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Şeker pancarı ve yan ürünlerinden biyoyakıt (etanol) üretimi ve biyoetanolün endüstriyel kullanımının değerlendirilmesi

Year 2020, Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 16 - 24, 11.09.2020

Abstract

Dünyada kullanılan enerjinin %80’inden fazlası kömür, doğal gaz ve petrol gibi fosil yakıtlardan karşılanmaktadır. Günümüzde artan enerji ihtiyacına bağlı olarak artan fosil yakıt kullanımı sera gazı emisyonu, asit yağmurları gibi olumsuz çevresel etkilere ve iklim değişikliklerine neden olmaktadır. Yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarından biri olan biyokütlenin çeşitli termokimyasal prosesler sonucunda elde edilen biyoyakıtlar, fosil yakıtlara alternatif olarak kabul edilmektedir. Biyoyakıt üretiminin fosil yakıtlara göre daha pahalı olması nedeniyle günümüzde uygun maliyetli teknolojilerin geliştirilmesi büyük önem arz etmektedir. Önemli biyoyakıtlardan biri olan biyoetanol şeker, nişasta ve selüloz içeren biyokütlenin fermente edilmesiyle elde edilir. Biyoetanol yüksek oktan sayısına sahip olup mısır, patates, şeker kamışı, şeker pancarından fermantasyon (mayalanma) yoluyla üretilmektedir. Mısır, kolza tohumu vb. alternatifleri göz önünde bulundurulduğunda şeker pancarının (Beta vulgaris var. saccharifera) biyoyakıt için en verimli hammadde olması ile birlikte daha ekonomik olduğu bildirilmektedir. Ayrıca şeker pancarı, tahıl ve diğer selülozik bitkilere kıyasla direkt olarak fermente edilebilme avantajına da sahiptir. Şeker pancarı posası (SPP), şeker pancarından sükrozun ekstrakte edilmesiyle geriye kalan bitkisel materyaldir. Melas ise şekerin daha fazla ekstrakte edilemediği şeker pancarı şurubudur. SPP’nin ve melasın biyoetanol elde edilmesinde kullanımı çevresel atığın değerlendirilmesi açısından önemlidir. SPP ve melasın karıştırmalı biyoreaktör tanklarında Saccharomyces cerevisiae ve çeşitli mikroorganizmalar ile fermantasyonu sonucunda etanol elde edilir. Gerçekleşen fermentasyon sonrasında oluşan etanolü saflaştırmak ve konsantrasyonunu artırmak için distilasyon ve susuzlaştırma işlemi uygulanmaktadır. Saflaştırma işlemiyle CO2, yan ürünler ve daha sonra çeşitli amaçlarla kullanılmak üzere biyoetanol elde edilmektedir. Bu derleme çalışmasında şeker pancarı ve SPP’den biyoyakıt olarak birçok avantajı bulunan biyoetanol üretim prosesi, fermentasyon işlemi ve endüstrideki önemi konularına değinilmiştir.

References

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Year 2020, Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 16 - 24, 11.09.2020

Abstract

References

  • Akbas, M. Y., & Stark, B. C. (2016). Recent trends in bioethanol production from food processing byproducts. Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, 43(11), 1593–1609. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10295-016-1821-z
  • Altunbay, Ş.G., Kangal, A., Gürel, S., (2016). Şeker Pancarından Biyoetanol Üretimi. Tarla Bitkileri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 25: 334-339.
  • Anonim, (2019a). Türkiye Şeker Fabrikaları A.Ş. Sektör Raporu 2018, Mayıs-2019. https://www.turkseker.gov.tr/data/dokumanlar/2018_Sektor_Raporu.pdf Son Erişim Tarihi: 29.05.2020
  • Anonim, (2019b). https://www.nordzucker.com/en/business/bioethanol/wide-range-of-applications.html Son Erişim Tarihi: 29.05.2020
  • Anonim, (2020a). Konya Şeker Biyoetanol Üretim Tesisi Bilgileri http://konyaseker.com.tr/tr/icerik/detay/2085/biyoetanol-uretim-tesisi, Son Erişim Tarihi: 29.05.2020
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  • Araújo, W. A. (2016). Ethanol Industry: Surpassing Uncertainties and Looking Forward. Sergio L. M. S., Luís A. B. C., José M. F. J., Sergio C. T., & Maria da Graça D. F (Eds.), Global Bioethanol: içinde (pp. 1-33). Academic Press.
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  • Branco, R.H.R., Serafim, L.S. & Xavier, A.M.R.B. (2019). Second Generation Bioethanol Production: On the Use of Pulp and Paper Industry Wastes as Feedstock. Fermentation, 5 (1), 4, https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation5010004
  • Bukvić, Ž., Kralik, D., Milaković, Z., Bogut, I., Miloš, S., (2008). Cereal Research Communications , Vol. 36, Supplement: Proceedings of the VII. Alps-Adria Scientific Workshop, Stara Lesna, Slovakia, 575-578.
  • Bušić, A., Marđetko, N., Kundas, S., Morzak, G., Belskaya, H., Šantek, M. I., Šantek, B. (2018). Bioethanol Production from Renewable Raw Materials and its Separation and Purification: A Review. Food Technology and Biotechnology, 56(3). doi:10.17113/ftb.56.03.18.5546
  • Canan, S. & Ceyhan, V., Ağırnaslıgil, T. (2016). Türkiye’de Biyokütle Fiyatındaki Değişimin Biyoetanol Maliyeti Üzerine Etkileri. XII Ulusal Tarım Ekonomisi Kongresinde sunulan bildiri, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Isparta. http://www.tarimarsiv.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/63-1.pdf
  • Cárdenas-Fernández, M., Bawn, M., Hamley-Bennett, C., Bharat, P. K. V., Subrizi, F., Suhaili, N., Lye, G. J. (2017). An integrated biorefinery concept for conversion of sugar beet pulp into value-added chemicals and pharmaceutical intermediates. Faraday Discussions, 202, 415–431. doi: 10.1039/c7fd00094d
  • Conde-Mejía, C., Jiménez-Gutiérrez, A., & Gómez-Castro, F. I. (2016). Purification of Bioethanol from a Fermentation Process: Alternatives for Dehydration. Computer Aided Chemical Engineering 26th European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering, 373-378. doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-63428-3.50067-9
  • Demirbaş, A. (2008). Biofuels sources, biofuel policy, biofuel economy and global biofuel projections. Energy Conversion and Management, 49:2106–2116. doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2008.02.020.
  • Duraisam, R., Salelgn, K., Berekete, A.K. (2017). Production of beet sugar and bio-ethanol from sugar beet and it bagasse: A review. International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology, 43(4): 222-233. Doi: 10.14445/22315381/IJETT-V43P237
  • ETKB, (2020). Dünya Enerji Görünümü. Enerji ve Tabi Kaynaklar Bakanlığı, Enerji işleri müdürlüğü. https://www.enerji.gov.tr/tr-TR/Anasayfa Son Erişim Tarihi: 29.05.2020
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  • Gumienna, M., Szambelan, K., Jeleń, H., Czarnecki, Z. (2014). Evaluation of ethanol fermentation parameters for bioethanol production from sugar beet pulp and juice. Journal of the Institute of Brewling, 120: 543–549. doi: 10.1002/jib.181.
  • Haankuku, C., Epplin, F. M., & Kakani, V. G. (2015). Industrial sugar beets to biofuel: Field to fuel production system and cost estimates. Biomass and Bioenergy, 80, 267-277. doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.05.027
  • Hinková, A., Bubník, Z. (2001). Sugar beet as a raw material for bioethanol production. Czech J. Food Sci., 19: 224-234.
  • Içöz, E., Tuğrul, K. M., Saral, A., & Içöz, E. (2009). Research on ethanol production and use from sugar beet in Turkey. Biomass and Bioenergy, 33(1), 1–7. doi: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2008.05.005
  • Karp, A., Richter, G. M. (2011). Meeting the challenge of food and energy security. Journal of Experimental Botany, 62(10), 3263-3271. doi:10.1093/jxb/err099
  • Khan, I., Akhtar, M. W. (2011). Bioenergy Production From Plant Biomass: Bioethanol From Concept To Reality. Nature Precedings. doi:10.1038/npre.2011.6286.1
  • Lee, S. Y., Kim, H. U., Chae, T. U., Cho, J. S., Kim, J. W., Shin, J. H., Jang, Y. (2019). Author Correction: A comprehensive metabolic map for production of bio-based chemicals. Nature Catalysis, 2(10), 942-944. doi:10.1038/s41929-019-0358-8
  • Lopes, M.C., Paulillo, S. C. L., Godoy, A., Cherubin, R. A., Lorenzi, M. S., Giometti, F. H. C. ... Amorim, H. V. (2016). Ethanol production in Brazil: a bridge between science and industry. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 166: 1-13. doi: 10.1016/j.bjm.2016.10.003
  • Maryana, R., Wahono, S. K., Handoko, L. T., & Siregar, M. R. (2009). Production and Purification of Bioethanol from Molasses and Cassava. AIP Conference Proceedings. doi:10.1063/1.3243248
  • Mendoza-Pedroza, J.J., Segovia-Hernandez, J. G. (2018). Alternative Schemes for the Purification of Bioethanol: A Comparative Study. Recent Advances in Petrochemical Science, 4(2). doi:10.19080/rapsci.2018.04.555631
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Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Zeynep Güneş This is me 0000-0002-4219-2368

Hatice Ebrar Kırtıl 0000-0003-0784-4452

Yasemin Şefika Küçükata 0000-0002-2316-1507

Biset Toprak 0000-0003-1009-789X

Publication Date September 11, 2020
Submission Date June 26, 2020
Acceptance Date August 17, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 2 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Güneş, Z., Kırtıl, H. E., Küçükata, Y. Ş., Toprak, B. (2020). Şeker pancarı ve yan ürünlerinden biyoyakıt (etanol) üretimi ve biyoetanolün endüstriyel kullanımının değerlendirilmesi. İstanbul Sabahattin Zaim Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 2(2), 16-24.

20503

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