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Fırtına Deresindeki Gökkuşağı Alabalık Çiftliklerinde İzole Edilen Aeromonas spp. İzolatlarının Antimikrobiyel Hassasiyetin Belirlenmesi

Year 2020, Volume: 5 Issue: 3, 397 - 407, 30.09.2020
https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.785447

Abstract

Bu araştırmada, Fırtına deresi üzerinde kültürü yapılan gökkuşağı alabalığı (Oncorhynchus mykiss) çiftliklerinde hastalıklı balıklardan izole edilen Aeromonas spp.'nin varlığı araştırılmıştır. Tipik hastalık belirtileri gösteren balıkların dalak ve böbrek örneklerinden besiyerlerine ekimleri yapılmış ve 20±2ºC’de 48 saat inkübasyona bırakılmıştır. Bakteri izolatlarına hareket, katalaz, oksidaz ve OF besiyerinde oksidatif/fermentasyon testleri yapılmıştır. API 20NE test kiti kullanılarak şuşlar biyokimyasal olarak tanımlanmıştır. Motil Aeromonas spp. izolatlarının antimikrobiyellere karşı olan hassasiyetleri disk difüzyon yöntemine göre belirlenmiştir. En yüksek direnç ampicillin ve amoxicillin %100, sulfametoksazola %79.31, oksitetrasikline % 62,07 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Daha az direnç sırasıyla, eritromisin %51.72, trimetoprim/sulfametoksazola %48.27, oksolinik aside %37.93, florfenikole %17.24 ve en az oranda bir kinolon olan enrofloksasine %10.34 olduğu bulunmuştur. Oksitetrasikline dirençli 20 suşun tetA ve tetB genleri açısından PZR ile tiplendirilmesinde 7 suşta tetA varlığı tespit edilmiştir. Sekiz suşta sınıf 1 integron ve 16 suşta ise sınıf 2 integron gen yapılarının varlığı tespit edilmiştir.

Supporting Institution

Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Üniversitesi BAP Birimi

Project Number

2008.103.02.1

Thanks

Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Üniversitesi BAP Birimi ve fırtına deresi üzerindeki alabalık çiftlik sahiplerine teşşekkür ederiz.

References

  • Altinok, I., Kayis, S. & Capkin, E. (2006). Pseudomonas putida infection in rainbow trout. Aquaculture, 261(3), 850-855. DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.09.009.
  • Alzainy, Z.A.A. (2011). The Occurrence, Hemolytic, Cytotoxic Activity and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Aeromonas hydrophila Isolated from Fish Samples in Baghdad. The Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 35(2), 123-135.
  • Aoki, T. (1999). Motile aeromononads (Aeromonas hydrophila). Fish diseases and disorders, Volume 3: Viral, bacterial and fungal infections (Eds. P. T. K. Woo and D. W. Bruno), Cab İnternatıonal, 427-453pp.
  • Arestrup, F.M., Lertworapreecha, M., Evans, M.C., Bangtrakulnonth, A., Chalermchaikit, T., Hendriksen, R.S. & Wegener, H.C. (2003). Antimicrobial susceptibility and occurrence of resistance genes among Salmonella enterica serovar Weltevreden from differenet countries. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 52(4), 715-718. DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkg426.
  • Austin, B. & Austin, D.A. (1993). Bacterial Fish Pathogens: Disease in Farmed and Wild Fish. Second Edition, Ellis Horwood, London, 376p.
  • Austin, B. (1985). Antibiotic pollution from fish farms: Effects on aquatic microflora. Microbiological Sciences, 2(4), 113-117.
  • Balta, F. (1997). Kültürü yapılan alabalıklarda (Oncorhynchus mykiss) görülen ‘‘Flexibacter psychrophila’’ enfeksiyonu, 621-648s. IX. Ulusal Su Ürünleri Sempozyumu, 17-19 Eylül, Eğirdir/Isparta.
  • Balta, F., Sandalli, C., Kayis, S. & Ozgumus, O.B. (2010). Molecular analysis of antimicrobial resistance in Yersinia ruckeri strains isolated from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) grown in commercial fish farms in Turkey. Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists, 30(6), 211-219.
  • Balta, F. (2016). Phenotypic, serotypic and genetic characterization and antimicrobial susceptibility determination of V. anguillarum, isolated from cultured sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L., 1758) in the Southeast Black Sea, Turkey. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 25(10) 4393-4400.
  • Balta, F. & Dengiz Balta, Z. (2016). Deniz suyuna nakledilen gökkuşağı alabalığı (Oncorhynchus mykiss) yavrularında görülen vibrio enfeksiyonu ve tedavisi. Anadolu Çevre ve Hayvancılık Bilimleri Dergisi, 1(1), 14-20.
  • Balta, F., Dengiz Balta, Z., Ozgumus, O.B. & Çağırgan, H. (2016). Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesi’ndeki gökkuşağı alabalığı (Oncorhynchus mykiss) çiftliklerinde Yersinia ruckeri’nin portörlük yönünden tetkiki ve antimikrobiyal direncin tespiti. Anadolu Çevre ve Hayvancılık Bilimleri Dergisi, 3(1), 72-76.
  • Balta, F. & Dengiz Balta, Z. (2017). Doğu Karadeniz’de yetiştiriciliği yapılan gökkuşağı alabalıkları (Oncorhynchus mykiss)’ndan izole edilen Vibrio anguillarum suşlarının serotiplendirilmesi, genetik karakterizasyonu ve antimikrobiyal duyarlılığının belirlenmesi. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 64, 321-328.
  • Balta, F. & Dengiz Balta, Z. (2019). The isolation of Lactococcus garvieae from eyes of diseased rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with exopthalmia. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences, 4(1), 27-33. DOI: 10.35229/jaes.527258.
  • Balta, F. & Yılmaz, H. (2019). Kültür levreklerinde (Dicentrarchus labrax) Vibrio parahaemolyticus enfeksiyonu. Anadolu Çevre ve Hayvancılık Bilimleri Dergisi, 4(2), 104-110. DOI: 10.35229/jaes.544439.
  • Bremer, P.J., Fletcher, G.C. & Osborn, C. (2003). Aeromonas spp. in seafoods. New Zealand Institute for Crop and Food Research Limited, 1-6. CLSI. (2014). Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Twenty-Fourth Informational Supplement. Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, USA, M100-S24, 230s.
  • Diker, K.S. (1999). Aeromonas ve aeromonas enfeksiyonları. In, M, Mimbay A, Leloğlu N, Aydın N, Kahraman M, Akay Ö, Ilgaz A, İzgür M, Diker KS (Eds): Özel Mikrobiyoloji. 59-62s, Medisan Yayın Serisi. No: 26, Ankara.
  • Diler, Ö. & Altun, S. (1994). Gökkuşağı alabalıklarından (Oncorhynchus mykiss) hemorajik septisemi etkeni olarak izole edilen bazı Aeromonas hydrophila suşlarının biyokimyasal özelliklerinin belirlenmesi. SDÜ Eğirdir Su Ürün Fak Derg, 4, 169-178.
  • Duman, M., Saticioglu, I.B., J. Janda, M. & Altun, S. (2018). The determination of the infectious status and prevalence of motile Aeromonas species isolated from disease cases in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and aquarium fish. Journal of Fish Diseases, 41, 1843-1857. DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12896.
  • Durmaz, Y. & Türk, N. (2009). Alabalık işletmelerinden motil aeromonasların izolasyonu ve antibiyotiklere duyarlılıklarının saptanması. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg. 5(3), 357-361. DOI: 10.9775/kvfd.2008.121-A.
  • Egusa, S. (1978). Infectious diseases of fish. Tokyo: Kouseisha Kouseikaku, 554p.
  • Korun, J. & Betül Toprak, H. (2007). Japon (Carassius auratus) balıklarından izole ve identifiye edilen Aeromonas hydrophila, A. caviae ve A. sobria türlerinin antibiyotik hassasiyetleri, hemolitik aktiviteleri ve siderofor üretimleri üzerine bir çalışma. Türk Sucul Yaşam Dergisi, 3-5(5-8), 776-782.
  • Lee, S., Kim, S., Oh, Y., & Lee, Y. (2000). Characterization of Aeromonas hydrophila Isolated from Rainbow Trouts in Korea. The Journal of Microbiology, 38(1), 1-7.
  • Levesque, C., Piche, L., Larose, C. & Roy, P.H. (1995). PCR mapping of integrons reveals several novel combinations of resistance genes. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 39, 185-191. DOI: 10.1128/AAC.39.1.185.
  • Mcnicol, L.A., Aziz, K.M., Huq, I., Kaper, J.B., Lockman, H.A., Remmers, E.F., Spira, W.M., Voll, M.J. & Colwell, R.R. (1980). Isolation of drug-resistant Aeromonas hydrophila from aquatic environments. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 17(3), 477-483. DOI: 10.1128/AAC.17.3.477.
  • Munro, A.L.S. (1982). The pathogenesis of bacterial diseases of fishes. In, Roberts JR (Ed): Microbial Diseases of Fish. 131-151pp., Academic Pres, London. Noga, E.J. (1996). Fish disease, diagnosis and treatment. Mosby, London. 367p.
  • Onuk, E.E., Tanrıverdi Çaycı, Y., Çoban, A.Y., Çiftci, A., Balta, F., Didinen, B.I., Pekmezci, G.Z., Altun, S., Söğüt Ünlü, M. & Deveci, A. (2015). Türkiye’de Su Kaynaklı Aeromonas spp. İzolatlarında Saptanan İlk QnrS Gen Pozitifliği. Microbiology Bulletin, 49(1), 114-123.
  • Ozgumus, O.B., Tosun, I., Aydin F. & Kilic, A.O. (2008). Horizontol dissemination of TEM- and SHV-typr beta-lactamase genes-carrying resistance plasmids amongst clonical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 39(4), 636-643. DOI: 10.1590/S1517-83822008000400007.
  • Rahim, Z., Sanyal, S.C., Aziz, K.M., Huq, M.I. & Chowdhury, A.A. (1984). Isolation of enterotoxigenic, hemolytic, and antibiotic-resistant Aeromonas hydrophila strains from infected fish in Bangladesh. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 48(4), 865-867.
  • Saavedra, M.J., Guades-Novais, S., Alves, A., Rema, P., Tacão, M., Correia, A. & Martínez-Murcia, A.M. (2004). Resistance to β-lactam antibiotics in Aeromonas hydrophila isolated from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). International Microbiology. 7(3), 207-211.
  • Samal, S.K., Das, B.K. & Pal, B.B. (2014). Isolation, biochemical characterization, antibiotic susceptibility study of Aeromonas hydrophila isolated from freshwater fish. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 3(12), 259-267.
  • Schaperclaus, W., Kulow, H. & Schrenkenbach, K. (1992). Infections abdominal dropsy. İn Schaperclaus, W (Eds). Fish Disease, Vol I. Akademie-Verlag, Berlin., 401-458p. Southage, P. (1993). Disease in aquaculture. In, Brown L (Ed): Aquaculture for Veterinarians. 1st ed. pp. 84-102, Pergamon Pres, New York.
  • Stoskoph, M.K. (1993). Bacterial Diseases of Goldfish, Koi, and Carp. Fish Medicine. Chapter 48, 473-475.
  • Stratev, D. & Odeyemi, O.A. (2016). Antimicrobial resistance of Aeromonas hydrophila isolated from different food sources: A mini-review. Journal of Infection and Public Health, 9(5), 533-544. DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2015.10.006.
  • Sugita, H., Nakamura, T., Tanaka, K. & Deguchi Y. (1994). Identification of Aeromonas species isolated from freshwater fish with the microplate hybridization method. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 60(8), 3036-3038.
  • Toranzo, A.E., Combarro, P., Lemos, M.L. & Barja, J L. (1984). Plasmid coding for transferable drug resistance in bacteria isolated from cultured rainbow trout. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 48(4), 872-877.
  • White, P.A, McIver, C.J. & Rawlinson, W.D. (2001). Integrons and gene cassettes in the Enterobacteriaceae. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 45, 2658-62.
  • Yavuzcan Yildiz, H., Bekcan, S., Karasu Benli, A.C. & Akan, M. (2005). Some blood parameters in the eel (Anguilla anguilla) spontaneously infected with Aeromonas hydrophila. Israel Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 60(3), 91-92.

Determination of the Antimicrobial Susceptibilities of Aeromonas spp. Isolated from Rainbow Trout Farms on the Fırtına River

Year 2020, Volume: 5 Issue: 3, 397 - 407, 30.09.2020
https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.785447

Abstract

In this study, the presence of Aeromonas spp. isolated from diseased rainbow trout in aquaculture on Fırtına River was investigated. Specimens from spleens and kidneys obtained from diseased fishes showing typical clinical signs were inoculated in media. The samples were incubated at 20±2 ºC for 48 hours. Motility, catalase, oxidase and oxidative/fermentative tests were performed to the bacterial isolates. According to these test results, strains were biochemically identified by using API 20NE Kit. Antimicrobial susceptibilities of Aeromonas spp. isolates were tested by disk diffussion method. The highest resistance level to antimicrobials using in the treatment of bacterial fish diseases was detected against ampicillin and amoxicillin as 100%, sulfamethoxazole 79.31%, oxytetracycline as 62.07%. The lower resistance levels were to erytromycine, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, oxolinic acid as 51,72%, 48.27%, and 37.93%, respectively. The lowest resistance level was determined to florfenicol and enrofloxacin as 17.24% and 10.34%. In PCR typing for 20 oxytetracycline-resistant strains, we detected seven strains had tetA. Eight strains were detected to harbor class 1 integron. Sixteen strains were detected to harbor class 2 integron.

Project Number

2008.103.02.1

References

  • Altinok, I., Kayis, S. & Capkin, E. (2006). Pseudomonas putida infection in rainbow trout. Aquaculture, 261(3), 850-855. DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.09.009.
  • Alzainy, Z.A.A. (2011). The Occurrence, Hemolytic, Cytotoxic Activity and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Aeromonas hydrophila Isolated from Fish Samples in Baghdad. The Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 35(2), 123-135.
  • Aoki, T. (1999). Motile aeromononads (Aeromonas hydrophila). Fish diseases and disorders, Volume 3: Viral, bacterial and fungal infections (Eds. P. T. K. Woo and D. W. Bruno), Cab İnternatıonal, 427-453pp.
  • Arestrup, F.M., Lertworapreecha, M., Evans, M.C., Bangtrakulnonth, A., Chalermchaikit, T., Hendriksen, R.S. & Wegener, H.C. (2003). Antimicrobial susceptibility and occurrence of resistance genes among Salmonella enterica serovar Weltevreden from differenet countries. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 52(4), 715-718. DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkg426.
  • Austin, B. & Austin, D.A. (1993). Bacterial Fish Pathogens: Disease in Farmed and Wild Fish. Second Edition, Ellis Horwood, London, 376p.
  • Austin, B. (1985). Antibiotic pollution from fish farms: Effects on aquatic microflora. Microbiological Sciences, 2(4), 113-117.
  • Balta, F. (1997). Kültürü yapılan alabalıklarda (Oncorhynchus mykiss) görülen ‘‘Flexibacter psychrophila’’ enfeksiyonu, 621-648s. IX. Ulusal Su Ürünleri Sempozyumu, 17-19 Eylül, Eğirdir/Isparta.
  • Balta, F., Sandalli, C., Kayis, S. & Ozgumus, O.B. (2010). Molecular analysis of antimicrobial resistance in Yersinia ruckeri strains isolated from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) grown in commercial fish farms in Turkey. Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists, 30(6), 211-219.
  • Balta, F. (2016). Phenotypic, serotypic and genetic characterization and antimicrobial susceptibility determination of V. anguillarum, isolated from cultured sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L., 1758) in the Southeast Black Sea, Turkey. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 25(10) 4393-4400.
  • Balta, F. & Dengiz Balta, Z. (2016). Deniz suyuna nakledilen gökkuşağı alabalığı (Oncorhynchus mykiss) yavrularında görülen vibrio enfeksiyonu ve tedavisi. Anadolu Çevre ve Hayvancılık Bilimleri Dergisi, 1(1), 14-20.
  • Balta, F., Dengiz Balta, Z., Ozgumus, O.B. & Çağırgan, H. (2016). Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesi’ndeki gökkuşağı alabalığı (Oncorhynchus mykiss) çiftliklerinde Yersinia ruckeri’nin portörlük yönünden tetkiki ve antimikrobiyal direncin tespiti. Anadolu Çevre ve Hayvancılık Bilimleri Dergisi, 3(1), 72-76.
  • Balta, F. & Dengiz Balta, Z. (2017). Doğu Karadeniz’de yetiştiriciliği yapılan gökkuşağı alabalıkları (Oncorhynchus mykiss)’ndan izole edilen Vibrio anguillarum suşlarının serotiplendirilmesi, genetik karakterizasyonu ve antimikrobiyal duyarlılığının belirlenmesi. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 64, 321-328.
  • Balta, F. & Dengiz Balta, Z. (2019). The isolation of Lactococcus garvieae from eyes of diseased rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with exopthalmia. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences, 4(1), 27-33. DOI: 10.35229/jaes.527258.
  • Balta, F. & Yılmaz, H. (2019). Kültür levreklerinde (Dicentrarchus labrax) Vibrio parahaemolyticus enfeksiyonu. Anadolu Çevre ve Hayvancılık Bilimleri Dergisi, 4(2), 104-110. DOI: 10.35229/jaes.544439.
  • Bremer, P.J., Fletcher, G.C. & Osborn, C. (2003). Aeromonas spp. in seafoods. New Zealand Institute for Crop and Food Research Limited, 1-6. CLSI. (2014). Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Twenty-Fourth Informational Supplement. Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, USA, M100-S24, 230s.
  • Diker, K.S. (1999). Aeromonas ve aeromonas enfeksiyonları. In, M, Mimbay A, Leloğlu N, Aydın N, Kahraman M, Akay Ö, Ilgaz A, İzgür M, Diker KS (Eds): Özel Mikrobiyoloji. 59-62s, Medisan Yayın Serisi. No: 26, Ankara.
  • Diler, Ö. & Altun, S. (1994). Gökkuşağı alabalıklarından (Oncorhynchus mykiss) hemorajik septisemi etkeni olarak izole edilen bazı Aeromonas hydrophila suşlarının biyokimyasal özelliklerinin belirlenmesi. SDÜ Eğirdir Su Ürün Fak Derg, 4, 169-178.
  • Duman, M., Saticioglu, I.B., J. Janda, M. & Altun, S. (2018). The determination of the infectious status and prevalence of motile Aeromonas species isolated from disease cases in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and aquarium fish. Journal of Fish Diseases, 41, 1843-1857. DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12896.
  • Durmaz, Y. & Türk, N. (2009). Alabalık işletmelerinden motil aeromonasların izolasyonu ve antibiyotiklere duyarlılıklarının saptanması. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg. 5(3), 357-361. DOI: 10.9775/kvfd.2008.121-A.
  • Egusa, S. (1978). Infectious diseases of fish. Tokyo: Kouseisha Kouseikaku, 554p.
  • Korun, J. & Betül Toprak, H. (2007). Japon (Carassius auratus) balıklarından izole ve identifiye edilen Aeromonas hydrophila, A. caviae ve A. sobria türlerinin antibiyotik hassasiyetleri, hemolitik aktiviteleri ve siderofor üretimleri üzerine bir çalışma. Türk Sucul Yaşam Dergisi, 3-5(5-8), 776-782.
  • Lee, S., Kim, S., Oh, Y., & Lee, Y. (2000). Characterization of Aeromonas hydrophila Isolated from Rainbow Trouts in Korea. The Journal of Microbiology, 38(1), 1-7.
  • Levesque, C., Piche, L., Larose, C. & Roy, P.H. (1995). PCR mapping of integrons reveals several novel combinations of resistance genes. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 39, 185-191. DOI: 10.1128/AAC.39.1.185.
  • Mcnicol, L.A., Aziz, K.M., Huq, I., Kaper, J.B., Lockman, H.A., Remmers, E.F., Spira, W.M., Voll, M.J. & Colwell, R.R. (1980). Isolation of drug-resistant Aeromonas hydrophila from aquatic environments. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 17(3), 477-483. DOI: 10.1128/AAC.17.3.477.
  • Munro, A.L.S. (1982). The pathogenesis of bacterial diseases of fishes. In, Roberts JR (Ed): Microbial Diseases of Fish. 131-151pp., Academic Pres, London. Noga, E.J. (1996). Fish disease, diagnosis and treatment. Mosby, London. 367p.
  • Onuk, E.E., Tanrıverdi Çaycı, Y., Çoban, A.Y., Çiftci, A., Balta, F., Didinen, B.I., Pekmezci, G.Z., Altun, S., Söğüt Ünlü, M. & Deveci, A. (2015). Türkiye’de Su Kaynaklı Aeromonas spp. İzolatlarında Saptanan İlk QnrS Gen Pozitifliği. Microbiology Bulletin, 49(1), 114-123.
  • Ozgumus, O.B., Tosun, I., Aydin F. & Kilic, A.O. (2008). Horizontol dissemination of TEM- and SHV-typr beta-lactamase genes-carrying resistance plasmids amongst clonical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 39(4), 636-643. DOI: 10.1590/S1517-83822008000400007.
  • Rahim, Z., Sanyal, S.C., Aziz, K.M., Huq, M.I. & Chowdhury, A.A. (1984). Isolation of enterotoxigenic, hemolytic, and antibiotic-resistant Aeromonas hydrophila strains from infected fish in Bangladesh. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 48(4), 865-867.
  • Saavedra, M.J., Guades-Novais, S., Alves, A., Rema, P., Tacão, M., Correia, A. & Martínez-Murcia, A.M. (2004). Resistance to β-lactam antibiotics in Aeromonas hydrophila isolated from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). International Microbiology. 7(3), 207-211.
  • Samal, S.K., Das, B.K. & Pal, B.B. (2014). Isolation, biochemical characterization, antibiotic susceptibility study of Aeromonas hydrophila isolated from freshwater fish. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 3(12), 259-267.
  • Schaperclaus, W., Kulow, H. & Schrenkenbach, K. (1992). Infections abdominal dropsy. İn Schaperclaus, W (Eds). Fish Disease, Vol I. Akademie-Verlag, Berlin., 401-458p. Southage, P. (1993). Disease in aquaculture. In, Brown L (Ed): Aquaculture for Veterinarians. 1st ed. pp. 84-102, Pergamon Pres, New York.
  • Stoskoph, M.K. (1993). Bacterial Diseases of Goldfish, Koi, and Carp. Fish Medicine. Chapter 48, 473-475.
  • Stratev, D. & Odeyemi, O.A. (2016). Antimicrobial resistance of Aeromonas hydrophila isolated from different food sources: A mini-review. Journal of Infection and Public Health, 9(5), 533-544. DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2015.10.006.
  • Sugita, H., Nakamura, T., Tanaka, K. & Deguchi Y. (1994). Identification of Aeromonas species isolated from freshwater fish with the microplate hybridization method. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 60(8), 3036-3038.
  • Toranzo, A.E., Combarro, P., Lemos, M.L. & Barja, J L. (1984). Plasmid coding for transferable drug resistance in bacteria isolated from cultured rainbow trout. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 48(4), 872-877.
  • White, P.A, McIver, C.J. & Rawlinson, W.D. (2001). Integrons and gene cassettes in the Enterobacteriaceae. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 45, 2658-62.
  • Yavuzcan Yildiz, H., Bekcan, S., Karasu Benli, A.C. & Akan, M. (2005). Some blood parameters in the eel (Anguilla anguilla) spontaneously infected with Aeromonas hydrophila. Israel Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 60(3), 91-92.
There are 37 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Fikri Balta 0000-0002-1823-5823

Project Number 2008.103.02.1
Publication Date September 30, 2020
Submission Date August 25, 2020
Acceptance Date September 16, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 5 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Balta, F. (2020). Fırtına Deresindeki Gökkuşağı Alabalık Çiftliklerinde İzole Edilen Aeromonas spp. İzolatlarının Antimikrobiyel Hassasiyetin Belirlenmesi. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences, 5(3), 397-407. https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.785447


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