Determination of Proximate Composition and Fatty Acid Profiles of Commercial Fish Feeds

Koray Korkmaz

doi:10.35229/jaes.1044795

EN TR

Determination of Proximate Composition and Fatty Acid Profiles of Commercial Fish Feeds

Abstract

The proximate composition and fatty acid profiles of the selected fish feeds (S, A, G3, and G6) prepared with different rations were investigated. The results showed that the crude protein, lipid, moisture, and ash level in feeds were in the range of 44.07% – 46.69%, 15.72% – 18.32%, 6.54% – 8.41% and 7.44% – 11.37%, respectively. The percentages of total saturated fatty acids (SFA) and total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were higher in group A than in all other group, whereas the corresponding total monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) content was lower. All of the feeds had significant levels of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). The n6/n3 ratio of feeds was in the range of 1.15 - 1.98. The data obtained indicate that the % composition of n3 PUFAs was lower for G3 feed. These feeds were good sources of EPA (in the range of 3.13% - 4.57%) and DHA (in the range of 3.41% - 8.50%). Therefore, it was concluded that these fish feeds are suitable as a balanced food choice for aquaculture.

Keywords

Fatty acid , fish feeds , MUFA , proximate composition , PUFA , SFA

Ticari Balık Yemlerinin Besinsel Kompozisyonu ve Yağ Asidi Profillerinin Belirlenmesi

Öz

Farklı rasyonlarla hazırlanan balık yemlerinin (S, A, G3 ve G6) besinsel kompozisyon ve yağ asidi profilleri incelenmiştir. Çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlar yemlerdeki ham protein, lipid, nem ve kül düzeylerinin sırasıyla % 44.07 – % 46.69, % 15.72 – % 18.32, % 6.54 – % 8.41 ve % 7.44 – % 11.37 aralığında olduğunu göstermiştir. Toplam doymuş yağ asitleri (SFA) ve toplam çoklu doymamış yağ asitleri (PUFA) oranları A grubunda diğer tüm gruplara göre daha yüksek iken, buna karşılık toplam tekli doymamış yağ asitleri (MUFA) içeriği daha düşük olarak bulunmuştur. Yemlerin tamamında önemli oranlarda çoklu doymamış yağ asitleri (PUFA) tespit edilmiştir. Analiz edilen yemlerin n6/n3 oranı 1.15 - 1.98 aralığında bulunmuştur. Elde edilen veriler, n3 PUFA'ların % kompozisyonlarının G3 yemi için daha düşük olduğunu göstermiştir. Bu yemlerin iyi birer EPA (% 3.13 - % 4.57 aralığında) ve DHA (% 3.41 - % 8.50 aralığında) kaynakları olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu nedenle, bu balık yemlerinin su ürünleri yetiştiriciliği için dengeli bir besin seçimi olarak uygun olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Balık yemleri , besinsel kompozisyon , mufa , pufa , sfa , yağ asidi

References

Alasalvar, C., Taylor, K. D. A., Zubcov, E., Shahidi, F., & Alexis, M. (2002). Differentiation of cultured and wild sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax): total lipid content, fatty acid and trace mineral composition. Food Chemistry, 79(2), 145-150. Altıniğne, N. (1992). Besin analizi teorik. E.Ü. Eczacılık Fakültesi Yayınları. Ege.b1115856. 213, İzmir.
Aniebo, A. O., Erondu, E. S. & Owen, O. J. (2008). Proximate composition of housefly larvae (Musca domestica) meal generated from mixture of cattle blood and wheat bran. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 20(12).
AOAC, (1984). Official methods of analysis of the association of the official analysis chemists. Washington DC: Association of official analytical chemists.
AOAC, (2002). Official method 920.153. Ash content. In: Official methods of analysis, 17th Ed, association of official analytical chemists, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA.
AOAC, (2002). Official method 950.46. Moisture content in meat. In: Official methods of analysis, 17th Ed, association of official analytical chemists, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA.
Atteh, J. O., & Ologbenla, F. D. (1993). Replacement of fishmeal with maggots in broiler diet: Effects on performance and nutrient retention. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production, 20: 44-49.
Awoniyi, T. A. M., Adetuyi, F. C., & Akinyosoye, F. A. (2004). Microbiological investigation of maggot meal, stored for use as livestock feed component. Journal of Food, Agriculture & Environment (JFAE).
Bligh, E. G., & Dyer, W. J. (1959). A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification. Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology, 37(8), 911-917.
Calheiros, D. (2003). Alternate sources of protein in feed for cultural fish. A case study on Atlantic cod fry Gadusmorhua. Final project, UNU, Fishery Training programme.
Doğan, K. (2003). Ülkemizin akuakültür potansiyeli. Deniz ve Balıkçılık, Aylık Sektörel İhtisas Dergisi, 3(10-12), Kısım I-II. Erteken, A., & Haşimoğlu, A. (2007). Ülkemizde Balık Yemi Teknolojisinin Gelişimi, Yunus Araştırma Bülteni, Sayı 07-02, s:8-9.

FAO, (2004). State of world fish nutrition in practice. INRA, Parsis 459-468. Fisheries and Aquaculture. FAO, Rome, Italy.
FAO, 2007. Study and analysis of feeds and fertilizers for sustainable aquaculture development. Fao Fısherıes Technıcal Paper 497. (Edited by Mohammad R. Hasan, Thomas Hecht, Sena S. De Silva, Albert G.J. Tacon)
FAO, (2015). Fisheries and aquaculture deparment, the state of word fisheries and aquaculture. Roma
Fasakin, E. A., Balogun, A. M. & Ajayi, O. O. (2003). Evaluation of full-fat and defatted maggot meals in the feeding of Clariid catfish, Clarias gariepinus, fingerlings. Aquaculture Research, 34: 733–738.
Göğüs, A.K., & Kolsarıcı, N. (1992). Su Ürünleri Teknolojisi. Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları: 1243, Ders Kitabı: 358. Ankara.
Gümüş, E., & Yılmaz, S. (2011). Antalya İli’nde su ürünleri yetiştiricilik sektörü ve pazarlama durumu. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 2(1), 15-31.
Gündüz, T. (2002). Instrümental Analiz, Ankara Üniversitesi, Fen Fakültesi, Gazi Kitabevi, Ankara.International Standard (ISO,1976), ISBN975-7313- 43-2.
Harel, M., Tandler, A., & Kissil, G.W. (1992). The kinetics of nutrient incorporation into body tissues of gilthead seabream S. aurata females and subsequent effects on egg composition and egg quality, Israeli Journal of Aquaculture-Bamıdgeh, 44 (4), 127
HMSO, (1994). Nutritional aspects of cardiovascular disease: Report on health and social subjects; Committee of medical aspects of food policy, 46; Department of Health, HMSO, London, UK.
Hoşsu, B., Korkut, A. Y., & Kop, A. (2012). Balık besleme ve yem teknolojisi I, (Balık besleme fizyolojisi ve biyokimyası). Ege Ü. Su Ürünleri Fakültesi Yayın No: 50, 7. Baskı.
Ichihara, K., Shibahara, A., Yamamoto, K., & Nakayama, T. (1996). An ımproved method for rapid analysis of the fatty acids of glycerolipids. Lipids, 31, 535–539.
Korkut, A., & Yıldırım, Ö. (2003). Türkiye’de su ürünleri yetiştiriciliği ve yetiştiricilikte alternatif yem kaynakları, E.U. Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences Cilt/Volume 20, Sayı/Issue (1-2): 247 – 255 .
Korkut, A.Y., & Hoşsu, B., Kop, A. (2004). Yem ve yem yapım teknolojisi II, (Laboratuvar uygulamaları ve yem yapım teknolojileri). Ege Ü. Su Ürünleri Fak. Yayın No: 54. İzmir.
Kutlu, H. R., & Çelik, L. (2010). Yemler bilgisi ve yem teknolojisi. Ç.Ü. Ziraat Fak. Genel Yayın No:266, Ders Kitapları, 2. Baskı, Yayın No:A-86, Adana.
Lunger, A. N., McLean, E., & Craig, S. R. (2007). The effects of organic protein supplementation upon growth, feed conversion and texture quality parameters in juvenile cobia (Rachcentrroncanadum) Aquaculture, 264: 342-352.
Martin R.E., & Flick G.J. (1990). The sea food ındustry. An osprey book. Published by Von Nostrand Reinhold, Newyork.
Mishra,S., & Mukhopadhyay, P. K. (1996). Effects of some formulated diets on growth, feed utilization and essential amino acid deposition in Clariasbatrachus fry, Indian Journal of Fisheries, 43 (4) 333- 339.
Mueller H, I. (2004). Review of modern analytical techniques in feed analysis. Chapter 1 in: 'Assessing Quality and Safety of Animal Feeds'. FAO Animal Production and Health Papers - 160. ISBN 92-5-105-46-5. 170p.
NRC, (1983). Nutrients requirements of warm water fishes and shell-fishes. 1st Edn., National Academy Press, Washington, DC., USA., pages: 102
Parpoura, A.C.R., & Alexis, M.N. (2001). Effects of different dietary oils in sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) nutrition. Aquaculture International, 9: 463-476.
Robin, J. H., Regost, C., Arzel, J., & Kaushik, S. J. (2003). Fatty acid profile of fish following a change in dietary fatty acid source: model of fatty acid composition with a dilution hypothesis. Aquaculture, 225(1-4), 283-293.
Satoh, S. (2000). Common Carp Cyprinus carpio. In: Handbook of nutrient requirement of finfish, Wilson, R.P., (Ed.). CRC Press, Boca Raton, USA., pp: 55-68.
Shahidi, F. & Botta, J.R. (1994). Sea Foods: Chemistry, processing technology and quality. Blackie Academic and Professional. Chapman & Hall.
Sikorski, Z.E. (1990). Seafood: Resources, nutritional composition, and preservetation. CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, P. 288, Florida. 41-44.
Skoog, D. A., Holler, F. J., & Crouch, S. R. (2007), Principles of instrumental analysis, 6th Ed., Belmont, CA, Thomson. TÜİK, (2017). Su ürünleri üretim miktarları. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. Alıntılanma adresi: http://www.tuik.gov.tr/UstMenu.do?metod=temelist (26.04.2017)
Ugwumba, A. A. A., Ugwumba, A. O., & Okunola, A. O. (2001), Utilization of live maggot as supplementary feed on the growth of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell) fingerlings. Nigeria Journal of Science, 35: 1-7.
Varlık, C., Erkan, N., Özden, Ö., Mol, S., & Baygar, T. (2004). Su ürünleri isleme teknolojisi, İstanbul 2004. İstanbul Üniversitesi Yayın No: 4465, Su Ürünleri Fakültesi No: 7.
Watanabe, W. O., Clark, J. H., Dunham, J. B., Wicklund, R. I., & Olla, B. L. (1990). Culture of Florida red tilapia in marine cages: the effect of stocking density and dietary protein on growth. Aquaculture, 90(2), 123-134.
Wilson, R. P. (1994). Utilization of dietary carbohydrate by fish. Aquaculture, 124: 67-80.
Wilson, R.P. (2000). Channel Catfish, Ictalurus Punctatus. In: Handbook of nutrient requirement of finfish, Wilson, R.P. (Ed.). CRC Press, Boca Raton, USA., pp: 35-53.
Yildiz, M. (2008). Fatty acid composition of some commercial marine fish feeds available in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 32(3), 151-158.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

-

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Koray Korkmaz ^*
0000-0003-2940-6592
Türkiye

Publication Date

June 30, 2022

Submission Date

December 25, 2021

Acceptance Date

March 22, 2022

Published in Issue

Year 1970 Volume: 7 Number: 2

DOI

https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1044795

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA65TE76HT

APA

Korkmaz, K. (2022). Determination of Proximate Composition and Fatty Acid Profiles of Commercial Fish Feeds. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences, 7(2), 184-190. https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1044795

EBSCOHost Scilit CABI

JAES/AAS-Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences/Anatolian Academic Sciences&Anadolu Çevre ve Hayvancılık Dergisi/Anadolu Akademik Bilimler-AÇEH/AAS

Determination of Proximate Composition and Fatty Acid Profiles of Commercial Fish Feeds

Abstract

Keywords

Ticari Balık Yemlerinin Besinsel Kompozisyonu ve Yağ Asidi Profillerinin Belirlenmesi

Öz

Anahtar Kelimeler

References

Details

Primary Language

Subjects

Journal Section

Authors

Publication Date

Submission Date

Acceptance Date

Published in Issue

DOI

IZ

Cite