Integrated weed management in direct-seeded rice: dynamics and economics

Year 2019, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 83 - 92, 28.06.2019

Madhav Dhakal , Shrawan K. Sah Geeta Kharel

https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2019.2.6

Cited By: 3

Abstract

Weeds are often
the most severe problem in direct-seeded rice (Oryza sativa L.) (DSR),
causes reductions in yield and profitability. The traditional method of
controlling rice weeds or manual weeding has several demerits as the practice
is uneconomical and difficult. The effects of 10 different weed management
practices were evaluated to identify the most effective and economical methods
of managing weeds in DSR during in Nepal during the rainy season of 2010.
Pendimethalin was applied pre-emergence where 2,4-D, bispyribac sodium, and
oxadiargyl were applied post-emergence alone or combined with hand weeding.
Sesbania (Sesbania aculeata Wild.
Pers.) was co-cultured with rice and killed by 2,4-D. Weed emergence, density,
and biomass per unit area of 3 weed types: broadleaf, sedges, and grasses were assessed during 20, 40, 60 days after
seeding (DAS), and at harvest. Treatments were compared either to weedy check
or weed-free control to determine weed control indices. A total of 42 weed
species belonging to 27 genera and 11 families emerged across the growing
season of rice. Most of the weeds were annual where broadleaf and sedges were
dominant during the first two months, and grasses were dominant under flooding.
Weeds reduced the rice yield by more than
80% in weedy-check with respect to
weed-free control. A sequential application of pendimethalin as pre-emergence
and bispyribac-sodium postemergence herbicides followed by a hand weeding at 45
DAS provided up to 85% weed control over weedy check than other weed control
measures. However, that method found uneconomical when compared to the same
without hand weeding because of the high cost of manual labor. Pendimethalin
was effective in controlling early flush of weeds and bispyribac efficiently
controlled weeds even after flooding turned out to be a less expensive method
controlling in DSR. An integrated approach of weed management including both
pre-emergence and post-emergence herbicides can provide season-long weed
control greater economic return.

Keywords

Direct-seeded rice, Weeds, Herbicides, Hand weeding, Benefit to cost ratio

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