Research Article

Satellite-Driven Evaluation of Moisture Dynamics for Irrigation Management in a Semi-Arid Apple Orchard

Volume: 8 Number: 2 December 29, 2025
TR EN

Satellite-Driven Evaluation of Moisture Dynamics for Irrigation Management in a Semi-Arid Apple Orchard

Abstract

Sustainable water management is crucial for maintaining long-term productivity in orchard systems situated in semi-arid environments. This study uses satellite-derived spectral and thermal indices to present a six-year remote sensing-based analysis (2020–2025) of moisture variability in a commercial apple orchard. The research integrates multiple metrics to evaluate soil-plant-atmosphere interactions, enabling the detection of hydrological stress periods and recovery phases through spatial and temporal diagnostics. The findings reveal that the orchard experienced critical water stress in 2020 and 2022, characterized by low canopy and surface moisture across most field zones, which coincided with intensified atmospheric water loss. In contrast, 2025 represented a year of partial recovery, where improved spectral responses aligned with lower evapotranspiration intensity. The year 2024 exhibited a notable anomaly: despite low moisture indicators, vegetation performance was sustained, pointing to localized efficiency in water use or unobserved subsurface retention mechanisms. Spatial mapping revealed distinct dry zones recurring across years, primarily in the northern and eastern sectors of the orchard, underscoring the need for spatially adaptive irrigation practices. The combined index approach offered a more nuanced understanding of water distribution patterns than any single metric could achieve alone. These insights support more responsive and data-driven water management strategies under variable climatic conditions. The study contributes to the growing knowledge on the operational use of remote sensing in precision agriculture. It highlights the integration of spectral moisture indices with thermal water loss metrics to improve field-level decision-making, reduce irrigation inefficiencies, and enhance resilience to climate-induced water challenges in fruit production systems.

Keywords

References

  1. Allen, R. G., Pereira, L. S., Howell, T. A., & Jensen, M. E. (2007). Evapotranspiration information reporting: I. Factors governing measurement accuracy. Agricultural Water Management, 95(4), 529–543.
  2. Altikat, S., Gulbe, A., Kucukerdem, H. K., & Altikat, A. (2020). Applications of artificial neural networks and hybrid models for predicting CO₂ flux from soil to atmosphere. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 17(10), 4719–4732. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-020-02799-6
  3. Borgogno-Mondino, E., Farbo, A., Novello, V., & Palma, L. (2022). A fast regression-based approach to map the water status of pomegranate orchards with Sentinel-2 data. Horticulturae, 8(9), 759. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8090759
  4. Campos, I., Neale, C. M. U., Calera, A., Balbontín, C., & González-Piqueras, J. (2010). Assessing satellite-based basal crop coefficients for irrigated grapes (Vitis vinifera L.). Agricultural Water Management, 98(1), 45–54.
  5. Caruso, G., & Palai, G. (2023). Caruso, G. and Palai, G. (2023) 'Assessing grapevine water status using Sentinel-2 images', Italus Hortus, 30(3), pp. 70-79. doi: 10.26353/j.itahort/2023.3.7079
  6. Celik, A., & Altikat, S. (2022). The effect of power harrow on the wheat residue cover and residue incorporation into the tilled soil layer. Soil & Tillage Research, 215, 105202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2021.105202
  7. Crespo, N., Pádua, L., & Paredes, P. (2025). Spatial-Temporal Dynamics of Vegetation Indices in Response to Drought Across Two Traditional Olive Orchard Regions in the Iberian Peninsula. Sensors. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11946650/
  8. Dursun, G., Yilgan, F. & Dogan, S. Monitoring of Moisture and Temperature Regime on Agricultural Land Parcels Using Landsat-8 Remote Sensing Data in the Mardin Province, Türkiye. J Indian Soc Remote Sens 53, 1875–1890 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12524-024-02114-7

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Biosystem

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

December 29, 2025

Submission Date

May 20, 2025

Acceptance Date

December 28, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 8 Number: 2

APA
Altıkat, A. (2025). Satellite-Driven Evaluation of Moisture Dynamics for Irrigation Management in a Semi-Arid Apple Orchard. Journal of Agriculture, 8(2), 160-171. https://doi.org/10.46876/ja.1700703
AMA
1.Altıkat A. Satellite-Driven Evaluation of Moisture Dynamics for Irrigation Management in a Semi-Arid Apple Orchard. JOAG. 2025;8(2):160-171. doi:10.46876/ja.1700703
Chicago
Altıkat, Alperay. 2025. “Satellite-Driven Evaluation of Moisture Dynamics for Irrigation Management in a Semi-Arid Apple Orchard”. Journal of Agriculture 8 (2): 160-71. https://doi.org/10.46876/ja.1700703.
EndNote
Altıkat A (December 1, 2025) Satellite-Driven Evaluation of Moisture Dynamics for Irrigation Management in a Semi-Arid Apple Orchard. Journal of Agriculture 8 2 160–171.
IEEE
[1]A. Altıkat, “Satellite-Driven Evaluation of Moisture Dynamics for Irrigation Management in a Semi-Arid Apple Orchard”, JOAG, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 160–171, Dec. 2025, doi: 10.46876/ja.1700703.
ISNAD
Altıkat, Alperay. “Satellite-Driven Evaluation of Moisture Dynamics for Irrigation Management in a Semi-Arid Apple Orchard”. Journal of Agriculture 8/2 (December 1, 2025): 160-171. https://doi.org/10.46876/ja.1700703.
JAMA
1.Altıkat A. Satellite-Driven Evaluation of Moisture Dynamics for Irrigation Management in a Semi-Arid Apple Orchard. JOAG. 2025;8:160–171.
MLA
Altıkat, Alperay. “Satellite-Driven Evaluation of Moisture Dynamics for Irrigation Management in a Semi-Arid Apple Orchard”. Journal of Agriculture, vol. 8, no. 2, Dec. 2025, pp. 160-71, doi:10.46876/ja.1700703.
Vancouver
1.Alperay Altıkat. Satellite-Driven Evaluation of Moisture Dynamics for Irrigation Management in a Semi-Arid Apple Orchard. JOAG. 2025 Dec. 1;8(2):160-71. doi:10.46876/ja.1700703