: Thomas Nelson & Sons (1603)
  • Shakespeare, W. (2013a). Hamlet (B. Bozkurt, Trans.). Istanbul: Remzi Kitabevi. (1603)
  • Shakespeare, W. (2013b). Hamlet (Ö. Nutku, Trans.). Istanbul: Mitos Boyut. (1603)
  • Turhan, V. (1965). “Shakespeare in Turkish”, Litera Vol.8, Istanbul: Istanbul University Press, 49-61.
There are 17 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Creative Arts and Writing
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

F. Zeynep Bilge This is me 0000-0002-6217-8280

Publication Date December 23, 2020
Submission Date July 8, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 30 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Bilge, F. Z. (2020). History of Hamlet Translations in Turkey. Litera: Journal of Language, Literature and Culture Studies, 30(2), 603-620. https://doi.org/10.26650/LITERA2020-0099
AMA Bilge FZ. History of Hamlet Translations in Turkey. Litera. December 2020;30(2):603-620. doi:10.26650/LITERA2020-0099
Chicago Bilge, F. Zeynep. “History of Hamlet Translations in Turkey”. Litera: Journal of Language, Literature and Culture Studies 30, no. 2 (December 2020): 603-20. https://doi.org/10.26650/LITERA2020-0099.
EndNote Bilge FZ (December 1, 2020) History of Hamlet Translations in Turkey. Litera: Journal of Language, Literature and Culture Studies 30 2 603–620.
IEEE F. Z. Bilge, “History of Hamlet Translations in Turkey”, Litera, vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 603–620, 2020, doi: 10.26650/LITERA2020-0099.
ISNAD Bilge, F. Zeynep. “History of Hamlet Translations in Turkey”. Litera: Journal of Language, Literature and Culture Studies 30/2 (December 2020), 603-620. https://doi.org/10.26650/LITERA2020-0099.
JAMA Bilge FZ. History of Hamlet Translations in Turkey. Litera. 2020;30:603–620.
MLA Bilge, F. Zeynep. “History of Hamlet Translations in Turkey”. Litera: Journal of Language, Literature and Culture Studies, vol. 30, no. 2, 2020, pp. 603-20, doi:10.26650/LITERA2020-0099.
Vancouver Bilge FZ. History of Hamlet Translations in Turkey. Litera. 2020;30(2):603-20.