Bazı İnstant Gıdaların Üretiminde Kızılötesi Kurutmanın Etkisi
Year 2021,
, 100 - 113, 20.03.2021
Barış Burak Albayrak
,
Necati Barış Tuncel
Habib Kocabıyık
Abstract
Gıda endüstrisi ve tüketiciler sürekli yeniliğe ve daha kaliteli ürüne ihtiyaç duymaktadır. Yalnızca sıcak su ilavesi ile kolay bir şekilde tüketime hazır hale gelen instant gıdalar, zaman tasarrufu açısından son zamanlarda popülerlik kazanmıştır. İnstant gıdalar, genellikle önce pişirilip daha sonra geleneksel kurutma yöntemi ile kurutularak üretilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, geleneksel kurutma yöntemlerine alternatif olarak infrared teknolojisi kullanılarak fasulye, bulgur, kahverengi ve beyaz pirinçten instant ürün üretilmesi ve bazı özelliklerinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla, ürünler pişirilmiş ve farklı güçlerde (300, 400, 500 W) orta dalga infrared emitter ile kurutulmuştur. Kurutulmuş ürünlerde kuruma süresi, su aktivitesi, hidroksimetilfurfural (HMF) miktarı, renk, tekstür ve rehidrasyon yeteneği ölçülerek infrared kurutmanın ürünlere olan etkisi araştırılmıştır. IR emitter gücünün artmasıyla kuruma sürelerinin beklenen şekilde azaldığı ve kuruma sonrası tüm örneklerin muhafaza açısından güvenli su aktivitelerine (0.29- 0.49) ulaştığı belirlenmiştir. Uygulanan işlemler sonucu kahverengi ve beyaz pirinçte HMF oluşumu görülmemekle birlikte bulgur ve fasulye örnekleri için HMF oluşumunda kuruma süresinin etkili olduğu saptanmıştır (p< 0.05). Bununla birlikte yüksek rehidrasyon yetenekleri sergileyen örneklerin sertlik değerlerinin daha az olduğu gözlenmiştir. Ayrıca, bulgur ve fasulye örneklerinin rehidrasyon yetenekleri infrared emitter güçlerinden etkilenmemiştir (p> 0.05). Sonuç olarak, piyasadaki instant gıda yelpazesine yeni ürünler ekleme ve instant gıda üretiminde infrared kurutmanın kullanılabilme potansiyeli ortaya konmuştur.
Thanks
Bu çalışma, henüz fikir ve prototip aşamasında iken 26-27 Nisan 2018 tarihlerinde Çanakkale’de düzenlenen “1. Proje Pazarı” etkinliğinde, alanında en iyi poster ödülüne layık görülmüş ve alınan ödül bilimsel çalışmanın hayata geçirilmesinde maddi-manevi önemli bir paya sahip olmuştur. Bu motivasyon fırsatını bizlere sunan Çanakkale Valiliği’ne, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi’ne ve “1. Proje Pazarı” etkinliğinin tüm paydaşlarına teşekkürlerimizi sunarız.
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Ratti, C. (2001). Hot air and freeze-drying of high-value foods: a review. Journal of Food Engineering, 49(4), 311-319. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0260-8774(00)00228-4
Research And Markets, (2019). Erişim Tarihi: 13.02.2020, https://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/4763082/instant-noodles-market-global-industry-trends
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- Savas, K. ve Basman, A. (2016). Infrared drying: A promising technique for bulgur production. Journal of Cereal Science. 68, 31-37. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcs.2015.11.001
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Year 2021,
, 100 - 113, 20.03.2021
Barış Burak Albayrak
,
Necati Barış Tuncel
Habib Kocabıyık
References
- AACC, American Association of Cereal Chemists, Approved Methods, 2000. No: 44-15a, 10th edition, St. Paul, MN, USA
- Basman, A. ve Yalcin, S. (2011). Quick-boiling noodle production by using infrared drying. Journal of Food Engineering, 106(3), 245-252. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2011.05.019
- Cemeroğlu, B., Karadeniz, F. ve Özkan, M. (2003). Meyve ve Sebze İşleme Teknolojisi. Gıda Teknolojisi Derneği Yayınları, 28, s. 541, Ankara.
- Chen, X., Qian, P., Zhang, X., Liu, F. ve Lu, R. (2014). Improving instant rice quality by novel combined drying. Drying Technology, 32(12), 1448-1456. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/07373937.2014.900503
- Chua, K. J. ve Chou, S. K. (2003). Low-cost drying methods for developing countries. Trends in Food Science and Technology, 14, 519-528. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2003.07.003
- Das, I. ve Das, S. K. (2010). Emitters and infrared heating system design. In: Pan, Z. ve Atungulu, G. G. (Ed.). Infrared Heating For Food And Agricultural Processing. CRC Press, USA. 57-88.
- Erkmen, O. ve Bozoglu, T. F. (Ed.). (2016). Food Microbiology: Principles into Practice: Vol. 2. John Wiley & Sons, Somerset, NJ.
- Güray, T., Tuncel, N. Y., Tuncel, M. ve Uysal, U. (2019). Validated micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MECC) method for determination of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in honey and comparison with HPLC. Chemical Papers, 73, 2209–2220. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11696-019-00770-5
- İsmail, O. (2017). Güneş altında kurutulmuş havuç dilimlerinin rehidrasyon kinetiğinin incelenmesi. Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, 32(2), 0-0. doi:https://doi.org/10.17341/gazimmfd.322157
- Jiao, A., Xu, X. ve Jin, Z. (2014). Modelling of dehydration–rehydration of instant rice in combined microwave-hot air drying. Food and Bioproducts Processing, 92(3), 259-265. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbp.2013.08.002
- Jun, S., Krishnamurthy, K., Irudayaraj, J. ve Demirci, A. (2010). Fundamentals and theory of infrared radiation. In: Pan, Z. ve Atungulu, G. G. (Ed.). Infrared Heating For Food and Agricultural Processing. CRC Press, USA. 2 p.
- Kayacan, S., Karasu, S., Akman, P. K., Goktas, H., Doymaz, I. ve Sagdic, O. (2020). Effect of different drying methods on total bioactive compounds, phenolic profile, in vitro bioaccessibility of phenolic and HMF formation of persimmon. LWT – Food Science and Technology, 118, 108830. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2019.108830
- Kocabiyik, H., Yilmaz, N., Tuncel, N. B., Sümer, S. K. ve Büyükcan, M. B. (2014). The effects of middle infrared radiation intensity on the quality of dried tomato products. International Journal of Food Science And Technology, 49, 703-710. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/ijfs.12353
- Krishnamurthy, K., Khurana, H. K., Jun, S., Irudayaraj, J. ve Demirci, A. (2008). Infrared heating in food processing: an overview. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 7, 2-13. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-4337.2007.00024.x
- Le, T. Q. ve Jittanit, W. (2015). Optimization of operating process parameters for instant brown rice production with microwave-followed by convective hot air drying. Journal of Stored Products Research, 61, 1-8. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jspr.2015.01.004
- Malekian, F., Rao, R. M., Prinyawiwatkul, W., Marshall, W. E., Windhauser, M. ve Ahmedna, M. (2000). Lipase and lipoxygenase activity, functionality, and nutrient losses in rice bran during storage. LSU AgCenter, Baton Rouge, LA 70803. 870, 9-10.
- Mayor, L. ve Sereno, A. M. (2004). Modelling shrinkage during convective drying of food materials: a review. Journal of Food Engineering, 61(3), 373-386. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0260-8774(03)00144-4
- Mongpreneet, S., Abe, T. ve Tsurusaki, T. (2002). Accelerated drying of welsh onion by far infrared radiation under vacuum conditions. Journal of Food Engineering, 55, 147-156. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0260-8774(02)00058-4
- Nachaisin, M., Jamradloedluk, J. ve Niamnuy, C. (2016). Application of combined far‐infrared radiation and air convection for drying of instant germinated brown rice. Journal of Food Process Engineering. 39(3), 306-318. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/jfpe.12226
- Nowak, D. ve Lewicki, P. P. (2004). Infrared drying of apple slices. Innovative Food Science and Emerging Technologies, 5(3), 353-360. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifset.2004.03.003
- Park, J. K., Kim, S. S. ve Kim, K. O. (2001). Effect of milling ratio on sensory properties of cooked rice and on physicochemical properties of milled and cooked rice. Cereal Chemistry, 78, 151-56. doi:https://doi.org/10.1094/CCHEM.2001.78.2.151
- Ramasamy, A. K., Kalaivanan, G. ve Sukumar, S. (2005). Consumer behaviour towards instant food products. Indian Journal of Marketing, 35(6), 24-25. Erişim Adresi: http://www.indianjournalofmarketing.com/index.php/ijom/article/view/34210
- Ramesh, M. N. ve Rao, P. N. S. (1996). Drying studies of cooked rice in a vibrofluidized bed drier. Journal of Food Engineering, 27(4), 389-396. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/0260-8774(95)00018-6
Ratti, C. (2001). Hot air and freeze-drying of high-value foods: a review. Journal of Food Engineering, 49(4), 311-319. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0260-8774(00)00228-4
Research And Markets, (2019). Erişim Tarihi: 13.02.2020, https://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/4763082/instant-noodles-market-global-industry-trends
- Rufian-Henares, A. J., Delgado-Andrade, C. ve Morales, J. F. (2009). Assessing the maillard reaction development during the toasting process of common flours employed by the cereal products industry. Food Chemistry, 114(1), 93-99. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.09.021
- Savas, K. ve Basman, A. (2016). Infrared drying: A promising technique for bulgur production. Journal of Cereal Science. 68, 31-37. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcs.2015.11.001
- Sripinyowanich, J. ve Noomhorm, A. (2013). Effects of freezing pretreatment, microwave‐assisted vibro‐fluidized bed drying and drying temperature on instant rice productıon and quality. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation, 37, 314-324. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4549.2011.00651.x
- Timm, N. S., Lang, G. H., Ferreira, C. D., Pohndorf, R. S. ve de Oliveira, M. (2020). Infrared radiation drying of parboiled rice: Influence of temperature and grain bed depth in quality aspects. Journal of Food Process Engineering. 43(4), 1-12. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/jfpe.13375
- Tuncel, N. Y. ve Tuncel, N. B. (2016). Kızılötesi teknolojisi ve gıda işlemedeki kullanımı. Akademik Gıda, 14(2), 196-203. Erişim Adresi: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/1186250
- Vadivambal, R. ve Javas, D. S. (2007). Changes in quality of microwave-treated agricultural products—a review. Biosystems Engineering, 98(1), 1-16. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2007.06.006
- Wiriyaumpaiwong, S., Soponronnarit, S. ve Prachayawarakorn S. (2004). Comparative study of heating processes for full-fat soybeans. Journal of Food Engineering, 65(3), 371-382. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2004.01.036
- Wu, J., Zhang, H. ve Li, F. (2017). A study on drying models and internal stresses of the rice kernel during infrared drying. Drying Technology, 35(6), 680-688. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/07373937.2016.1201834