Bovine tuberculosis; a potential infectious zoonotic disease and some important perspectives in recent literature

Abstract

Bovine tuberculosis is an important and considerable public health issue. Based on recent literature, this review focuses on basic and beginner-level learners to provide a comprehensive understanding of the disease, its transmission, diagnostic procedures, control, and prevention, including pathogenesis and etiology, all in one package. Developing countries and especially the rural population are at risk. Veterinary professionals and animal handlers are a specific category within a population to be on risk for infection. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is known for its resilient nature, largely due to its complex cell wall structure. This feature is developing it into an unbeatable multidrug-resistant pathogen. Proper awareness, screening of animals, carcass examination, isolation and quarantine protocols, and living standards are the critical areas that need to be focused on for its control and prevention. The modern scientific era requires direct implementation of data through translational research for precision medicine and diagnostics. Post-antibiotic therapeutics will be in demand in the coming days, and the scientific community should rigorously work on it. Differential diagnosis is key to achieving precision diagnostics. Reliable and accurate laboratory tests like ELISA, PCR, and bacterial culture should be done rather than just clinical signs and lesion-based diagnosis.

Keywords

• Mycobacterium bovis
• Tuberculosis
• Zoonosis
• Transmission
• Control

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