Diurnal and intra-plant variation in volatile oil content and constituents of Salvia rosmarinus Spenn. leaves

Emir Soltanbeigi; Sedef Özliman

doi:10.31015/jaefs.2026.1.13

Diurnal and intra-plant variation in volatile oil content and constituents of Salvia rosmarinus Spenn. leaves

Abstract

Diurnal conditions, genetic background, and climatic factors, together with within-plant microenvironments, can alter the accumulation of secondary metabolites, leading to variability in plant volatile oils (VOs). In this study, the effects of time of day and vertical canopy position on VO yield and chemical profile were investigated in Salvia rosmarinus Spenn. (syn. Rosmarinus officinalis L.) leaves at the onset of flowering. Leaves were collected at 06:00, 12:00, and 18:00 from the lower, middle, and upper thirds of the canopy; composite samples were prepared per canopy stratum and sampling time, hydrodistilled, and analyzed by GC–MS. VO yield showed a clear positional pattern, increasing from the lower to the upper canopy across all sampling times, and ranged from 0.43% to 0.75% (v/w, DW basis). Overall, 71 constituents were identified, and the number of detected compounds varied across treatments (55–68), with the lowest richness observed in the upper third at midday. Across all samples, the VO profile was consistently dominated by oxygenated monoterpenes and monoterpene hydrocarbons, whereas sesquiterpene-related fractions exhibited more pronounced time- and stratum-dependent variation. Among major constituents, camphor remained prominent but varied substantially (6.71–15.59%), with a marked minimum in the middle third at midday and a maximum in the upper third in the morning. Other abundant constituents also showed treatment-dependent redistribution, including cis-verbenone (10.48–17.94%), borneol (8.60–12.79%), α-pinene (4.91–11.61%), and 1,8-cineole (5.77–9.55%). These findings indicate that both harvest time and canopy sampling height are key determinants of S. rosmarinus VO yield and compositional consistency, underscoring the need for standardized harvest specifications when composition-oriented profiles are targeted.

Keywords

Canopy, Diurnal Variability, GC/FID–MS, Hydrodistillation, Rosemary

Thanks

The authors would like to thank the staff of the Afyonkarahisar Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Center for their support.

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Medicinal and Aromatic Plants

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Emir Soltanbeigi ^*
0000-0002-8791-0482
Türkiye

Sedef Özliman
0000-0003-3787-9293
Türkiye

Early Pub Date

March 15, 2026

Publication Date

March 15, 2026

Submission Date

January 31, 2026

Acceptance Date

March 6, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 10 Number: 1

DOI

https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2026.1.13

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA36MT99XM

APA

Soltanbeigi, E., & Özliman, S. (2026). Diurnal and intra-plant variation in volatile oil content and constituents of Salvia rosmarinus Spenn. leaves. International Journal of Agriculture Environment and Food Sciences, 10(1), 113-124. https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2026.1.13

AMA

1.Soltanbeigi E, Özliman S. Diurnal and intra-plant variation in volatile oil content and constituents of Salvia rosmarinus Spenn. leaves. int. j. agric. environ. food sci. 2026;10(1):113-124. doi:10.31015/jaefs.2026.1.13

Chicago

Soltanbeigi, Emir, and Sedef Özliman. 2026. “Diurnal and Intra-Plant Variation in Volatile Oil Content and Constituents of Salvia Rosmarinus Spenn. Leaves”. International Journal of Agriculture Environment and Food Sciences 10 (1): 113-24. https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2026.1.13.

EndNote

Soltanbeigi E, Özliman S (March 1, 2026) Diurnal and intra-plant variation in volatile oil content and constituents of Salvia rosmarinus Spenn. leaves. International Journal of Agriculture Environment and Food Sciences 10 1 113–124.

IEEE

[1]E. Soltanbeigi and S. Özliman, “Diurnal and intra-plant variation in volatile oil content and constituents of Salvia rosmarinus Spenn. leaves”, int. j. agric. environ. food sci., vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 113–124, Mar. 2026, doi: 10.31015/jaefs.2026.1.13.

ISNAD

Soltanbeigi, Emir - Özliman, Sedef. “Diurnal and Intra-Plant Variation in Volatile Oil Content and Constituents of Salvia Rosmarinus Spenn. Leaves”. International Journal of Agriculture Environment and Food Sciences 10/1 (March 1, 2026): 113-124. https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2026.1.13.

JAMA

1.Soltanbeigi E, Özliman S. Diurnal and intra-plant variation in volatile oil content and constituents of Salvia rosmarinus Spenn. leaves. int. j. agric. environ. food sci. 2026;10:113–124.

MLA

Soltanbeigi, Emir, and Sedef Özliman. “Diurnal and Intra-Plant Variation in Volatile Oil Content and Constituents of Salvia Rosmarinus Spenn. Leaves”. International Journal of Agriculture Environment and Food Sciences, vol. 10, no. 1, Mar. 2026, pp. 113-24, doi:10.31015/jaefs.2026.1.13.

Vancouver

1.Emir Soltanbeigi, Sedef Özliman. Diurnal and intra-plant variation in volatile oil content and constituents of Salvia rosmarinus Spenn. leaves. int. j. agric. environ. food sci. 2026 Mar. 1;10(1):113-24. doi:10.31015/jaefs.2026.1.13

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Diurnal and intra-plant variation in volatile oil content and constituents of Salvia rosmarinus Spenn. leaves

Diurnal and intra-plant variation in volatile oil content and constituents of Salvia rosmarinus Spenn. leaves

Abstract

Keywords

Thanks

References

Details

Primary Language

Subjects

Journal Section

Authors

Early Pub Date

Publication Date

Submission Date

Acceptance Date

Published in Issue

DOI

IZ

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