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Türkiye’de Sosyodemografik ve Sosyokültürel Göstergelere Göre Dindarlık Seviyeleri

Year 2019, Volume: 39 Issue: 2, 303 - 328, 31.12.2019

Abstract

Bu makale cinsiyet, eğitim, çalışma durumu, gelir seviyesi, medeni durum gibi sosyodemografik faktörler ile mezhep, dindarlık, yerleşim yeri kökeni gibi sosyokültürel faktörlerin Türkiye’deki bireylerin dindarlık seviyeleri üzerindeki etkilerini nicel analizlerle araştırmayı amaçlamaktadır. Araştırmada Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı’nın Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu ile gerçekleştirdiği Türkiye’de Dini Hayat Araştırması veri seti kullanılmıştır. Dindarlık seviyesi; katılımcıların kendilerini ne kadar dindar hissettikleri (self evaluation), vakit namazları kılma sıklıkları ve İslam hukukundaki miras paylaşımına bakışları olmak üzere üç şekilde ölçülmektedir. Bu üç farklı dindarlık göstergesinin sosyodemografik ve sosyokültürel faktörler ile ilişkileri, sıralı lojistik regresyon modeli ile analiz edilmektedir. Analiz bulgularında öne çıkan sonuçlar incelendiğinde her üç ölçümde de gelir dışındaki tüm değişkenlerin, dindarlık üzerinde anlamlı etkileri olduğu görülmektedir. Ayrıca ilk iki dindarlık ölçümü (dindarlık seviyesi ve namaz kılma sıklığı) ve onları etkileyen faktörler ile miras dağılımına bakış ve onu etkileyen faktörler arasında anlamlı farklılıklar bulunmuştur.

References

  • Akın, H. B. ve Şentürk, E. (2012). Bireylerin mutluluk düzeylerinin ordinal lojistik regresyon analizi ile incelenmesi. Öneri Dergisi, 10(37), 183–193.
  • Akşit, B., Şentürk, R., Cengiz, K. ve Küçükural, Ö. (2012). Türkiye’de dindarlık: Sosyal gerilimler ekseninde inanç ve yaşam biçimleri. İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
  • Aktan, H. (1991). Mukayeseli İslam miras hukuku. İstanbul: İşaret Yayınları.
  • Albrecht, S. L., & Heaton, T. B. (1984). Secularization, higher education, and religiosity. Review of Religious Research, 26(1), 43–58. https://doi.org/10.2307/3511041
  • Alston, J. P. (1975). Three measures of current levels of religiosity. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 14(2), 165–168. https://doi.org/10.2307/1384739
  • Argue, A., Johnson, D. R., & White L. K. (1999). Age and religiosity: Evidence from a three-wave panel analysis. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 1, 423–435.
  • Arslan, M. (2003). Popüler Dindarlık Ölçeği’nin geliştirilmesi: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Dinbilimleri Akademik Araştırma Dergisi, 3(4), 97–116.
  • Brown, E., Orbuch, T. L., & Bauermeister, J. A. (2008). Religiosity and marital stability among black American and white American couples. Family Relations, 57(2), 186–197. https://doi.org/10.1111/ j.1741-3729.2008.00493.x
  • Cornwall, M. (1989). Faith development of men and women over the life span. In S. J. Bahr & E. T. Peterson (Eds.), Aging and the family (pp. 115–139). Lexington, MA, England: Lexington Books/D. C. Heath and Com.
  • Çarkoğlu, A. ve Toprak, B. (2000). Değişen Türkiye’de din, toplum ve siyaset. İstanbul: Türkiye Ekonomik ve Sosyal Etüdler Vakfı.
  • Çayabatmaz, E. (2016). Kur’an’ı Kerim bağlamında İslami Dindarlık Ölçeği denemesi (Yüksek lisans tezi, Erciyes Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Kayseri). https://tez.yok.gov.tr/ UlusalTezMerkezi/ adresinden edinilmiştir.
  • Davie, G. (2012). From believing without belonging to vicarious religion: Understanding the patterns of religion in modern Europe. In D. Pollack & D. V.A. Olson (Eds.), The role of religion in modern societies (pp. 171–182). New York, NY: Routledge.
  • de Vaus, D., & McAllister, I. (1987). Gender differences in religion: A test of the structural location theory. American Sociological Review, 52(4), 472–481. https://doi.org/10.2307/2095292
  • Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı. (2014). Türkiye’de dini hayat araştırması. Ankara: Yazar.
  • Dudley, M. G., & Kosinski, F. A. (1990). Religiosity and marital satisfaction: A research note. Review of Religious Research, 32(1), 78–86. https://doi.org/10.2307/3511329
  • Durkheim, E. (2014). The division of labor in society. New York, NY: Simon and Schuster.
  • Ellison, C. G., & Levin, J. S. (1998). The religion-health connection: Evidence, theory, and future directions. Health Education & Behavior, 25(6), 700–720. https://doi. org/10.1177/109019819802500603
  • Hunt, R. A., & King, M. B. (1978). Religiosity and marriage. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 17(4), 399–406. https://doi.org/10.2307/1385403
  • Hunsberger, B. (1978). The religiosity of college students: Stability and change over years at university. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 17(2), 159–164. https://doi. org/10.2307/1386159
  • Gaunt, R. (2006). Couple similarity and marital satisfaction: Are similar spouses happier? Journal of Personality, 74(5), 1401–1420. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2006.00414.x
  • Gerber, A. S., Gruber, J., & Hungerman, D. M. (2016). Does church attendance cause people to vote? Using Blue Laws’ repeal to estimate the effect of religiosity on voter turnout. British Journal of Political Science, 46(3), 481–500. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123414000416
  • Glock, C. Y. (1962). On the study of religious commitment. Religious Education, 57(4), 98–110. https://doi.org/10.1080/003440862057S407
  • Glock, C. Y., & Rodney, S. (1965). Religion and society in tension (Pencil Margin Notes ed.). Rand McNally.
  • Heelas, P., Woodhead, L., Seel, B., Szerszynski, B., & Tusting, K. (2005). The spiritual revolution: Why religion is giving way to spirituality. Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
  • Jones, A. E., & Elliott, M. (2017). Examining social desirability in measures of religion and spirituality using the bogus pipeline. Review of Religious Research, 59(1), 47–64.
  • Kenney, B. P., Cromwell, R. E., & Vaughan, C. E. (1977). Identifying the socio-contextual forms of religiosity among urban ethnic minority group members. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 16(3), 237–244. https://doi.org/10.2307/1385694
  • Levin, J. S. (1994). Religion and health: Is there an association, is it valid, and is it causal? Social Science & Medicine, 38(11), 1475–1482. https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(94)90109-0
  • Miller, A. H., & Wattenberg, M. P. (1984). Politics from the Pulpit: Religiosity and the 1980 Elections. Public Opinion Quarterly, 48(1B), 301–317. https://doi.org/10.1093/poq/48.1B.301
  • Malka, A., Lelkes, Y., Srivastava, S., Cohen, A. B., & Miller, D. T. (2012). The association of religiosity and political conservatism: The role of political engagement. Political Psychology, 33(2), 275–299. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9221.2012.00875.x
  • Nudelman, A. E. (1971). Dimensions of religiosity: A factor-analytic view of Protestants, Catholics, and Christian scientists. Review of Religious Research, 13(1), 42–56. https://doi. org/10.2307/3510323
  • Ok, Ü. (2011). Dini Tutum Ölçeği: Ölçek geliştirme ve geçerlik çalışması. Uluslararası İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi, 8(2), 528–549.
  • Özer, G., Özbek, V., Elçi, M., & Aydın, K. (2015). Concurrent validity of different religiosity scales used in researches of marketing ethics and a proposal for a new religiosity scale, Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 13(4), 15–28.
  • Park, J. Z., & Smith, C. (2000). “To whom much has been given...”: Religious capital and community voluntarism among churchgoing Protestants. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 39(3), 272–286.
  • Shehan, C., Wilbur Bock, E., & R. Lee, G. (1990). Religious heterogamy, religiosity, and marital happiness: The case of Catholics. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 52, 73–79. https://doi. org/10.2307/352839
  • Smidt, C. (1999). Religion and civic engagement: A comparative analysis. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 565(1), 176–192. https://doi. org/10.1177/000271629956500112
  • Smith, L. E., & Walker, L. D. (2013). Belonging, believing, and group behavior: Religiosity and voting in American presidential elections. Political Research Quarterly, 66(2), 399–413. https:// doi.org/10.1177/1065912912443873
  • Taniguchi, H., & Thomas, L. D. (2011). The influences of religious attitudes on volunteering. Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, 22(2), 335–355.
  • Taplamacıoğlu, M. (1962). Yaşlara göre dinî yaşantının şiddet ve kesafeti üzerinde bir anket denemesi. Ankara Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 10, 141–151.
  • Tosuner, M. ve Demir, C. İ. (2008). Ege Bölgesi’nin vergi ahlak düzeyi. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 10(2), 355–373.
  • Wallace, J. M., Jr., & Williams, D. R. (1997). Religion and adolescent health-compromising behavior. In J. Schulenberg, J. L. Maggs, & K. Hurrelmann (Eds.), Health risks and developmental transitions during adolescence (pp. 444–468). New York, NY, US: Cambridge University Press.
  • Weber, M. (2013). The Protestant ethic and the spirit of capitalism. New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Weigert, A. J., & Thomas, D. L. (1970). Socialization and religiosity: A cross-national analysis of Catholic adolescents. Sociometry, 33, 305–326. https://doi.org/10.2307/2786160
  • Wilkes, R. E., Burnett, J. J., & Howell, R. D. (1986). On the meaning and measurement of religiosity in consumer research. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 14(1), 47–56. https://doi. org/10.1007/BF02722112
  • Willits, F. K., & Crider, D. M. (1988). Religion and well-being: Men and women in the middle years. Review of Religious Research, 29(3), 281–294. https://doi.org/10.2307/3511225
  • Wuthnow, R. (1999). Mobilizing civic engagement: The changing impact of religious involvement. In T. Skocpol & M. Fiorina (Eds.), Civil engagement in American democracy (pp. 331–364). Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.
  • Wuthnow, R., & Hodgkinson, V. A. (1990). Faith and philanthropy in America: Exploring the role of religion in America’s voluntary sector. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
  • Yeung, A. B. (2004). An intricate triangle—Religiosity, volunteering, and social capital: The European perspective, the case of Finland. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 33(3), 401–422. https://doi.org/10.1177/0899764004265426
  • Yapıcı, A. (2006). Yeni Bir Dindarlık Ölçeği ve üniversiteli gençlerin dinin etkisini hissetme düzeyi: Çukurova Üniversitesi örneği. Çukurova Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 6(1), 5–38.
  • Yılmaz, H. (2006). Türkiye’de muhafazakarlık: Aile, din, devlet, cinsiyet (Yayımlanmamış Araştırma Raporu).
  • Young, G., & Dowling, W. (1987). Dimensions of religiosity in old age: Accounting for variation in types of participation. Journal of Gerontology, 42(4), 376–380. https://doi.org/10.1093/ geronj/42.4.376

Socio-demographic and Socio-cultural Predictors of Religiosity in Turkey

Year 2019, Volume: 39 Issue: 2, 303 - 328, 31.12.2019

Abstract

Using quantitative techniques, this article explores the unique effects of the socio-demographic factors of gender, age, employment status, income level, and marital status, as well as the socio-cultural factors of education, rural-urban background, and religious denomination on levels of religiosity in Turkey. The data set comes from the Survey of Religious Life in Turkey (Türkiye’de Dini Hayat Araştırması) which was conducted by the Presidency of Religious Affairs (Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı) in Turkey. This study measures religiosity in three ways. The first includes self-reported religiosity levels. The second is the frequency of performing the five daily prayers. The third measure explores the degree to which participants agree with the Islamic religious practice of inheritance where male descendants inherit twice the amount that females do. Therefore, this article investigates how individuals’ socio-demographic profiles and socio-cultural backgrounds predict these three aspects of religiosity in the ordinal logistic regression models. All the variables except income have significant effects on religiosity in all three measures. The findings indicate differences to be present in the ways this study’s independent variables predict the first two measures of religiosity (self-reported religiosity levels and frequency of daily prayers) compared to how they predict the last (perception of gender differences in inheritance).

References

  • Akın, H. B. ve Şentürk, E. (2012). Bireylerin mutluluk düzeylerinin ordinal lojistik regresyon analizi ile incelenmesi. Öneri Dergisi, 10(37), 183–193.
  • Akşit, B., Şentürk, R., Cengiz, K. ve Küçükural, Ö. (2012). Türkiye’de dindarlık: Sosyal gerilimler ekseninde inanç ve yaşam biçimleri. İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
  • Aktan, H. (1991). Mukayeseli İslam miras hukuku. İstanbul: İşaret Yayınları.
  • Albrecht, S. L., & Heaton, T. B. (1984). Secularization, higher education, and religiosity. Review of Religious Research, 26(1), 43–58. https://doi.org/10.2307/3511041
  • Alston, J. P. (1975). Three measures of current levels of religiosity. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 14(2), 165–168. https://doi.org/10.2307/1384739
  • Argue, A., Johnson, D. R., & White L. K. (1999). Age and religiosity: Evidence from a three-wave panel analysis. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 1, 423–435.
  • Arslan, M. (2003). Popüler Dindarlık Ölçeği’nin geliştirilmesi: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Dinbilimleri Akademik Araştırma Dergisi, 3(4), 97–116.
  • Brown, E., Orbuch, T. L., & Bauermeister, J. A. (2008). Religiosity and marital stability among black American and white American couples. Family Relations, 57(2), 186–197. https://doi.org/10.1111/ j.1741-3729.2008.00493.x
  • Cornwall, M. (1989). Faith development of men and women over the life span. In S. J. Bahr & E. T. Peterson (Eds.), Aging and the family (pp. 115–139). Lexington, MA, England: Lexington Books/D. C. Heath and Com.
  • Çarkoğlu, A. ve Toprak, B. (2000). Değişen Türkiye’de din, toplum ve siyaset. İstanbul: Türkiye Ekonomik ve Sosyal Etüdler Vakfı.
  • Çayabatmaz, E. (2016). Kur’an’ı Kerim bağlamında İslami Dindarlık Ölçeği denemesi (Yüksek lisans tezi, Erciyes Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Kayseri). https://tez.yok.gov.tr/ UlusalTezMerkezi/ adresinden edinilmiştir.
  • Davie, G. (2012). From believing without belonging to vicarious religion: Understanding the patterns of religion in modern Europe. In D. Pollack & D. V.A. Olson (Eds.), The role of religion in modern societies (pp. 171–182). New York, NY: Routledge.
  • de Vaus, D., & McAllister, I. (1987). Gender differences in religion: A test of the structural location theory. American Sociological Review, 52(4), 472–481. https://doi.org/10.2307/2095292
  • Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı. (2014). Türkiye’de dini hayat araştırması. Ankara: Yazar.
  • Dudley, M. G., & Kosinski, F. A. (1990). Religiosity and marital satisfaction: A research note. Review of Religious Research, 32(1), 78–86. https://doi.org/10.2307/3511329
  • Durkheim, E. (2014). The division of labor in society. New York, NY: Simon and Schuster.
  • Ellison, C. G., & Levin, J. S. (1998). The religion-health connection: Evidence, theory, and future directions. Health Education & Behavior, 25(6), 700–720. https://doi. org/10.1177/109019819802500603
  • Hunt, R. A., & King, M. B. (1978). Religiosity and marriage. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 17(4), 399–406. https://doi.org/10.2307/1385403
  • Hunsberger, B. (1978). The religiosity of college students: Stability and change over years at university. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 17(2), 159–164. https://doi. org/10.2307/1386159
  • Gaunt, R. (2006). Couple similarity and marital satisfaction: Are similar spouses happier? Journal of Personality, 74(5), 1401–1420. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2006.00414.x
  • Gerber, A. S., Gruber, J., & Hungerman, D. M. (2016). Does church attendance cause people to vote? Using Blue Laws’ repeal to estimate the effect of religiosity on voter turnout. British Journal of Political Science, 46(3), 481–500. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123414000416
  • Glock, C. Y. (1962). On the study of religious commitment. Religious Education, 57(4), 98–110. https://doi.org/10.1080/003440862057S407
  • Glock, C. Y., & Rodney, S. (1965). Religion and society in tension (Pencil Margin Notes ed.). Rand McNally.
  • Heelas, P., Woodhead, L., Seel, B., Szerszynski, B., & Tusting, K. (2005). The spiritual revolution: Why religion is giving way to spirituality. Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
  • Jones, A. E., & Elliott, M. (2017). Examining social desirability in measures of religion and spirituality using the bogus pipeline. Review of Religious Research, 59(1), 47–64.
  • Kenney, B. P., Cromwell, R. E., & Vaughan, C. E. (1977). Identifying the socio-contextual forms of religiosity among urban ethnic minority group members. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 16(3), 237–244. https://doi.org/10.2307/1385694
  • Levin, J. S. (1994). Religion and health: Is there an association, is it valid, and is it causal? Social Science & Medicine, 38(11), 1475–1482. https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(94)90109-0
  • Miller, A. H., & Wattenberg, M. P. (1984). Politics from the Pulpit: Religiosity and the 1980 Elections. Public Opinion Quarterly, 48(1B), 301–317. https://doi.org/10.1093/poq/48.1B.301
  • Malka, A., Lelkes, Y., Srivastava, S., Cohen, A. B., & Miller, D. T. (2012). The association of religiosity and political conservatism: The role of political engagement. Political Psychology, 33(2), 275–299. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9221.2012.00875.x
  • Nudelman, A. E. (1971). Dimensions of religiosity: A factor-analytic view of Protestants, Catholics, and Christian scientists. Review of Religious Research, 13(1), 42–56. https://doi. org/10.2307/3510323
  • Ok, Ü. (2011). Dini Tutum Ölçeği: Ölçek geliştirme ve geçerlik çalışması. Uluslararası İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi, 8(2), 528–549.
  • Özer, G., Özbek, V., Elçi, M., & Aydın, K. (2015). Concurrent validity of different religiosity scales used in researches of marketing ethics and a proposal for a new religiosity scale, Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 13(4), 15–28.
  • Park, J. Z., & Smith, C. (2000). “To whom much has been given...”: Religious capital and community voluntarism among churchgoing Protestants. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 39(3), 272–286.
  • Shehan, C., Wilbur Bock, E., & R. Lee, G. (1990). Religious heterogamy, religiosity, and marital happiness: The case of Catholics. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 52, 73–79. https://doi. org/10.2307/352839
  • Smidt, C. (1999). Religion and civic engagement: A comparative analysis. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 565(1), 176–192. https://doi. org/10.1177/000271629956500112
  • Smith, L. E., & Walker, L. D. (2013). Belonging, believing, and group behavior: Religiosity and voting in American presidential elections. Political Research Quarterly, 66(2), 399–413. https:// doi.org/10.1177/1065912912443873
  • Taniguchi, H., & Thomas, L. D. (2011). The influences of religious attitudes on volunteering. Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, 22(2), 335–355.
  • Taplamacıoğlu, M. (1962). Yaşlara göre dinî yaşantının şiddet ve kesafeti üzerinde bir anket denemesi. Ankara Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 10, 141–151.
  • Tosuner, M. ve Demir, C. İ. (2008). Ege Bölgesi’nin vergi ahlak düzeyi. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 10(2), 355–373.
  • Wallace, J. M., Jr., & Williams, D. R. (1997). Religion and adolescent health-compromising behavior. In J. Schulenberg, J. L. Maggs, & K. Hurrelmann (Eds.), Health risks and developmental transitions during adolescence (pp. 444–468). New York, NY, US: Cambridge University Press.
  • Weber, M. (2013). The Protestant ethic and the spirit of capitalism. New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Weigert, A. J., & Thomas, D. L. (1970). Socialization and religiosity: A cross-national analysis of Catholic adolescents. Sociometry, 33, 305–326. https://doi.org/10.2307/2786160
  • Wilkes, R. E., Burnett, J. J., & Howell, R. D. (1986). On the meaning and measurement of religiosity in consumer research. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 14(1), 47–56. https://doi. org/10.1007/BF02722112
  • Willits, F. K., & Crider, D. M. (1988). Religion and well-being: Men and women in the middle years. Review of Religious Research, 29(3), 281–294. https://doi.org/10.2307/3511225
  • Wuthnow, R. (1999). Mobilizing civic engagement: The changing impact of religious involvement. In T. Skocpol & M. Fiorina (Eds.), Civil engagement in American democracy (pp. 331–364). Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.
  • Wuthnow, R., & Hodgkinson, V. A. (1990). Faith and philanthropy in America: Exploring the role of religion in America’s voluntary sector. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
  • Yeung, A. B. (2004). An intricate triangle—Religiosity, volunteering, and social capital: The European perspective, the case of Finland. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 33(3), 401–422. https://doi.org/10.1177/0899764004265426
  • Yapıcı, A. (2006). Yeni Bir Dindarlık Ölçeği ve üniversiteli gençlerin dinin etkisini hissetme düzeyi: Çukurova Üniversitesi örneği. Çukurova Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 6(1), 5–38.
  • Yılmaz, H. (2006). Türkiye’de muhafazakarlık: Aile, din, devlet, cinsiyet (Yayımlanmamış Araştırma Raporu).
  • Young, G., & Dowling, W. (1987). Dimensions of religiosity in old age: Accounting for variation in types of participation. Journal of Gerontology, 42(4), 376–380. https://doi.org/10.1093/ geronj/42.4.376
There are 50 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Sociology
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Zübeyir Nişancı This is me 0000-0001-6418-9912

Ümmügülsüm Aysan This is me 0000-0002-5489-763X

Publication Date December 31, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 39 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Nişancı, Z., & Aysan, Ü. (2019). Türkiye’de Sosyodemografik ve Sosyokültürel Göstergelere Göre Dindarlık Seviyeleri. İstanbul University Journal of Sociology, 39(2), 303-328.
AMA Nişancı Z, Aysan Ü. Türkiye’de Sosyodemografik ve Sosyokültürel Göstergelere Göre Dindarlık Seviyeleri. İstanbul University Journal of Sociology. December 2019;39(2):303-328.
Chicago Nişancı, Zübeyir, and Ümmügülsüm Aysan. “Türkiye’de Sosyodemografik Ve Sosyokültürel Göstergelere Göre Dindarlık Seviyeleri”. İstanbul University Journal of Sociology 39, no. 2 (December 2019): 303-28.
EndNote Nişancı Z, Aysan Ü (December 1, 2019) Türkiye’de Sosyodemografik ve Sosyokültürel Göstergelere Göre Dindarlık Seviyeleri. İstanbul University Journal of Sociology 39 2 303–328.
IEEE Z. Nişancı and Ü. Aysan, “Türkiye’de Sosyodemografik ve Sosyokültürel Göstergelere Göre Dindarlık Seviyeleri”, İstanbul University Journal of Sociology, vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 303–328, 2019.
ISNAD Nişancı, Zübeyir - Aysan, Ümmügülsüm. “Türkiye’de Sosyodemografik Ve Sosyokültürel Göstergelere Göre Dindarlık Seviyeleri”. İstanbul University Journal of Sociology 39/2 (December 2019), 303-328.
JAMA Nişancı Z, Aysan Ü. Türkiye’de Sosyodemografik ve Sosyokültürel Göstergelere Göre Dindarlık Seviyeleri. İstanbul University Journal of Sociology. 2019;39:303–328.
MLA Nişancı, Zübeyir and Ümmügülsüm Aysan. “Türkiye’de Sosyodemografik Ve Sosyokültürel Göstergelere Göre Dindarlık Seviyeleri”. İstanbul University Journal of Sociology, vol. 39, no. 2, 2019, pp. 303-28.
Vancouver Nişancı Z, Aysan Ü. Türkiye’de Sosyodemografik ve Sosyokültürel Göstergelere Göre Dindarlık Seviyeleri. İstanbul University Journal of Sociology. 2019;39(2):303-28.