Studies on in vitro germination on endemic Salvia L. species

Year 2024, Volume: 8 Issue: 3, 703 - 709, 29.09.2024

Pınar Orcan , İbrahim Selçuk Kuru

https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2024.3.24

Abstract

This study used seeds of two endemic sage plants (Salvia siirtica and Salvia kronenburgii) as a starting material. Mucilage causes dormancy in the seeds of these plants. Therefore, it is important to improve the germination performance of these plants’ seeds, and in this study, some treatments were applied to the seeds before or during sowing. To this end, sodium hypochlorite, ethyl alcohol, gibberellic acid, seed cracking, removal of the seed coat, pre-cold treatment, and sulfuric acid treatments were applied to the seeds of the two species separately or in combination, and their germination performances were investigated in comparison with a control group. Considering the results higher germination rates were obtained for both plants compared to the control group in all treatments except sulfuric acid treatments. The best germination rate for both plants was obtained from the treatments where the seed coat was mechanically removed. In this treatment, the germination rate in S. siirtica increased 3.3 times, while it increased 2.4 times in S. kronenburgii compared to the control group. Additionally, GA treatments for S. siirtica and cold pre-treatments for S. kronenburgii significantly increased germination rates. In light of these results, the removal of the seed coat, gibberellic acid, and cold pre-treatment effectively broke dormancy in sage seeds and increased germination rates.

Keywords

Dormancy, Germination, In vitro, Endemic, S.siirtica, S.kronenburgii

References

• Amiri, H. (2007). Quantative and qualative changes of essential oil of Salvia bracteata Bank et Sol. in different growth stages. Daru Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 15(2), 79-82.
• Arslan, D., Çığ, A., Arslan, H., Bayraktar, Ö.V., Tülücü, F. (2017). Effects of treatments of gibberellic acid, citric acid and stratification on germination of seeds of Salvia siirtica Kahraman, Celep & Doğan sp. nov. (Lamiaceae). Journal of Applied Biological Sciences, 11(1), 29-32.
• Ateş, E., Üremiş, İ. (2021). Bazı fiziksel ve kimyasal dormansi kırma yöntemlerinin Sinapis arvensis L. (yabani hardal) tohumlarına karşı etkinliğinin belirlenmesi. Turkish Journal of Weed Science, 24(2), 91-107.
• Babaoğlu, M., Yorgancılar, M., Akbudak, M.A., (2002). Doku kültürü: Temel laboratuvar teknikleri, Bitki Biyoteknolojisi. In: Doku Kültürü ve Uygulamaları. Edt: Babaoğlu, M., Gürel, E., Özcan, S. Selçuk Üniversitesi Yayınları, Konya, pp.1-35.
• Bhardwaj, A.K., Kapoor, S.S., Naryal, A., Bhardwaj, P., Warghat, A.R., Kumar, B., Chaurasia, O.P. (2016). Effect of various dormancy breaking treatments on seed germination, seedling growth and seed vigour of medicinal plants. Town Planning Review, 3, 508-516. https://doi.org/10.22271/tpr.2016.v3.i3.067
• Bozdoğan, O., Uyar, F., Karaman, Y., Demı̇rtaş, Ç., Uçar, K., Tursun, N. (2019). Myagrum perfoliatum L. (gönül hardalı) tohumlarında dormansi kırma üzerine araştırmalar. Turkish Journal of Weed Science, 22(1), 45-52 (in Turkish).
• Bu, H., Du, G., Chen, X., Xu, X., Liu, K., Wen, S. (2008). Community-wide germination strategies in an alpine meadow on the Eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: Phylogenetic and life-history correlates. Plant Ecology, 195, 87-98. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11258-007-9301-1
• Celep, F., Dirmenci, T. (2017). Systematic and biogeographic overview of Lamiaceae in Turkey. Natural Volatiles & Essential Oils, 4, 14-27.
• Elamin, K.M., Abdelfatah, M.A., Abdel Atti, K.A., Malik, H.E.E., Dousa, B.M. (2013). Effect of feeding processed hyacinth bean (Lablab purpureus) seeds on broiler chick performance. International Journal of Pure and Applied Biological Research and Sciences, 1(1), 9-14.
• El-Keblawy, A., Al-Rawai, A. (2005). Effects of seed maturation time and dry storage on light and temperature requirements during germination in invasive Prosopis juliflora. Flora, 201, 135-143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.flora.2005.04.009
• Ertuş, M.M., Yergin, R., Tunçtürk, M., Tepe, I. (2011). Hippomarathrum microcarpum (Bieb.) Fedtsch. tohumlarının çimlenme biyolojisinin belirlenmesi. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 16(2), 34-39 (in Turkish).
• Fidan, H.S., Kilinc, F.M., Yilmaz,M.A., Akdeniz, M., Yener, I., Firat, M., Onay, A., Kolak, U., Ertas, A. (2021). Comparison of chemical and biological properties of in vivo and in vitro samples of Salvia siirtica Kahraman, Celep & Dogan extracts prepared with different solvents. South African Journal of Botany, 142, 421-429. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2021.07.029.
• Gökdoğan, E.Y., Burun, B. (2022). The studies on seed germination and in vitro cultures of Salvia L. species from Turkish flora. Natural Products and Biotechnology, 2(1), 60-73.
• Haruna, M., Nakhooda, M., Shaik, S. 2024. Development of seed germination and in vitro propagation protocols for Vitex doniana, South African Journal of Botany, 167, 399-409. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2024.02.025.
• Ismaili, S.E., Maurady, A., Lachkar, M., Britel, M.R., Bakali, A.H. (2023). Effect of temperature and different pre-treatments on seed germination of Stachys mouretii Batt. & Pit. Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 32, 100438. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jarmap.2022.100438.
• Kahraman, A., Doğan, M., Celep, F. (2011). Salvia siirtica sp. nov. (Lamiaceae) from Turkey. Nordic Journal of Botany, 29, 397-401. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.2011.00916.x
• Khakpoor, A., Bibalani, G.H., Mahdavi, S. (2015). Optimal treatment increased the seed germination of Salvia verticillata L. Journal of BioScience & Biotechnology, 4(3), 255262.
• Kuşaksız, G. (2019). Rare and endemic taxa of lamiaceae in Turkey and their threat categories. Journal of Scientific Perspectives, 3(1), 69-84. https://doi.org/10.26900/jsp.3.008
• Latifi, N. (2001).Techniques in seed science and technology. Golestan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources Press, pp. 310.
• Lu, Y., Yeap Foo, L. 2002. Polyphenolics of Salvia-a review. Phytochemistry, 59, 117-140. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00415-0
• Mayekiso, B., Magwa, M.L, Coopoosamy, R.M. (2008). The chemical composition and antibacterial activity of the leaf extract of Salvia repens Burch. ex Benth. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 2(7), 159-162.
• Munawar, S., Naeem, M., Ali, H.H., Jamil, M., Iqbal, M., Nazir, M.Q., Balal, R.M., Safdar, M.E. (2015). Tratamentos de quebra de dormência de sementes para Zaleya pentandra. Planta Daninha, 33, 623-629. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-83582015000400001
• Murashige, T., Skoog, F. (1962). A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiologia Plantarum, 15, 473-497. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1962.tb08052.x
• Nejad, S.R., Bistgani, Z.E., Barker, A.V. (2022). Enhancement of seed germination of yarrow with gibberellic acid, potassium nitrate, scarification, or hydropriming. Journal of Crop Improvement, 36(3), 335-349. https://doi.org/10.1080/15427528.2021.1968553
• Özcan, I.I., Arabacı, O., Öğretmen, N.G. (2014). The determination of different germination applications on some sage species. Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology, 2(5), 203-207. https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v2i5.203-207.58
• Pająk, P., Socha, R., Broniek, J., Królikowska, K., Fortuna, T. (2019). Antioxidant properties, phenolic and mineral composition of germinated Chia, golden flax, evening primrose, phacelia and fenugreek. Food Chemistry, 275, 69-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.09.081
• Rakotonandrasana, S.R., Paoli, M., Randrianirina, M.J., Ihandriharison, H., Gibernau, M., Bighelli, A., Rakotoarisoa, M.F., Tomi, P., Andrianjara, C., Tomi, F., Rabehaja, D.J.R. (2023). Extinction risk assessment and chemical composition of aerial parts essential oils from two endangered endemic Malagasy Salvia species. Plants, 12(10), 1967. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12101967
• Serim, T., Sözeri, S. (2011). Doğu tarla hazeranı (Consolida orientalis (Gay.) Schröd. (Ran.) tohumlarının çimlenme biyolojisi üzerine araştırmalar. Türkiye Herboloji Dergisi, 14(1-2), 9-16 (in Turkish).
• Subaşı, Ü., Güvensen, A. (2010). Seed germination studies on rare endemic Salvia smyrnaea Boiss. (Lamiaceae). Biological Diversity and Conservation, 3(3), 126-132.
• Surgun-Acar, Y., Yokaş, İ., Bürün, B. (2017). Seed germination studies in native species for conservation of biodiversity. The 3rd International Symposium on EuroAsian Biodiversity (SEAB), (pp. 663). July 5-8, 2017, Minsk, Belarus.
• Taşkesen M. (2007). Van ili'nde kan damlası (Adonis aestivalis L.)'nın fenolojik, morfolojik ve bazı çimlenme özelliklerinin belirlenmesi. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Van.
• Tuncer, B., Ummuhan, F. (2017). Research on overcoming the dormancy problem of molekhia (Corchorus olitorius L.) seeds. Turkish Journal of Agricultural Research, 4(3), 268-274.
• Tursun, A.Ö. (2019). Salvia verticillata L. (Dadırak)’nın tohum dormansisinin kırılmasında farklı uygulamaların etkileri. KSÜ Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi, 22(1), 30-37. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.560605
• Uludağ A., Özer Z. (1999). Farklı sıcaklıklarda bazı mekanik işlem ve kimyasal madde uygulamalarının boynuz otu (Cerastium dichotomum L.), boynuzlu yoğurt otu (Galium tricornutum Dandy), çoban tarağı (Scandix pecten-veneris L .) ve yapışkan otu (Asperula arvensis L.)’nun çimlenmelerine etkisi. Türkiye Herboloji Dergisi, 2(1), 6-16 (in Turkish).
• Uysal, İ., Koçer, O., Mohammed, F.S., Lekesiz, Ö., Doğan, M., Şabik, A.E., Sevindik, E., Gerçeker, F.Ö., Sevindik, M. (2023). Pharmacological and nutritional properties: Genus Salvia. Advances in Pharmacology and Pharmacy, 11(2), 140-155. https://doi.org/10.13189/app.2023.110206
• Yaman, C. (2020). In vitro germination and importance of some Salvia species. International Eurasian Conference on Biotechnology and Biochemistry (BioTechBioChem), (pp. 313-318). December 16-18, 2020, Ankara, Turkey.
• Young, J.A., Young. C.G. (1992). Seeds of woody plants in North America. Dioscorides Press, Portland, Oregon, pp407.
• Yücel, E., Yılmaz, G. (2010). Effects of different alkaline metal salts (NaCl, KNO3), acid concentrations (H2SO4) and Growth Regulator (GA3) on the germination of Salvia cyanescens Boiss. & Bal. seeds. Gazi University Journal of Science, 22(3), 123-127.
• Zhou, L., Zuo, Z., Chow, M.S.S. (2005). Danshen: an overview of its chemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and clinical use. The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 45, 1345-1359. https://doi.org/10.1177/0091270005282630.