Investigation of generative high temperature tolerances of some cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) varieties

Year 2023, , 284 - 291, 29.06.2023

Yusuf Güzel Demiray , Remzi Ekinci , Adem Bardak

https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2023.2.5

Abstract

The potential of cotton genotypes to form buds, flowers and bolls is not sufficient to achieve cotton seed yield targets. Despite global warming buds, flowers and bolls that mature in cotton plants must be successfully transformed into products. However, this is related to the generative tolerance of the genotype to high temperature. In study aims to scan the negative effects of high temperature stress on the generative development on cotton varieties registered in Turkey in the last 10 years. The experiment was established in the GAP International Agricultural Research and Training Center trial field in 2020, with 4 blocks according to the Augmented design. Six standards (Tamcot Spnhix, SJU86, AGC208, ST468, ST474, Carmen) and 88 cotton varieties registered in Turkey National Variety List were used as trial material. In this study, high temperature pollen vitality stress index (HTPVSI) and high temperature shedding stress index (HTSSI) properties were investigated. According to the results of the experiments we conducted, it was determined that the HTPVSI values ranged between 0.17-1.26, the HTPVSI averages of the standards were 1.17, and the HTPVSI averages of the genotypes were 0.99. It has been determined that HTSSI values vary between 0.30-1.71. It was determined that the mean HTSSI values of the standards were 0.89 and the genotypes were 1.00. It was determined that there was a wide variation among the genotypes screened for generatively high temperature stress. Using HTSSI and HTPVSI features is recommended as a selection criterion since it is an important trait for screening genotypes in terms of tolerance or sensitivity to generative high temperature stress in cotton plants. In our study, the results were not similar to each other in terms of HTPVSI and HTSSI traits, due to the low share of flower shedding after applying HTSP (High Temperature Shock Practice: 96 hours of uninterrupted exposure to high temperature during generative periods) in the shedding rate. When the examined HTSSI and HTPVSI traits were examined together, no cotton genotypes were found to be generatively tolerant. In terms of sensitivity of genotypes to high temperature, 18 cotton genotypes were found in the medium tolerant group and 25 cotton genotypes were found in the sensitive group.

Keywords

Cotton, Generatively High Temperature, Pollen Vitality, Shedding

Supporting Institution

Dicle University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit and General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies

Project Number

ZİRAAT.20.007 and TAGEM/TBAD/A/20/A7/P5/1536.

Thanks

This study was produced from the Ph.D. thesis titled " Determination of DNA Markers Associated with High Temperature Stress Tolerant / Strength in Cotton (G. hirsutum L.)" conducted by Yusuf Güzel DEMİRAY in the Department of Field Crops, Institute of Science and Technology, Dicle University. It was supported by Dicle University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit with project number ZİRAAT.20.007 and by the General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies with project number TAGEM/TBAD/A/20/A7/P5/1536. We thank the Scientific Research Coordination Unit and the General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies for their support.

Generatif Olarak Yüksek Sıcaklığa Karşı Bazı Pamuk (G.hirsutum L.) Çeşitlerin Tolerantlıklarının İncelenmesi

Abstract

Pamuk genotiplerinin tomurcuk, çiçek ve koza oluşturma potansiyeli, pamuk kütlü verim hedeflerine ulaşmak için yeterli değildir. Küresel ısınmaya rağmen pamuk bitkisinde olgunlaşan tarak, çiçek ve kozaların başarılı bir şekilde ürüne dönüşmesi için genotipin yüksek sıcaklığa generatif olarak toleranslılığıyla ilişkilidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, yüksek sıcaklık stresinin pamuk bitkisinin generatif gelişime olan zararlı etkilerinin ülkemizde son 10 yılda tescil edilen pamuk çeşitlerinde taranmasıdır. Deneme, 2020 yılında GAP Uluslararası Tarımsal Araştırma ve Eğitim Merkezi Müdürlüğü deneme alanında, Augmented deneme desenine göre 4 bloklu olarak kurulmuştur. Altı adet standart (Tamcot Spnhix, SJU86, AGC208, STV468, ST474, Carmen) pamuk genotipi ile milli çeşit listesinde kayıtlı 88 adet pamuk çeşidi deneme materyali olarak kullanılmıştır. Bu çalışmada, yüksek sıcaklık polen canlılık stres indeksi (YSPCSI) ile yüksek sıcaklık silkme stres indeks (YSSSI) özellikleri incelenmiştir. Yürütmüş olduğumuz deneme sonuçlarına göre, YSPCSI değerlerinin 0.17-1.26 arasında değişim gösterdiği, standartların YSPCSI ortalamalarının 1.17, genotiplerin YSPCSI ortalamalarının ise 0.99 olduğu saptanmıştır. Yüksek sıcaklık silkme stres indeks (YSSSI) değerlerinin 0.30-1.71 arasında değişim gösterdiği; standartların ortalama YSSSI değerlerinin 0.89, genotiplerin ise 1.00 olduğu saptanmıştır. Generatif olarak yüksek sıcaklık stresi için taranan pamuk genotipler arasında geniş bir varyasyon olduğu belirlenmiştir. YSSSI ve YSPCSI özellikleri kullanılarak pamuk bitkisinde generatif olarak yüksek sıcaklık stresine karşı tolerantlık veya hassasiyetlik konusunda genotiplerin taranması için önemli bir özellik olduğundan seçim kriteri olarak kullanılması tavsiye edilmektedir. Çalışmamızda, uygulanan YSŞU (generatif dönemlerinde 96 saat kesintisiz yüksek sıcaklığa maruz kalması) sonrası oluşan çiçek dökülmesinin, silkme oranı içerisindeki payının düşük olmasından kaynaklı, YSPCSI ve YSSSI özellikleri bakımından sonuçlar birbiri ile benzerlik göstermemiştir. Araştırmaya konu olan YSSSI ve YSPCSI özellikleri beraber irdelendiğinde, generatif olarak, tolerant gruba giren herhangi bir pamuk genotipine rastlanmamıştır. Generatif olarak, orta tolerant gruba 18 adet, hassas gruba ise 25 adet pamuk genotipinin girdiği saptanmıştır.

Keywords

Pamuk, Generatif olarak Yüksek Sıcaklık, Polen Canlılık, Silkme

Project Number

ZİRAAT.20.007 and TAGEM/TBAD/A/20/A7/P5/1536.

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