Assessment of mass-movement susceptibility using GIS-AHP in the Kayaboğaz-Sağlarca segment of the Botan Valley (Siirt, Türkiye)

Abstract

This study investigates the spatial pattern of mass-movement susceptibility in the Kayaboğaz-Sağlarca segment of the Botan Valley, where complex topography, diverse lithological units, active tectonic features and variable climatic conditions interact. The main objective is to identify how these environmental factors collectively influence areas that are more prone to slope instabilities. To achieve this, nine parameters-elevation, slope, aspect, lithology, soil characteristics, proximity to drainage networks, land-use types, annual rainfall and distance to fault zones-were processed within a Geographical Information Systems (GIS) framework. Each parameter was subsequently weighted using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), and a susceptibility map was generated based on the combined indices. The results indicate that steep slopes, weak volcanic-sedimentary units, limited vegetation cover and areas located near major fault lines exhibit notably higher susceptibility values. Increased susceptibility is also observed around stream corridors and in places where human activity has altered surface conditions. In contrast, zones dominated by competent bedrock or characterized by gentle terrain display relatively low susceptibility levels. Overall, the findings highlight that mass-movement susceptibility in the study area arises from the interplay of multiple geomorphic, geological and environmental variables, providing essential information for land-use planning and hazard-aware development strategies.

Keywords

• Mass movements
• Botan Valley
• GIS
• AHP
• Geomorphology

Botan Vadisi (Siirt) Kayaboğaz-Sağlarca kesiminde kütle hareketi duyarlılığının CBS-AHS yöntemiyle değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Bu araştırma, Botan Vadisi’nin Kayaboğaz–Sağlarca kesiminde kütle hareketlerine yönelik duyarlılığın mekânsal dağılımını ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışma alanı; farklı litolojik birimler, parçalı topografya, aktif tektonik yapı ve değişken iklim koşullarının bir arada bulunduğu dinamik bir çevresel özellik sergilemektedir. Bu nedenle duyarlılığın doğru biçimde belirlenebilmesi için topografik, jeolojik, hidrolojik ve iklimsel değişkenlerin birlikte değerlendirilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu kapsamda yükselti, eğim, bakı, litoloji, toprak özellikleri, akarsulara yakınlık, arazi türleri, yağış ve fay hatlarına uzaklık olmak üzere toplam dokuz parametre kullanılmıştır. Parametreler önce Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri (CBS) ortamında işlenmiş, ardından Analitik Hiyerarşi Süreci (AHS) ile ağırlıklandırılarak duyarlılık haritası üretilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, özellikle dik yamaçların bulunduğu, zayıf litolojik birimlerin yayılım gösterdiği, bitki örtüsünün seyrekleştiği ve fay zonlarına yakın alanların daha yüksek duyarlılık değerlerine sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Akarsu çevresindeki gevşek birikintiler ve insan kullanımının yoğun olduğu alanlarda da duyarlılığın arttığı gözlenmiştir. Buna karşılık sağlam kayaçların egemen olduğu ve eğimin düşük seyrettiği bölgelerde duyarlılık sınırlı kalmıştır. Sonuçlar, çalışma alanındaki kütle hareketi duyarlılığının birden fazla parametrenin ortak etkisiyle şekillendiğini ortaya koymaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kütle hareketleri
• Botan vadisi
• CBS
• AHP
• Jeomorfoloji

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