Orta Doğu Kavramı ve Orta Doğu’nun Tarihsel Kırılma Noktaları (1878-1979)

Year 2024, Issue: 45, 1 - 26, 05.07.2024

Hulusi Köse

https://doi.org/10.26650/YTA2024-1430261

Abstract

Modern Orta Doğu kavramı, 19. yüzyılda Batı devletlerinin kolonyal gündemlerinin bir sonucu olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. O tarihten günümüze kadar Orta Doğu toprakları, Batılı güçlerin siyasi, stratejik ve iktisadi amaçları ekseninde hâkimiyet kurma çabalarına sahne olmuştur. Bu çalışmada, Orta Doğu kavramının nasıl ortaya çıktığı ve 1878-1979 yılları arasında Orta Doğu’nun tarihsel kırılma noktaları ile bunun Batı kamuoyu algısına etkisi incelenecektir. Makale, temelde iki ana bölümden oluşmaktadır. İlk bölümde; belirli siyasal amaçlar doğrultusunda Orta Doğu’nun coğrafi, sosyolojik ve politik bir imkân olarak modern dönemde nasıl kavramsallaştırıldığı ele alınmaktadır. Ardından 19. yüzyılın son çeyreğinden 20. yüzyılın ilk üç çeyreğine dek, zihinlerdeki Orta Doğu kurgusunun şekillenmesine yol açan gelişmeler, bu düşünsel bağlam içinde değerlendirilmektir. Burada amaçlanan Orta Doğu olarak nitelenen bölgedeki gelişmelerin modern dönemde kronolojik bir dökümünü yapmak değildir. Bunun yerine 1878-1979 yılları arasında yaşanan gelişmelerin, günümüzde özellikle Batı kamuoyunun zihninde oluşturduğu “Orta Doğu” algısına etkisi incelenecektir.

Keywords

Orta Doğu Kavramı, Doğu Meselesi, Uluslararası İlişkiler, Birinci Dünya Savaşı, İkinci Dünya Savaşı, İsrail Sorunsalı, Filistin, Kudüs

The Concept of the Middle East and the Historical Breaking Points of the Middle East (1878-1979)

Abstract

The concept of the modern Middle East originated in the 19th century due to the colonial ambitions of Western nations. Since then, the Middle East has been a battleground for Western powers seeking to assert control over its political, strategic, and economic interests. This study examines the historical construction of the “Middle East” concept, focusing on the period between 1878 and 1979 as a critical juncture. It analyzes how this construction shaped the perception of the region in Western public opinion. The article is divided into two main parts. The first part examines how the Middle East was perceived as a geographical, sociological, and political asset for specific political goals in the modern era. It then analyzes the events that shaped the concept of the Middle East from the late 19th century to the late 20th century within this ideological framework. The focus is not on providing a chronological account of Middle Eastern developments in the modern era but on assessing how the events between 1878 and 1979 have influenced the Western public’s perception of the “Middle East” today.

Keywords

Middle East, Eastern Question, International Relations, World War I, World War II, the Israel Problematic, Palestine, Jerusalem

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