Stomatal density, type and their relationships with leaf morphological traits in Vitis vinifera L. varieties

Year 2024, , 78 - 87, 25.03.2024

Sinem Güler , Birhan Kunter , Aysun Şehit

https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2024.1.9

Abstract

This study was carried out to determine the relationships between stomatal density and type and some leaf morphological traits in 10 grapevine varieties (Vitis vinifera L.). The study was performed during the vegetation period of 2022-2023 in the vineyards of the Research Station for Viticulture of Ankara University Faculty of Agriculture in Kalecik-Ankara. ‘Lival’, ‘Tekirdağ Seedless’, ‘Beauty Seedless’, ‘Michele Palieri’, ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’, ‘Narince’, ‘Syrah’, ‘Kalecik Karası’, ‘Alphonse Lavallée’ and ‘Hasandede’ varieties, grafted on 5BB rootstock, were evaluated as experimental materials in the study. The results revealed that there have been significant variations among varieties in terms of stomatal density, distribution of stomatal types, the proportion of trichomes, and leaf thickness. In general, stomatal density ranged from 168.17 to 268.27 stomata mm-2 in the varieties. The presence of the three different stomatal types (same level, raised above, and sunken) was detected by SEM images. The percentage of stomatal types varied between 39-59 for the same level, 25-42 for the raised above and 10-26 for the sunken. The percentage of the same level stomatal type was found to be higher than the other two types in all varieties. In addition, the same level stomatal type exhibited negative correlations with the raised above and the sunken stomatal types. In terms of leaf characteristics, the proportion of trichomes showed a negatively significant correlation (r = -0.309; p<0.01) with stomatal density. However, the relationship between leaf thickness and stomatal density was not significant.

Keywords

Grapevine, Stomatal density, Stomatal type, Sunken stomata, Correlations

References

• Bekişli, İ. (2014). Determination of leaf and stomatal characteristics of some grape varieties and rootstocks grown in the Harran plain conditions. Harran University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Department of Horticulture, MSc Thesis, Şanlıurfa, Turkiye, 96pp (in Turkish with English abstract).
• Bodor, P., Szekszárdi, A., Varga, Z., & Bálo, B. (2019). Investigation of the stomata size and frequency of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivar ‘Kékfrankos’. Columella- Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, 6 (1), 29-34. https:// doi.org/ 10.18380/szie.colum.2019.6.29
• Boso, S., Alonso-Villaverde, V., Santiago, J.L., Gago, P., Dürrenberger, M., Düggelin, M., Kassemeyer, H. H., & Martínez, M.C. (2010). Macro- and microscopic leaf characteristics of six grapevine genotypes (Vitis spp.) with different susceptibilities to grapevine downy mildew. Vitis 49, 43–50.
• Boso, S., Gago, P., Alonso-Villaverde, V., Santiago, J. L., Mendez, J., Pazos, I., & Martínez, M. C. (2011). Variability at the electron microscopic level in leaves of members of the genus Vitis. Scientia Horticulturae, 128 (3), 228-238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2011.01.022
• Boso, S., Gago, P., Alonso-Villaverde, V., Santiago, J.L., & Martinez, M.C. (2016). Density and size of stomata in the leaves of different hybrids (Vitis sp.) and Vitis vinifera varieties. Vitis, 55 (1), 17-22. https://dx.doi.org/10.5073/vitis.2016.55.17-22
• Bozkurt, A. (2023). Improve of new powdery mildew tolerant grape cultivars for stuffe vine leaf. Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University. Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Department of Horticulture, PhD Thesis, Tokat, Türkiye, 307pp (in Turkish with English abstract).
• Candar, S., Açıkbaş, B., Korkutal, İ., & Bahar, E. (2021). The effects of water deficit on leaf and stoma morphological properties of wine grapes in thrace region. KSU Journal of Agriculture and Nature, 24 (4), 766-776 (in Turkish with English abstract). https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.738285
• Copper, A.W., Koundouras, S., Bastian, S.E., Johnson, T.E., & Collins, C. (2022). Assessing the response of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Xynisteri to different irrigation regimes and its comparison to cvs. Maratheftiko, Shiraz and Sauvignon Blanc. Agronomy, 12 (3), 634. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12030634
• Doğan, A.,Uyak, C., Akçay, A., Keskin, N., Şensoy, R. İ. G., Çelik, F., Kunter, B., Çavuşoğlu, Ş., & Özrenk, K. (2020). Determination of chlorophyll amounts and stoma densities of grape cultivars grown in Hizan (Bitlis) conditions. YYU Journal of Agricultural Science, 30(4), 652-665 (in Turkish with English abstract). Düzenli, S., & Ağaoğlu, Y. S. (1992). Effect of leaf age and leaf positions on stomatal density in some varieties of Vitis vinifera L. Doğa–Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 16, 63-72 (in Turkish).
• Franks, P.J., Drake, P.L., & Beerling, D.J. (2009). Plasticity in maximum stomatal conductance constrained by negative correlation between stomatal size and density: an analysis using Eucalyptus globulus. Plant Cell & Environment, 32, 1737–1748. https:// doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2009.002031.x
• Gago, P., Conejero, G., Martínez, M.C., Boso, S., This, P., & Verdeil, J. L. (2016). Microanatomy of leaf trichomes: opportunities for improved ampelographic discrimination of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivars. Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research, 22 (3), 494-503. https://doi.org/ 10.1111/ajgw.12226
• Gago, P., Conejero, G., Martínez, M. C., This, P., & Verdeil, J. L. (2019). Comparative anatomy and morphology of the leaves of grenache Noir and Syrah grapevine cultivars. South African Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 40 (2), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.21548/40-2-3031
• Gökbayrak, Z., Dardeniz, A., & Bal, M. (2008). Stomatal density adaptation of grapevine to windy conditions. Trakia Journal of Sciences, 6 (1), 18-22.
• Hopper, D.W., Ghan, R., & Cramer, G.R. (2014). A rapid dehydration leaf assay reveals stomatal response differences in grapevine genotypes. Horticulture Research, 1 (2). https://doi.org/10.1038/hortres.2014.2
• IPCC (2013). Climate change 2013: The physical science basis. Working group I contribution to the fifth assessment report of the invergovernmental panel on climate change. https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/WG1AR5_all_final.pdf. [Access date: May 8, 2022].
• İşçi, B., Altındişli, A., & Kaçar, E. (2015). Investigations on stomatal distribution of different grape cultivars grafted on different rootstocks. COMU Journal of Agriculture Faculty, 3 (1), 35–39 (in Turkish with English abstract). Jones, H.G. (2014). Drought and other abiotic stresses. In: Plants and microclimate: A quantitative approach to environmental plant physiology (3rd ed., pp. 255-289). Cambridge University Press., Cambridge, UK.
• Kara, S., & Özeker, E. (1999). Studies on leaf characteristics and stomatal distribution of round seedless grape cultivars grafted on different rootstocks. Anadolu Journal of Aegean Agricultural Research Institute, 9 (1), 76-85 (in Turkish with English abstract).
• Keller, M. (2010). The science of grapevines: Anatomy and physiology (2nd ed.). Academic Press/Elsevier.
• Liu, C., He, N., Zhang, J., Li, Y., Wang, Q., Sack, L., & Yu, G. (2018). Variation of stomatal traits from cold temperate to tropical forests and association with water use efficiency. Functional Ecology, 32 (1), 20-28. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.12973
• Liu, C., Li, Y., Xu, L., Li, M., Wang, J., Yan, P., & He, N. (2021). Stomatal arrangement pattern: a new direction to explore plant adaptation and evolution. Frontiers in Plant Science, 12, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.655255
• MacMillan, P., Teixeira, G., Lopes, C. M., & Monteiro, A. (2021). The role of grapevine leaf morphoanatomical traits determining capacity for coping with abiotic stresses: a review. Ciência E Técnica Vitivinícola, 36 (01), 75-88. https://doi.org/10.1051/ctv/ctv2021360175
• Marasalı, B., & Aktekin, A. (2003). Comparative study on stomatal density of grape cultivars grown under dry and irrigated vineyard conditions. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 9 (3), 370-372 (in Turkish with English abstract). https://doi.org/ 10.1501/Tarimbil_0000000839
• Monteiro, A., Teixeira, G., & Lopes, C.M. (2013). Comparative leaf micromorphoanatomy of Vitis vinifera ssp. vinifera (Vitaceae) red cultivars. Ciência e Técnica Vitivinicola, 28 (1), 19-28.
• Monteiro, A., Teixeira, G., Santos, C., & Lopes, C.M. (2018). Leaf morphoanatomy of four red grapevine cultivars grown under the same terroir. E3S Web of Conferences, 50, 01038. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20185001038
• Nassuth, A., Rahman, M.A., Nguyen, T., Ebadi, A., & Lee, C. (2021). Leaves of more cold hardy grapes have a higher density of small, sunken stomata. Vitis, 60 (2), 63-67. https://doi.org/10.5073/vitis.2021.60.63-67
• Odabaşıoğlu, M.İ. (2020). Determination of yield, quality and seed characteristics and stoma morphology of table grape varieties grafted on different rootstocks in semi-arid conditions. Harran University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Department of Horticulture, PhD Thesis, Şanlıurfa, Turkiye, 307pp (in Turkish with English abstract).
• OIV (2001). The 2nd edition of the OIV descriptor list for grape varieties and Vitis species. https://www.oiv.int/public/medias/2274/code-2e-edition-finale.pdf. [Access date: May 8, 2022].
• Rogiers, S.Y., Greer, D.H., Hutton, R.J., & Landsberg, J.J. (2009). Does night-time transpiration contribute to anisohydric behaviour in a Vitis vinifera cultivar?. Journal of Experimental Botany, 60 (13), 3751-3763. https://doi.org/ 10.1093/jxb/erp217
• Sack, L., & Buckley, T.N. (2016). The developmental basis of stomatal density and flux. Plant Physiology, 171 (4), 2358–2363. https://doi.org/ 10.1104/pp.16.00476
• Samarth, R. R., Shetty, D., Saha, S., & Sawant, I. (2021). Leaf micro-morphological diversity in Vitis species and its association with resistance to Plasmopara viticola. Research on Crops, 22 (2), 334-341. https://doi.org/10.31830/2348-7542.2021.076
• Šantrůček, J. (2022). The why and how of sunken stomata: does the behaviour of encrypted stomata and the leaf cuticle matter?. Annals of Botany, 130 (3), 285-300. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcac055
• Serra, I., Strever, A., & Myburgh, P., Schmeisser, M., Deloire, P.A. (2017). Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L. ‘Pinotage’) leaf stomatal size and density as modulated by different rootstocks and scion water status. Acta Horticulturae, 1157, 177-181. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2017.1157.26
• Shiraishi, S.I., Hsiung, T.C., & Shiraishi, M. (1996). Preliminary survey on stomatal density and length of grapevine. Journal of Faculty of Agriculture Kyushu University, 41 (1-2), 11-15. https://doi.org/10.5109/24124
• Swanepoel, J.J., & Villiers, C.E. (1987). A numerical-taxonomic classification of Vitis spp. and cultivars based on leaf characteristics. South African Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 8 (2), 31-35. https://doi.org/10.21548/8-2-2311
• Teixeira, G., Monteiro, A., Santos, C., & Lopes, C.M. (2018). Leaf morphoanatomy traits in white grapevine cultivars with distinct geographical origin. Ciência e Técnica Vitivinícola, 33 (1), 90-101. https://doi.org/10.1051/ctv/20183301090
• Uyak, C., Keskin, N., Doğan, A., Şensoy Gazioğlu, R. İ., & Başdinç, A. (2016). Determination of stomatal densities and chlorophyll amounts in some grape varieties grown in Van ecology. Bahçe, 46, 738-742 (in Turkish with English abstract). https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.698508