Evsizlikten Kurtulmada Bir Sosyal Güvenlik Aracı Olarak Konut

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 44 Sayı: 2, 881 - 910, 31.12.2024

Hicran Atatanır

Öz

Evsizlik sosyal güvencesizliğin mekânsal bir dışa vurumudur. Barınma gereksinimini karşılamanın bir yolu olan konutsa, aynı zamanda, bir sosyal güvenlik aracıdır. Sosyal güvenlik düzenleri iyelik (mülkiyet) hakkının kullanımı ve toplumsal adalet ilişkisindeki çelişkileri yönetmenin yollarından birini, sigortalıları konut edinme konusunda desteklemek biçiminde tanımlamıştır. Evsiz olmak ya da kalmak özünde toplumsal bir risktir ve bu riskin önlemlerle yönetilmesinde konut edindirmek ya da edinilmiş konut hakkını korumak etkili bir stratejidir. Çalışmada öncelikle evsizliğin neden genişleyen toplumsal bir risk oluşturduğu seçili ülkeler ve Türkiye için derlenen güncel veriler ışığında ortaya konulmuştur. Ardından evsizlik riskine karşı geliştirilen sosyal güvenlik uygulamalarına ve konut edindirme yardımlarına yakından bakılarak izlenen politikaların etkililiği tartışmaya açılmıştır. Bu tartışma ışığında Türkiye’de evsizlik riskine karşı sosyal güvenlik düzeninin işlevselliğini ileriye taşımaya yönelik önerilere yer verilmiştir. Sonuç bölümünde evsizlik riskinden kurtulmanın ana patikalarından biri olarak sosyal güvenliğin, iş ilişkilerinin değişen doğası ve yeni toplumsal belirsizlikler çağında daha etkili ve kapsayıcı olmasına ilişkin saptamalara yer verilmiştir. Makale, özünde, evsizliği yalnızca bir insan hakları sorunu olarak değil, aynı zamanda kamu hizmetlerine erişimin ısrarla engellenmesi nedeniyle bir yaşam biçimine dönüşen sosyal güvencesizliğin kritik evresi olarak nitelendiren bir yaklaşım benimsemektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Evsizlik, sosyal güvenlik, konut hakkı, toplumsal adalet

Housing as a Social Security Instrument to Overcome Homelessness

Öz

Homelessness is a spatial manifestation of social insecurity. Housing, a means of satisfying the need for shelter, is also an instrument of social security. Social security systems have defined one of the ways of dealing with the contradictions in the relationship between the exercise of the right to property and social justice as assisting the insured to acquire housing. Becoming or remaining homeless is essentially a social risk, and housing or protecting the right to acquired housing is an effective strategy to manage this risk through policies. This study first presents the reasons why homelessness is a growing social risk, based on recent data collected for selected countries and Turkey. It then discusses the effectiveness of the policies pursued by looking closely at the social security practises and housing subsidies developed against the risk of homelessness. In light of this discussion, suggestions are made to improve the functionality of the social security system against the risk of homelessness in Turkey. In the concluding section, it is concluded that social security, as one of the main ways to overcome the risk of homelessness, should be more effective and inclusive in the era of changing nature of labour relations and new social uncertainties. In essence, the article adopts an approach that characterises homelessness not only as a human rights issue but, also as a critical phase of social insecurity that has become a way of life due to the persistent denial of access to public services.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Homelessness, social security, right to housing, social justice

Kaynakça

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