Avrupa Refah Rejimleri ve Türkiye’de Öznel İyi Oluş

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 39 Sayı: 1, 197 - 214, 30.06.2019

Ümmügülsüm Aysan

Öz

Bu çalışmanın temel amacı Avrupa Yaşam Kalitesi Araştırması güncel verilerine dayanarak, Avrupa ve Türkiye’deki öznel iyi oluş seviyelerinin, refah rejimi tartışmaları bağlamında mukayeseli analizini ortaya koymaktır. Öznel iyi oluş yaşam memnuniyeti ve mutluluk gibi bilişsel ve duygusal bileşenlerden oluşan çok boyutlu bir kavramdır. Kişilik yapısı, cinsiyet, yaş, gelir, medeni durum gibi bireysel özellikler yanında ülkenin ekonomik durumu, toplumsal yapı ve politik yapı gibi makro faktörlerden de etkilenir. Dolayısıyla bireylerin ve toplumların yaşam kalitesine etki eden refah devletinin ve sosyal politikaların nitelikleri de öznel iyi oluş seviyelerine tesir etmektedir. Analiz sonuçları sosyal politika uygulamalarının kurumsallaştığı gelişmiş refah rejimlerinde öznel iyi oluş seviyelerinin az gelişmiş refah rejimlerine göre daha yüksek olduğunu göstermektedir. Mutluluk ve yaşam memnuniyeti Sosyal Demokrat ülkelerde en yüksek iken, Güney Avrupa ve Post sosyalist refah rejimlerinde en düşük seviyelerdedir. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Öznel iyi oluş, Mutluluk, Yaşam memnuniyeti, Refah devleti, Eşitsizlik

Subjective Well-Being in European Welfare Regimes and Turkey

Öz

The aim of this study is to analyze the subjective well-being levels of Europeans and Turkish citizens within the context of welfare-regime typology using the European Quality of Life Survey’s (EQLS) 2012 data. Subjective well-being, which consists of cognitive factors such as life satisfaction and affective factors such as happiness, is affected by individual factors such as personality, gender, age, income, and marital status, as well as macro factors such as macroeconomic indicators, political institutions, and quality of society. Welfare-state types and the quality of social policies are also related to subjective well-being. This study demonstrates that the subjective well-being levels in institutionalized welfare regimes are higher through high levels of social expenditures and developed social services. Furthermore, differences between the lowest and highest income quartiles for subjective well-being are lowest in social-democratic welfare regimes. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Subjective well-being, Happiness, Life satisfaction, Welfare state, Inequality

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