Effects of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Growth and Secondary Metabolite Accumulation in In Vitro Culture of Ocimum basilicum L.

Funda Yılmaz Baydu; Ersan Bektaş

doi:10.35206/jan.1464551

EN TR

Effects of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Growth and Secondary Metabolite Accumulation in In Vitro Culture of Ocimum basilicum L.

Abstract

The study investigated the effects of zinc oxide nanoparticle (ZnO-NP) on the growth, secondary metabolite accumulation, and antioxidant activity of Ocimum basilicum L. (basil) shoots in vitro. Various concentrations of ZnO-NP (5, 10, 20, 40 and 50 mg/L) were applied to assess their impact on growth parameters such as shoot elongation, node and leaf numbers, shoot multiplication rate, root formation percentage, and root length. Results showed that lower ZnO-NP concentrations stimulated shoot elongation, while higher concentrations negatively affected root development. Total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity were assessed in methanolic extracts, with higher TPC observed in roots compared to stems. The antioxidant capacity, evaluated using DPPH and CUPRAC assays, showed variable responses to ZnO-NP concentrations, with higher antioxidant activity (SC50: 0.77 mg/mL and 0.512 mmol TE/g plant, respectively) detected at 40 mg/L ZnO-NP concentration in roots. Additionally, the study analyzed rosmarinic acid content, the main phenolic compound in O. basilicum, and found that its accumulation increased with ZnO-NP application, especially in roots at the 40 mg/L ZnO-NP concentration with the value of 35.98 µg phenolic/mg plant. Overall, the findings suggest that ZnO-NP application influences growth, secondary metabolite accumulation, and antioxidant activity in O. basilicum, with effects varying based on concentration and plant part.

Keywords

Ocimum basilicum, ZnO nanoparticle, Antioxidant activity, Rosmarinic acid, Micropropagation

Çinko Oksit Nanopartiküllerinin Ocimum basilicum L.'nin İn Vitro Kültürlerinde Büyüme ve Sekonder Metabolit Birikimi Üzerine Etkileri

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, çinko oksit nanopartikülünün (ZnO-NP) Ocimum basilicum L. (fesleğen) sürgünlerinin in vitro büyümesi, ikincil metabolit birikimi ve antioksidan aktivitesi üzerindeki etkileri araştırılmıştır. Çeşitli ZnO-NP konsantrasyonları (5, 10, 20, 40 ve 50 mg/L) sürgün uzaması, nod ve yaprak sayıları, kardeşlenme sayısı, kök oluşum yüzdesi ve kök uzunluğu gibi büyüme parametreleri üzerindeki etkilerini değerlendirmek için uygulanmıştır. Sonuçlar, düşük ZnO-NP konsantrasyonlarının sürgün uzamasını uyardığını, yüksek konsantrasyonların ise kök gelişimini olumsuz etkilediğini göstermiştir. Metanolik ekstraktlarda toplam fenolik içerik (TPC) ve antioksidan aktivite değerlendirilmiş, köklerde saplara kıyasla daha yüksek TPC gözlenmiştir. DPPH ve CUPRAC analizleri kullanılarak değerlendirilen antioksidan kapasite, ZnO-NP konsantrasyonlarına değişken tepkiler göstermiş, köklerde 40 mg/L ZnO-NP konsantrasyonunda daha yüksek antioksidan aktivite (sırasıyla SC50: 0,77 mg/mL ve 0,512 mmol TE/g bitki) tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, çalışmada O. basilicum'daki ana fenolik bileşik olan rosmarinik asit içeriği analiz edilmiş ve ZnO-NP uygulamasıyla, özellikle de köklerde 40 mg/L ZnO-NP konsantrasyonunda 35,98 µg fenolik/mg bitki değeriyle birikiminin arttığı bulunmuştur. Genel olarak, bulgular ZnO-NP uygulamasının O. basilicum'da büyümeyi, ikincil metabolit birikimini ve antioksidan aktiviteyi etkilediğini, etkilerin konsantrasyona ve bitki kısmına göre değiştiğini göstermektedir.

Keywords

Ocimum basilicum, ZnO nanopartikül, Antioksidan aktivite, Rosmarinik asit, Mikroçoğaltım

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Food Engineering

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Funda Yılmaz Baydu ^*
0000-0002-2128-5733
Türkiye

Ersan Bektaş
0000-0001-9030-6908
Türkiye

Publication Date

June 20, 2025

Submission Date

April 4, 2024

Acceptance Date

September 3, 2024

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 8 Number: 1

DOI

https://doi.org/10.35206/jan.1464551

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA74HX34KN

APA

Yılmaz Baydu, F., & Bektaş, E. (2025). Effects of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Growth and Secondary Metabolite Accumulation in In Vitro Culture of Ocimum basilicum L. Journal of Apitherapy and Nature, 8(1), 37-60. https://doi.org/10.35206/jan.1464551

AMA

1.Yılmaz Baydu F, Bektaş E. Effects of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Growth and Secondary Metabolite Accumulation in In Vitro Culture of Ocimum basilicum L. J.Apit.Nat. 2025;8(1):37-60. doi:10.35206/jan.1464551

Chicago

Yılmaz Baydu, Funda, and Ersan Bektaş. 2025. “Effects of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Growth and Secondary Metabolite Accumulation in In Vitro Culture of Ocimum Basilicum L”. Journal of Apitherapy and Nature 8 (1): 37-60. https://doi.org/10.35206/jan.1464551.

EndNote

Yılmaz Baydu F, Bektaş E (June 1, 2025) Effects of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Growth and Secondary Metabolite Accumulation in In Vitro Culture of Ocimum basilicum L. Journal of Apitherapy and Nature 8 1 37–60.

IEEE

[1]F. Yılmaz Baydu and E. Bektaş, “Effects of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Growth and Secondary Metabolite Accumulation in In Vitro Culture of Ocimum basilicum L”., J.Apit.Nat., vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 37–60, June 2025, doi: 10.35206/jan.1464551.

ISNAD

Yılmaz Baydu, Funda - Bektaş, Ersan. “Effects of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Growth and Secondary Metabolite Accumulation in In Vitro Culture of Ocimum Basilicum L”. Journal of Apitherapy and Nature 8/1 (June 1, 2025): 37-60. https://doi.org/10.35206/jan.1464551.

JAMA

1.Yılmaz Baydu F, Bektaş E. Effects of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Growth and Secondary Metabolite Accumulation in In Vitro Culture of Ocimum basilicum L. J.Apit.Nat. 2025;8:37–60.

MLA

Yılmaz Baydu, Funda, and Ersan Bektaş. “Effects of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Growth and Secondary Metabolite Accumulation in In Vitro Culture of Ocimum Basilicum L”. Journal of Apitherapy and Nature, vol. 8, no. 1, June 2025, pp. 37-60, doi:10.35206/jan.1464551.

Vancouver

1.Funda Yılmaz Baydu, Ersan Bektaş. Effects of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Growth and Secondary Metabolite Accumulation in In Vitro Culture of Ocimum basilicum L. J.Apit.Nat. 2025 Jun. 1;8(1):37-60. doi:10.35206/jan.1464551

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