Biber (Capsicum annum L.) Bitkisinde Bakteriyel Leke Hastalık (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria)’ının Antagonistik Bakterilerle Biyolojik Kontrolü

Abstract

Bu çalışmada. biber üretim alanlarında önemli verim kayıplara neden olan bakteriyel leke hastalığı etmeni Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria’ya karşı biyolojik mücadele potansiyeli taşıyan antagonistik bakteri strainlerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Hastalıklı biber bitkilerinden 26 patojen straini elde edilmiştir. Ayrıca sağlıklı biber bitkilerinden ve biber yetiştiriciliği yapılan alanlarda yaygın olarak görülen yabancı ot türlerinin kök ve yapraklarından toplam 53 aday antagonist bakteri straini izole edilmiştir. Patojen ve aday antagonist bakteri strainleri yağ asit metil ester analizi ile tanılanmıştır. Patojenite testi sonucunda en yüksek virülensliğe sahip olduğu belirlenen AK-17 ile yürütülen in vitro antagonizm testleri sonucunda, dokuz strainin Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria gelişimini 10.3–20.3 mm arasında değişen inhibisyon zonları oluşturarak baskıladığı belirlenmiştir. Bu strainlerin Bacillus, Pseudomonas ve Paenibacillus cinslerine ait olduğu tespit edilmiş olup, en yüksek antibakteriyel etki 20.3 mm zon değeri ile Paenibacillus validus DYS-20 straini tarafından sergilenmiştir. Ayrıca patojene karşı antagonistik etki gösteren bakterilerin azot fiksasyonu, fosfor ve potasyum çözünürlüğü ile ACC deaminaz aktivitesi gibi bitki büyümesini destekleyici özelliklere sahip oldukları saptanmıştır. Aynı zamanda strainlerin in vitro biyokontrol mekanizmaları (kitinaz, proteaz, selülaz, siderofor ve HCN) araştırılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular, antagonistik bakteri strainlerinin hem patojen gelişimini engelleme hem de bitki gelişimini teşvik etme yoluyla biber bakteriyel leke hastalığının biyolojik mücadelesinde kullanılabilecek potansiyel biyokontrol ajanları olduğunu göstermektedir.

Keywords

• Capsicum annuum L.
• Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria
• Antagonist Bakteri
• Biyokontrol

Biological Control of Bacterial Spot Disease (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria) in Pepper (Capsicum annum L.) Using Antagonistic Bacteria

Abstract

In this study, it was aimed to determine antagonistic bacterial strains with biological control potential against Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria, the causal agent of bacterial spot disease that leads to significant yield losses in pepper cultivation areas. A total of 26 pathogenic strains were obtained from diseased pepper plants. In addition, 53 candidate antagonistic bacterial strains were isolated from the roots and leaves of healthy pepper plants and from common weed species found in pepper-growing areas. The pathogenic and candidate antagonistic bacterial strains were identified by fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analysis. According to pathogenicity tests, strain AK-17 was determined to have the highest virulence and was used in in vitro antagonism assays. As a result of these tests, nine strains were found to inhibit the growth of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria, forming inhibition zones ranging from 10.3 to 20.3 mm. These strains were identified as belonging to the genera Bacillus, Pseudomonas and Paenibacillus, with the highest antibacterial effect observed in Paenibacillus validus strain DYS-20, which produced an inhibition zone of 20.3 mm. Additionally, the bacteria exhibiting antagonistic activity against the pathogen were found to possess plant growth-promoting traits such as nitrogen fixation, phosphorus and potassium solubilization, and ACC deaminase activity. Moreover, the in vitro biocontrol mechanisms of the strains (chitinase, protease, cellulase, siderophore and HCN production) were also investigated. The findings indicate that the antagonistic bacterial strains have the potential to be used as biocontrol agents in the management of bacterial spot disease in pepper by both suppressing pathogen growth and promoting plant development.

Keywords

• Capsicum annuum L.
• Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria
• Antagonistic Bacteria
• Biocontrol

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