Determination of Flower Characteristics of some Kiwifruit Genotypes (Actinidia Spp.) Obtained with Breeding Program

Year 2018, Volume: 2 Issue: 1, 7 - 12, 20.03.2018

Arif Atak Yeşim Doygacı Kemal A. Kahraman Gulhan G. Kandilli Abdulbaki Şen

https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.18002

Abstract

All Actinidia species are dioecious, male and female flowers grow on separate kiwifruit plants. In breeding studies, it is generally desirable to obtain female individuals. However, male plants are also of great importance for pollination. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the flower characteristics of the genotypes obtained by breeding studies. This research was conducted in the kiwifruit breeding plot of Yalova Atatürk Horticultural Central Research Institute for two years. Genotypes obtained from cultivars belonging to Actinidia deliciosa and Actinidia chinensis were used in the research. At the time of flowering, phenological observations of male and female genotypes, which are prominent in the population, have been made and the developmental stages of the flowers have been determined. At least 10 flowers of each genotype were used to determine the morphological characteristics.

Number of leaves, number of petals, number of male organs, number of filaments, number of female organs, number of female organs and number of stylus were examined in order to determine flower characteristics. When the data obtained as a result of two years are evaluated; significant differences have been obtained particularly in terms of flowering time, flowering period, the number of stylus, the filament size, the number of female organs and the number of male organs. Female cultivars/genotypes tend to flowering later than male cultivars/genotypes, and female cultivars/genotypes have shorter filament length than male cultivars/genotypes. It has also been clearly observed that ovaries are not functional in male types.

Keywords

kiwifruit, flowering, phenology, flower structure, selection

References

• [1] Korkutal, I. Kök, D. Bahar, E. and Sarıkaya, C. (2004). Determination of flower morphologies and phenologies in Hayward and Matua kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) cultivars, Akdeniz University Journal 17(2), 217-224.
• [2] Atak, A. Kahraman, K.A. Doygacı, Y. and Şire, G.G. (2015). Kiwifruit Breeding and Obtaining New Cultivars in Turkey. Acta Horticulturae, 1096, 133-140.
• [3] Huang, H. (2014). The Genus Actinidia. A World Monograph. Science Press Beijing, China, P. 317.
• [4] Harvey, C.F. Gill, G.P. Fraser, L.G. and McNeilage, M.A. (1997). Sex determination in Actinidia. 1. Sex-linked markers and progeny sex ratio in diploid A. chinensis. Sexual Plant Reproduction, Volume 10(3), 149-154.
• [5] Austin, P.T. Hall, A.J. Snelgar, W.P. and Currie, M.J. (2002). Modelling Kiwifruit Budbreak as a Function of Temperature and Bud Interactions. Annals of Botany, 89, 695-706.
• [6] Borghezan, M. Clauman, A.D. Steinmacher, D.A. Guerra, M.P. Orth, A.I. (2011), In vitro viability and preservation of pollen kiwi (Actinidia chinensis var. deliciosa ( A. Chev) A.Chev), Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology 11, 338-344.
• [7] Lescourret, F. Blecher, N. Habib, R. Chadoeuf, J. Agostini, D. Pailly, O. Vaissière, B. and Poggi, I. (1999). Development of a Simulation Model for Studying Kiwifruit Orchard Management. Agricultural Systems, Volume 59, p.215-239, Issue 2.
• [8] Testolin, R. and Ferguson, A.R. (2009). Kiwifruit (Actinidia spp.) production and marketing in Italy. New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural, Science 37, 1-32.
• [9] Malaboef, F. (1996). Pollen Flow and Pollination in Kiwifruit a Functionally Dioecious Species. These Doctorat University, Montpellier II, France.
• [10] King, M.J. and Ferguson, A.M. (1994). Vibratory Collection of Actinidia deliciosa (Kiwifruit) Pollen. Annals of Botany 74, 479-482.
• [11] Goodwin, R.M. (1995). Afternoon Decline in Kiwifruit Pollen Collection. New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 23, 163-171.
• [12] Howpage, D. Vithanage, V. and Spooner-Hart, R. (1998). Pollen Tube Distribution in the Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa A. Chev. C. F. Liang) Pistil in Relation to its Reproductive Process. Annals of Botany, Volume 8(16), 697-703.