Research Article
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Year 2019, Volume: 39 Issue: 2, 425 - 454, 31.12.2019

Abstract

References

  • Aikins, A. D. G. (2015). Mental illness and destitution in Ghana: A Social-psychological perspective. In E. Akyeampong, A. G. Hill, & A. M. Kleinman (Eds.), The culture of mental illness and psychiatric practice in Africa (pp. 112–143). Bloomington: Indiana University Press. Retrieved June 26, 2019 from
  • http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt16gz69f.6 Antwi, I. K. (2010) 2010-half-year HIV/AIDS Review report of the Lower Manya Krobo District. Atua, Ghana: Ghana Health Services. Retrieved May 20, 2018 from http://www.ghanaids.gov. gh/gac1/aids_info.php
  • Asante, F. A., Fenny, A. P., & Ahiadeke, C. (2007). National AIDS Spending Assessment 2005 and 2006 level and flow of resources and expenditure to confront HIV/AIDS. Accra: Ghana AIDS Commission, Institute of Statistical, Social and Economic Research, Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS. Retrieved from http://data.unaids.org/pub/report/2007/nasa_ ghana_0506_20070816_en.pdf
  • Babbie, E. R. (2013). The practice of social research (13th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Cengage Learning.
  • Bandura A. (2002). Social cognitive theory in cultural context. Applied Psychology, 51(2), 269–290.
  • Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Englewood, NJ: Prentice Hall.
  • Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: Freeman.
  • Baxter, J., & Eyles, J. (1997). Evaluating qualitative research in social geography: Establishing ‘rigor’ in interview analysis. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 22(4), 505–525.
  • Boamah, N. A. (2014). Housing policy in Ghana: The feasible paths. Ghana Journal of Development Studies, 11(1), 1–18.
  • Burke, N. J., Bird, J. A., Clark, M. A., Rakowski, W., Guerra, C., Barker, J. C., & Pasick, R. J. (2009). Social and cultural meanings of self-efficacy. Health Education & Behavior, 36(5 suppl), 111S–128S.
  • Burke, N. J., Joseph, G., Pasick, R. J., & Barker, J. C. (2009). Theorizing social context: Rethinking behavioural theory. Health Education & Behavior, 36(5_suppl), 55S–70S. https://dx.doi. org/10.1177/1090198109335338
  • Cassels, S., Jenness, S. M., Biney, A. A., Ampofo, W. K., & Dodoo, F. N. A. (2014). Migration, sexual networks, and HIV in Agbogbloshie, Ghana. Demographic Research, 31, 861–888. https:// dx.doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2014.31.28
  • Collins, J., & Rau, B. (2000). AIDS in the context of development. Geneva: United Nations Research Institute for Social Development. DfID, U. K. (1999). Sustainable livelihoods guidance sheets. London: DFID, 445. Retrieved June 13, 2015 from http://www.eldis.org/vfile/upload/1/document/0901/section2.pdf
  • Dunn, J. R. (2002). The population health approach to housing: A framework for research. Ottawa: Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation.
  • Dunn, J. R. (2004). Housing and population health—research framework (Research Highlight, Socio-economic series 04-016). Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation, Ottawa, Ontario: Canada. Retrieved May 20, 2018 from https://www.cmhc-schl.gc.ca/odpub/pdf/63463. pdf?fr=1490528940366
  • Fobil, J. N., & Soyiri, I. N. (2006). An assessment of government policy response to HIV/AIDS in Ghana. Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS, 3(2), 457–465.
  • Ghana AIDS Commission. (2015a) 2014 HIV Sentinel Survey Report. Ghana. Accra: Author.
  • Ghana AIDS Commission. (2015b). Country AIDS response progress report—Ghana. Retrieved from https://www.unaids.org
  • Ghana AIDS Commission. (2017) Volta, Brong Ahafo top HIV prevalence cases for 2016. [Online].
  • Ghana AIDS Commission. (2019). Summary of the 2018 sentinel survey report. Accra: Author
  • Girmay, Y. (2006). Assessing the environmental impacts of a hydropower project: The case of Akosombo/Kpong Dams in Ghana (Master’s thesis). University of Stockholm, Sweden.
  • Glanz, K., Lewis, F. M., & Rimer, B. K. (2002). Health behavior and health education: Theory, research and
  • GNA. (2019). Food insecurity among HIV-affected households threatens disease management. Accra: GNA. Retrieved November 19, 2019 from https://www.businessghana.com/site/news/ general/187014/Food-insecurity-among-HIV-affected-households-threatens-diseasemanagement
  • GSS, GHS and ICF Macro. (2015). 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey. Accra: Authors
  • GSS, GHS, and ICF Macro. (2009). Ghana Demographic and Health Survey 2008. Accra, Ghana: Authors
  • GSS. (2013a). 2010 Population & Housing Census. National analytical report. Accra: Author.
  • GSS. (2013b). 2010 Population & Housing Census. Regional analytical report. Eastern Region. Accra: Author.
  • GSS. (2014). 2010 Population and Housing Report: District Analytical Report, Lower Manya Krobo Municipal. Retrieved July 14, 2018 from http://www.statsghana.gov.gh/docfiles/2010_District_ Report/Eastern/LOWER%20MANYA%20KROBO.pdf
  • Guarte, J. M., & Barrios, E. B. (2006). Estimation under purposive sampling. Communications in Statistics-Simulation and Computation, 35(2), 277–284.
  • Guest, G., Bunce, A., & Johnson, L. (2006). How many interviews are enough? An experiment with data saturation and variability. Field Methods, 18(1), 59–82.
  • Holzemer, W. L., Uys, L., Makoae, L., Stewart, A., Phetlhu, R., Dlamini, P. S., Greeff, M., … Naidoo J. (2007). A conceptual model of HIV/AIDS stigma from five African countries’, Journal of Advanced Nursing, 58(6), 541–551.
  • ISSER. (2019). Ghana Social Development Outlook 2016 (pp. 36–71). Accra: Author.
  • Joseph, G., Burke, N. J., Tuason, N., Barker, J. C., & Pasick, R. J. (2009). Perceived susceptibility to illness and perceived benefits of preventive care: An exploration of behavioral theory constructs in a transcultural context. Health Education & Behavior, 36(5_suppl), 71S–90S.
  • Kodom, M., Owusu, A. Y., & Kodom, P. N. B. (2019). Quality healthcare service assessment under Ghana’s national health insurance scheme. Journal of Asian and African Studies, 54(4), 1–19. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021909619827331
  • Laar, A. K, Manu A, Laar M, El–Adas, A., Amenyah, R., Atuahene, K., Quarshie, D. Adjei, A. A., Quakyi, I. (2015). Coping Strategies of HIV–affected Households in Ghana. BMC Public Health, 15(1), 166.
  • Langmagne, S. (2016) High HIV/AIDS prevalence in a suburban area in Ghana: A context analysis of its relationship to human trafficking (Doctoral dissertation, University of Saskatchewan, Canada). Lieblich, A., Tuval–Mashiach, R., & Zilber, T. (1998) Narrative research: Reading, analysis, and interpretation (Vol. 47). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Lund, R., & Agyei-Mensah, S. (2008). Queens as mothers: The role of the traditional safety net of care and support for HIV/AIDS orphans and vulnerable children in Ghana. Journal of Geography, 71(2–3), 93–106. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10708–008–9145–9
  • Mason, M. (August 2010). Sample size and saturation in PhD studies using qualitative interviews. In Forum qualitative Sozialforschung/Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 11(3). Mill, J. E. (2003). Shrouded in secrecy: breaking the news of HIV infection in Ghanaian women. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 14(1), 6–16.
  • Milloy, M. J., Marshall, B. D., Montaner, J., & Wood, E. (2012). Housing status and the health of people living with HIV/AIDS. Current HIV/AIDS Reports, 9(4), 364–374. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s11904–012–0137–5. (Accessed: 24 June 2018).
  • NACP. (2003). Estimating national HIV prevalence in Ghana using sentinel surveillance d a t a . National AIDS/STI Control Programme, Disease Control Unit, Ministry of Health. Accra.
  • NACP. (2016) 2016 HIV Sentinel Survey Report, Ghana. Accra: Disease Control Unit, Ministry of Health.
  • NAP+, GAC, & UNAIDS. (2014) Persons Living with HIV Stigma Index Study, Ghana. Revised Report. Accra, Ghana, NAP+, GAC and UNAIDS. Retrieved July 12, 2018 from http://www. stigmaindex.org/sites/default/files/reports/GHANA%20Stigma%20Index%20report%202014.pdf
  • National Catholic Health Services. (2010) St. Martin De Porres, Agomanya, E/R– 2010 Annual Report. Agomanya: National Catholic Health Services. Retrieved March 10, 2018 from http:// stmartinshospital.org/reports/annual_reports/Annual%20Report%20–%20%202010.pdf
  • Owusu, A. Y., & Laar, A. K. (2018). Managing HIV–positive serostatus in Ghana’s Most HIV concentrated district: Self–perceived explanations and theoretical discourse. African Journal of AIDS Research, 17(1), 82–90. http://doi.org/10.2989/16085906.2017.1419268
  • Parry, O., Thomson, C., & Fowkes, G. (2002). Cultural context, older age and smoking in Scotland: Qualitative interviews with older smokers with arterial disease. Health Promotion International, 17(4), 309–316.
  • Pasick, R. J., & Burke, N. J. (2008). A critical review of theory in breast cancer screening promotion across cultures. Annual Review of Public Health, 29, 351–368.
  • Patel, V., & Stein, D. J. (2015). Common mental disorders in sub–Saharan Africa: The triad of depression, anxiety and somatization. In E. Akyeampong, A. G. Hill, & A. Kleinman (Eds.), The culture of mental illness and psychiatric practice in Africa (pp. 50–72). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.
  • Poku, R. A., Owusu, A. Y., Mullen, P. D. Markham, C., & McCurdy, S. A. (2017). HIV antiretroviral medication stock–outs in Ghana: Contributors and consequences. African Journal of AIDS Research, 16(3). https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ajar/article/view/162593 practice. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
  • QSR International. (2015). NVivo Professional Version 11. Boston: Author.
  • Redding, C, Rossi, J, Rossi, S. R, Velicer, W. F, & Prochaska, J. O. (2000). Health behaviour models. The International Electronic Journal of Health Education, 3, 180–193. Revenson, T. A., & Pranikoff, J. R. (2005). A contextual approach to treatment decision making among breast cancer survivors. Health Psychology, 24(4), 93–98.
  • Sauvé, N., Dzokoto, A., Opare, B., Kaitoo, E. E., Khonde, N., Mondor, M., … Pepin, J. (2002). The price of development: HIV infection in semiurban community of Ghana. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, 20, 402–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00126334–200204010– 00012
  • Sedziafa, A. P, Tenkorang, E. Y., & Owusu, A. Y. (2016) “… he always slaps me on my ears:” The health consequences of intimate partner violence among a group of patrilineal women in Ghana. Culture, Health & Sexuality, 18(12), 1379–1392. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13691058.2016.118 7291
  • Sorensen, G., Emmons, K., Hunt, M. K., Barbeau, E., Goldman, R., Peterson, K., … Berkman, L. (2003). Model for incorporating social context in health behaviour interventions: Applications for cancer prevention for working-class, multiethnic populations. Preventive medicine, 37(3), 188–197.
  • Stockols, D. (1996). Translating social ecological theory into guidelines for health promotion. American Journal of Health Promotion, 10, 282–298.
  • Suri, H. (2011). Purposeful sampling in qualitative research synthesis. Qualitative Research Journal, 11 (2), 63–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3316/QRJ1102063
  • Tenkorang, E. Y., Owusu, A. Y, & Laar, A. (2017a). Housing and health outcomes of persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHAs) in the Lower Manya Krobo District, Ghana. Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, 28(1), 191–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hpu.2017.0017
  • Tenkorang, E. Y., Owusu, A. Y., Laar, A. K., & Yeboah, E. H. (2017b). Housing, psychosocial and adherence counselling among HIV+ persons in Ghana. Health Promotion International. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapro/dax072
  • Teye-kau, M., Tenkorang, E. Y. & Adjei, P. B. (2018). Revisiting the housing–health relationship for HIV–positive persons: Qualitative evidence from the Lower Manya Krobo District, Ghana. Qualitative Health Research, 28(8) 1217–1228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049732318764646
  • UNAIDS. (2017) Ghana. [Online]. Retrieved July 24, 2015 from http://www.unaids.org/en/ regionscountries/countries/ghana. unaids.org/sites/default/files/country/documents/GHA_ narrative_report_2015.pdf
  • UNAIDS. (2018). Women and Girls and HIV. Geneva, Switzerland: Author.
  • UNAIDS/GAC. (2014) Country AIDS Response Progress Report––Ghana Reporting Period January 2012 – December 2013. Retrieved July 24, 2015 from http://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/ country/documents//file%2C94605%2Ces

Social Contexts of Living with HIV/AIDS in the Eastern Region of Ghana

Year 2019, Volume: 39 Issue: 2, 425 - 454, 31.12.2019

Abstract

The livelihoods of persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHAs) in Ghana and sub-Saharan Africa have generally been under-researched using the social context approach. Employing the social context explanatory framework, we explore the livelihoods and challenges facing 38 PLWHAs in the Lower Manya Krobo Municipality (LMKM) in the Eastern Region of Ghana. LMKM has the highest prevalence of HIV/AIDS in Ghana. In-depth interviews have been conducted with participants who are out-patients at either of the two HIV/AIDS clinics in the study area. Their family relations, healthcare, healthcare seeking, and health status have been explored. The findings show the participants to generally be poor, have poorer health, and to have had some challenges to healthcare seeking, including food insecurity. They also lack sufficient support from family and romantic partners. Most have family members and romantic partners who had succumbed to HIV/AIDS. The participants generally have a high burden of child dependents, including orphans from HIV/AIDS. Our explanatory model confirms that the participants are caught at the interphase of intrapersonal, interpersonal, community, and national vulnerabilities that are interdependent and reciprocal. Safety-net provisions such as the National Health Insurance scheme provide them with inadequate social protection. For improved health status and general livelihood, we recommend more pro-active social support for the participants and their dependents. Furthermore having stakeholders make greater efforts is recommended for strengthening Ghana’s economy against shocks.

References

  • Aikins, A. D. G. (2015). Mental illness and destitution in Ghana: A Social-psychological perspective. In E. Akyeampong, A. G. Hill, & A. M. Kleinman (Eds.), The culture of mental illness and psychiatric practice in Africa (pp. 112–143). Bloomington: Indiana University Press. Retrieved June 26, 2019 from
  • http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt16gz69f.6 Antwi, I. K. (2010) 2010-half-year HIV/AIDS Review report of the Lower Manya Krobo District. Atua, Ghana: Ghana Health Services. Retrieved May 20, 2018 from http://www.ghanaids.gov. gh/gac1/aids_info.php
  • Asante, F. A., Fenny, A. P., & Ahiadeke, C. (2007). National AIDS Spending Assessment 2005 and 2006 level and flow of resources and expenditure to confront HIV/AIDS. Accra: Ghana AIDS Commission, Institute of Statistical, Social and Economic Research, Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS. Retrieved from http://data.unaids.org/pub/report/2007/nasa_ ghana_0506_20070816_en.pdf
  • Babbie, E. R. (2013). The practice of social research (13th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Cengage Learning.
  • Bandura A. (2002). Social cognitive theory in cultural context. Applied Psychology, 51(2), 269–290.
  • Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Englewood, NJ: Prentice Hall.
  • Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: Freeman.
  • Baxter, J., & Eyles, J. (1997). Evaluating qualitative research in social geography: Establishing ‘rigor’ in interview analysis. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 22(4), 505–525.
  • Boamah, N. A. (2014). Housing policy in Ghana: The feasible paths. Ghana Journal of Development Studies, 11(1), 1–18.
  • Burke, N. J., Bird, J. A., Clark, M. A., Rakowski, W., Guerra, C., Barker, J. C., & Pasick, R. J. (2009). Social and cultural meanings of self-efficacy. Health Education & Behavior, 36(5 suppl), 111S–128S.
  • Burke, N. J., Joseph, G., Pasick, R. J., & Barker, J. C. (2009). Theorizing social context: Rethinking behavioural theory. Health Education & Behavior, 36(5_suppl), 55S–70S. https://dx.doi. org/10.1177/1090198109335338
  • Cassels, S., Jenness, S. M., Biney, A. A., Ampofo, W. K., & Dodoo, F. N. A. (2014). Migration, sexual networks, and HIV in Agbogbloshie, Ghana. Demographic Research, 31, 861–888. https:// dx.doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2014.31.28
  • Collins, J., & Rau, B. (2000). AIDS in the context of development. Geneva: United Nations Research Institute for Social Development. DfID, U. K. (1999). Sustainable livelihoods guidance sheets. London: DFID, 445. Retrieved June 13, 2015 from http://www.eldis.org/vfile/upload/1/document/0901/section2.pdf
  • Dunn, J. R. (2002). The population health approach to housing: A framework for research. Ottawa: Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation.
  • Dunn, J. R. (2004). Housing and population health—research framework (Research Highlight, Socio-economic series 04-016). Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation, Ottawa, Ontario: Canada. Retrieved May 20, 2018 from https://www.cmhc-schl.gc.ca/odpub/pdf/63463. pdf?fr=1490528940366
  • Fobil, J. N., & Soyiri, I. N. (2006). An assessment of government policy response to HIV/AIDS in Ghana. Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS, 3(2), 457–465.
  • Ghana AIDS Commission. (2015a) 2014 HIV Sentinel Survey Report. Ghana. Accra: Author.
  • Ghana AIDS Commission. (2015b). Country AIDS response progress report—Ghana. Retrieved from https://www.unaids.org
  • Ghana AIDS Commission. (2017) Volta, Brong Ahafo top HIV prevalence cases for 2016. [Online].
  • Ghana AIDS Commission. (2019). Summary of the 2018 sentinel survey report. Accra: Author
  • Girmay, Y. (2006). Assessing the environmental impacts of a hydropower project: The case of Akosombo/Kpong Dams in Ghana (Master’s thesis). University of Stockholm, Sweden.
  • Glanz, K., Lewis, F. M., & Rimer, B. K. (2002). Health behavior and health education: Theory, research and
  • GNA. (2019). Food insecurity among HIV-affected households threatens disease management. Accra: GNA. Retrieved November 19, 2019 from https://www.businessghana.com/site/news/ general/187014/Food-insecurity-among-HIV-affected-households-threatens-diseasemanagement
  • GSS, GHS and ICF Macro. (2015). 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey. Accra: Authors
  • GSS, GHS, and ICF Macro. (2009). Ghana Demographic and Health Survey 2008. Accra, Ghana: Authors
  • GSS. (2013a). 2010 Population & Housing Census. National analytical report. Accra: Author.
  • GSS. (2013b). 2010 Population & Housing Census. Regional analytical report. Eastern Region. Accra: Author.
  • GSS. (2014). 2010 Population and Housing Report: District Analytical Report, Lower Manya Krobo Municipal. Retrieved July 14, 2018 from http://www.statsghana.gov.gh/docfiles/2010_District_ Report/Eastern/LOWER%20MANYA%20KROBO.pdf
  • Guarte, J. M., & Barrios, E. B. (2006). Estimation under purposive sampling. Communications in Statistics-Simulation and Computation, 35(2), 277–284.
  • Guest, G., Bunce, A., & Johnson, L. (2006). How many interviews are enough? An experiment with data saturation and variability. Field Methods, 18(1), 59–82.
  • Holzemer, W. L., Uys, L., Makoae, L., Stewart, A., Phetlhu, R., Dlamini, P. S., Greeff, M., … Naidoo J. (2007). A conceptual model of HIV/AIDS stigma from five African countries’, Journal of Advanced Nursing, 58(6), 541–551.
  • ISSER. (2019). Ghana Social Development Outlook 2016 (pp. 36–71). Accra: Author.
  • Joseph, G., Burke, N. J., Tuason, N., Barker, J. C., & Pasick, R. J. (2009). Perceived susceptibility to illness and perceived benefits of preventive care: An exploration of behavioral theory constructs in a transcultural context. Health Education & Behavior, 36(5_suppl), 71S–90S.
  • Kodom, M., Owusu, A. Y., & Kodom, P. N. B. (2019). Quality healthcare service assessment under Ghana’s national health insurance scheme. Journal of Asian and African Studies, 54(4), 1–19. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021909619827331
  • Laar, A. K, Manu A, Laar M, El–Adas, A., Amenyah, R., Atuahene, K., Quarshie, D. Adjei, A. A., Quakyi, I. (2015). Coping Strategies of HIV–affected Households in Ghana. BMC Public Health, 15(1), 166.
  • Langmagne, S. (2016) High HIV/AIDS prevalence in a suburban area in Ghana: A context analysis of its relationship to human trafficking (Doctoral dissertation, University of Saskatchewan, Canada). Lieblich, A., Tuval–Mashiach, R., & Zilber, T. (1998) Narrative research: Reading, analysis, and interpretation (Vol. 47). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Lund, R., & Agyei-Mensah, S. (2008). Queens as mothers: The role of the traditional safety net of care and support for HIV/AIDS orphans and vulnerable children in Ghana. Journal of Geography, 71(2–3), 93–106. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10708–008–9145–9
  • Mason, M. (August 2010). Sample size and saturation in PhD studies using qualitative interviews. In Forum qualitative Sozialforschung/Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 11(3). Mill, J. E. (2003). Shrouded in secrecy: breaking the news of HIV infection in Ghanaian women. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 14(1), 6–16.
  • Milloy, M. J., Marshall, B. D., Montaner, J., & Wood, E. (2012). Housing status and the health of people living with HIV/AIDS. Current HIV/AIDS Reports, 9(4), 364–374. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s11904–012–0137–5. (Accessed: 24 June 2018).
  • NACP. (2003). Estimating national HIV prevalence in Ghana using sentinel surveillance d a t a . National AIDS/STI Control Programme, Disease Control Unit, Ministry of Health. Accra.
  • NACP. (2016) 2016 HIV Sentinel Survey Report, Ghana. Accra: Disease Control Unit, Ministry of Health.
  • NAP+, GAC, & UNAIDS. (2014) Persons Living with HIV Stigma Index Study, Ghana. Revised Report. Accra, Ghana, NAP+, GAC and UNAIDS. Retrieved July 12, 2018 from http://www. stigmaindex.org/sites/default/files/reports/GHANA%20Stigma%20Index%20report%202014.pdf
  • National Catholic Health Services. (2010) St. Martin De Porres, Agomanya, E/R– 2010 Annual Report. Agomanya: National Catholic Health Services. Retrieved March 10, 2018 from http:// stmartinshospital.org/reports/annual_reports/Annual%20Report%20–%20%202010.pdf
  • Owusu, A. Y., & Laar, A. K. (2018). Managing HIV–positive serostatus in Ghana’s Most HIV concentrated district: Self–perceived explanations and theoretical discourse. African Journal of AIDS Research, 17(1), 82–90. http://doi.org/10.2989/16085906.2017.1419268
  • Parry, O., Thomson, C., & Fowkes, G. (2002). Cultural context, older age and smoking in Scotland: Qualitative interviews with older smokers with arterial disease. Health Promotion International, 17(4), 309–316.
  • Pasick, R. J., & Burke, N. J. (2008). A critical review of theory in breast cancer screening promotion across cultures. Annual Review of Public Health, 29, 351–368.
  • Patel, V., & Stein, D. J. (2015). Common mental disorders in sub–Saharan Africa: The triad of depression, anxiety and somatization. In E. Akyeampong, A. G. Hill, & A. Kleinman (Eds.), The culture of mental illness and psychiatric practice in Africa (pp. 50–72). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.
  • Poku, R. A., Owusu, A. Y., Mullen, P. D. Markham, C., & McCurdy, S. A. (2017). HIV antiretroviral medication stock–outs in Ghana: Contributors and consequences. African Journal of AIDS Research, 16(3). https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ajar/article/view/162593 practice. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
  • QSR International. (2015). NVivo Professional Version 11. Boston: Author.
  • Redding, C, Rossi, J, Rossi, S. R, Velicer, W. F, & Prochaska, J. O. (2000). Health behaviour models. The International Electronic Journal of Health Education, 3, 180–193. Revenson, T. A., & Pranikoff, J. R. (2005). A contextual approach to treatment decision making among breast cancer survivors. Health Psychology, 24(4), 93–98.
  • Sauvé, N., Dzokoto, A., Opare, B., Kaitoo, E. E., Khonde, N., Mondor, M., … Pepin, J. (2002). The price of development: HIV infection in semiurban community of Ghana. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, 20, 402–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00126334–200204010– 00012
  • Sedziafa, A. P, Tenkorang, E. Y., & Owusu, A. Y. (2016) “… he always slaps me on my ears:” The health consequences of intimate partner violence among a group of patrilineal women in Ghana. Culture, Health & Sexuality, 18(12), 1379–1392. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13691058.2016.118 7291
  • Sorensen, G., Emmons, K., Hunt, M. K., Barbeau, E., Goldman, R., Peterson, K., … Berkman, L. (2003). Model for incorporating social context in health behaviour interventions: Applications for cancer prevention for working-class, multiethnic populations. Preventive medicine, 37(3), 188–197.
  • Stockols, D. (1996). Translating social ecological theory into guidelines for health promotion. American Journal of Health Promotion, 10, 282–298.
  • Suri, H. (2011). Purposeful sampling in qualitative research synthesis. Qualitative Research Journal, 11 (2), 63–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3316/QRJ1102063
  • Tenkorang, E. Y., Owusu, A. Y, & Laar, A. (2017a). Housing and health outcomes of persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHAs) in the Lower Manya Krobo District, Ghana. Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, 28(1), 191–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hpu.2017.0017
  • Tenkorang, E. Y., Owusu, A. Y., Laar, A. K., & Yeboah, E. H. (2017b). Housing, psychosocial and adherence counselling among HIV+ persons in Ghana. Health Promotion International. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapro/dax072
  • Teye-kau, M., Tenkorang, E. Y. & Adjei, P. B. (2018). Revisiting the housing–health relationship for HIV–positive persons: Qualitative evidence from the Lower Manya Krobo District, Ghana. Qualitative Health Research, 28(8) 1217–1228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049732318764646
  • UNAIDS. (2017) Ghana. [Online]. Retrieved July 24, 2015 from http://www.unaids.org/en/ regionscountries/countries/ghana. unaids.org/sites/default/files/country/documents/GHA_ narrative_report_2015.pdf
  • UNAIDS. (2018). Women and Girls and HIV. Geneva, Switzerland: Author.
  • UNAIDS/GAC. (2014) Country AIDS Response Progress Report––Ghana Reporting Period January 2012 – December 2013. Retrieved July 24, 2015 from http://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/ country/documents//file%2C94605%2Ces
There are 61 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Sociology
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Adobea Yaa Owusu This is me 0000-0003-2223-7896

Publication Date December 31, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 39 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Owusu, A. Y. (2019). Social Contexts of Living with HIV/AIDS in the Eastern Region of Ghana. İstanbul University Journal of Sociology, 39(2), 425-454.
AMA Owusu AY. Social Contexts of Living with HIV/AIDS in the Eastern Region of Ghana. İstanbul University Journal of Sociology. December 2019;39(2):425-454.
Chicago Owusu, Adobea Yaa. “Social Contexts of Living With HIV/AIDS in the Eastern Region of Ghana”. İstanbul University Journal of Sociology 39, no. 2 (December 2019): 425-54.
EndNote Owusu AY (December 1, 2019) Social Contexts of Living with HIV/AIDS in the Eastern Region of Ghana. İstanbul University Journal of Sociology 39 2 425–454.
IEEE A. Y. Owusu, “Social Contexts of Living with HIV/AIDS in the Eastern Region of Ghana”, İstanbul University Journal of Sociology, vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 425–454, 2019.
ISNAD Owusu, Adobea Yaa. “Social Contexts of Living With HIV/AIDS in the Eastern Region of Ghana”. İstanbul University Journal of Sociology 39/2 (December 2019), 425-454.
JAMA Owusu AY. Social Contexts of Living with HIV/AIDS in the Eastern Region of Ghana. İstanbul University Journal of Sociology. 2019;39:425–454.
MLA Owusu, Adobea Yaa. “Social Contexts of Living With HIV/AIDS in the Eastern Region of Ghana”. İstanbul University Journal of Sociology, vol. 39, no. 2, 2019, pp. 425-54.
Vancouver Owusu AY. Social Contexts of Living with HIV/AIDS in the Eastern Region of Ghana. İstanbul University Journal of Sociology. 2019;39(2):425-54.