Dirençli Tedarik Zinciri Yönetiminde Kritik Risk Faktörlerinin Swara Yöntemi İle Belirlenmesi

Abstract

İnsanlık tarihinde ilk olarak fiziksel dağıtım şeklinde ortaya çıkan tedarik zinciri yönetimi günümüzde birçok faktörden etkilenen küresel bir sektör haline gelmiştir. Artık şirketler uluslararası alanda faaliyet gösterebilmekte, uluslararası tedarikçilerle iş birliği yapabilmektedir. Bu durum tedarik zincirlerinin doğru stratejilerle yürütülmediğinde dalgalanmalara ve kırılmalara yol açarak aksamalara neden olmaktadır. Dünya genelinde finansal krizler ve doğal afetlerle birlikte tedarik zincirlerinde sorunlar görülse de, bu sorunlar Covid 19 pandemisi döneminde zirve yapmıştır. Sadece ulusal firmalar değil küresel anlamda tüm firmalar tedarik sorunu yaşamış, büyük ölçekli firmalar bile faaliyet yürütemez bir hale gelmiştir. Tüm bu durumlar afet dönemleri karşısında tedarik zincirlerinin dirençli olması gerekliliğini ortaya koymuştur. Afet durumlarının zararlarının minimize edilmesi ve tedarik sorunları yaşamaması için tedarik zincirlerinin dirençli olması gerekmektedir. Covid 19 pandemisi ile beraber dirençli tedarik zincirleri ya da dayanıklı tedarik zincirleri üzerine çalışmalar yoğunlaşmış olsa da farklı yöntemler ve bakış açılarıyla literatürün zenginleştirilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu nedenle bu çalışma tasarlanmış ve çok kriterli karar verme yöntemlerinden SWARA yöntemleriyle dirençli tedarik zinciri yönetiminde önemli rol oynayan kritik risk faktörlerinin ve önem derecelerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu doğrultuda literatürde yapılan detaylı incelemeler sonucunda kritik risk faktörleri belirlenmiş, tedarik zinciri yönetiminde rol alan altı uzman tarafından ise karşılaştırılarak ağırlıklandırılmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda kritik risk faktörleri belirlenerek, sıralanmış ve yöneticilerin hangi konulara öncelik vermesi gerektiği belirlenmiştir. Tedarik zinciri yönetiminde dirençliliği etkileyen söz konusu kritik risk faktörlerinin bilinmesi, işletme yöneticilerinin bunların farkına vararak organizasyonlarını dizayn etmelerinde ve dirençli bir yapı oluşturmaları bakımından önem arz etmektedir. Bu bakımdan çalışma sonuçları, tedarik zincirlerinin dirençlilik bakımından tasarlanmasına, işletmelerin kendilerini kontrol ederek süreçlerini iyileştirmelerine ve sektörel çalışanların dirençli tedarik zinciri algılarını belirlemelerine katkıda bulunacaktır.

Keywords

• Dirençli Tedarik Zinciri Yönetimi
• Çok Kriterli Karar Verme
• SWARA

DETERMINING THE CRITICAL RISK FACTORS IN RESILIENT SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT WITH SWARA METHOD

Abstract

The supply chain management, which first emerged in the history of mankind in the form of physical distribution, has become a global sector influenced by many factors. Nowadays, companies can operate internationally and cooperate with international suppliers. This situation causes disruptions by causing fluctuations and breakages when supply chains are not carried out with the right strategies. Although there are problems in supply chains worldwide with financial crises and natural disasters, these problems peaked during the Covid 19 pandemic. Not only national companies but also all companies globally have experienced supply problems, and even large-scale companies have become unable to operate. All these situations have revealed the need for supply chains to be resilient in the face of disaster periods. Supply chains need to be resilient in order to minimize the damages of disaster situations and avoid supply problems. Although studies on resilient supply chains or resilient supply chains have intensified with the Covid 19 pandemic, the literature needs to be enriched with different methods and perspectives. Accordingly, this study was designed and aimed to determine the critical risk factors and their importance levels that play an important role in resilient supply chain management with SWARA methods, one of the multi-criteria decision-making methods. In this respect, critical risk factors were identified as a result of detailed examinations in the literature, and they were compared and weighted by six experts involved in supply chain management. As a result of the analyses, critical risk factors were identified and ranked, and it was determined which issues should be prioritized by managers. It is important for business managers to be aware of these critical risk factors that affect resilience in supply chain management, to design their organizations by recognizing them and to create a resilient structure. The results of this study will contribute to the design of supply chains in terms of resilience, to improve the processes of businesses by controlling themselves and to determine the perceptions of sectoral employees about resilient supply chains.

Keywords

• Resilient Supply Chain Management
• Multi-Criteria Decision Making
• SWARA

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