Özet
Vakıf
kelimesi bir mülkü kamunun menfaatine veya bir hayır işine devamlı olarak
terketmek olarak ifade edilir. Para vakıfları ise bir gayrımenkul malın değil
de belirli bir paranın vakfedilmesiyle oluşan vakıf türüdür. Bu vakıflarda para
“mütevelli heyeti” olarak adlandırılan ilgili sorumlu kişiler tarafından
işletilir ve elde edilen kar vakfın kuruluş amacına göre harcanırdı. Osmanlılar
döneminde ulema, kazaskerler ve şeyhülislamlardan bir kısmı nakit para
vakıflarının caiz olduğunu savunurken yine bu tabakadan bazı kişiler de para
vakıflarının caiz olmadığını açıklayan eserler meydana getirmişlerdi. Osmanlı
Devleti’nin ünlü simaları olan Çivi-zâde Muhyiddin Efendi ve kendisiyle aynı
görüşü savunan İmam Birgivi para vakıflarının caiz olmadığını savunurken diğer
taraftan Ebussuud Efendi ve Sofyalı Bali Efendi gibi isimlerde para
vakıflarının caiz olduğunu savunmuşlardı. Nihayetinde Ebussuud Efendi’nin
görüşleri dönemin geçer görüşü olmuş ve bu konuda bazı yaklaşımlar ortaya
konulmuştur. Para vakıfları, Osmanlı cemiyet yapısı içerisinde geçer görüş
kazanmış ve bazı önemli görülen tartışmalara rağmen hem devletin hem de
camiyetin olumlu yönde dikkatini çekmiştir. İşte burada yaptığımız çalışma bu
konular üzerindeki tartışmaların hangi yönde seyrettiği ve ortaya bu konuda
hangi problemlerin çıktığı üzerinedir.
Abstract
The word endowment is expressed as
the permanent abandonment of a property to the public interest or to a
charitable work. ‘Cash wakif’
(charitable cash foundations) are the kind of foundation which are formed by
the endowment of a certain money rather than an immovable property. In these
foundations, the money is run by the responsible persons called “board of
trustees” and the profits obtained are spent according to the purpose of the
establishment of the foundation. During the Ottoman period, while some of the ulema (scholars), kadi-ul asker (religious judges of the army) and shaykh al-islam (scholars of the Islamic
sciences) argued that cash wakifs were permissible, some people from this
stratum also wrote works explaining that money foundations were not acceptable.
Famous figures of the Ottoman Empire, Çivi-zâde Muhyiddin Efendi and his
advocate of the same opinion Imam Birgivi, argued that cash wakifs were not
permissible, while others such as Ebussuud Efendi and Sofyalı Bali Efendi had
argued that cash wakifs were licit. Ultimately, Ebussuud Efendi’s views have
been passed over as the prevailing opinion and some approaches have been put
forward accordingly. Cash wakifs have gained a widespread acceptance within the
Ottoman societal structure, and despite some noteworthy arguments, they
attracted the positive attention of both the state and the community. The study
we do here is about how the arguments on these topics were evolved and what
problems have arisen in this regard.
The word
endowment is expressed as the permanent abandonment of a property to the public
interest or to a charitable work. ‘Cash
wakif’ (charitable cash foundations) are the kind of foundation which are
formed by the endowment of a certain money rather than an immovable property.
In these foundations, the money is run by the responsible persons called “board
of trustees” and the profits obtained are spent according to the purpose of the
establishment of the foundation. During the Ottoman period, while some of the ulema (scholars), kadi-ul asker (religious judges of the army) and shaykh al-islam (scholars of the Islamic
sciences) argued that cash wakifs were permissible, some people from this
stratum also wrote works explaining that money foundations were not acceptable.
Famous figures of the Ottoman Empire, Çivi-zâde Muhyiddin Efendi and his
advocate of the same opinion Imam Birgivi, argued that cash wakifs were not
permissible, while others such as Ebussuud Efendi and Sofyalı Bali Efendi had
argued that cash wakifs were licit. Ultimately, Ebussuud Efendi’s views have
been passed over as the prevailing opinion and some approaches have been put
forward accordingly. Cash wakifs have gained a widespread acceptance within the
Ottoman societal structure, and despite some noteworthy arguments, they
attracted the positive attention of both the state and the community. The study
we do here is about how the arguments on these topics were evolved and what
problems have arisen in this regard.
Primary Language | Turkish |
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Subjects | Religious Studies |
Journal Section | Peer-reviewed Research Articles |
Authors | |
Publication Date | June 15, 2018 |
Published in Issue | Year 2018 Volume: 2 Issue: 2 |
· JAD accepts the Open Access Journal Policy for expanding and flourishing of knowledge.
· Adress: Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt Üniversity, Faculty of Islamic Sciences, Esenboga Campus, Cubuk/Ankara