Research Article
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Investigating the Variation of Selected Kepler Objects Mid-Transit Times

Year 2023, Volume: 9 Issue: 3, 730 - 747, 20.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.28979/jarnas.1201714

Abstract

We derived minima times from the transit curves of star-planet systems, Kepler-412, Kepler-422, Kepler-427 ve Kepler-435 observed by Kepler space telescope, using the Kwee - van Woerden method and Gauss function fitting. We examined the O-C diagram of each system separately, modelled them with linear and quadratic functions. We obtained that linear models give best fit for O-C distributions. We presented updated light elements of systems and concluded that O-C diagrams of systems can best be represented by the linear model.

Supporting Institution

Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi

Project Number

3199

Thanks

This work was supported by the Office of Scientific Research Projects Coordination at Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University which is given Grant number: FBA-2020-3199. We thank to TÜBİTAK Project has the Grant number: 113F353. Moreover, we appricieted to referees, editorial boards and scientific commities for their useful comments. In this research, we applied to NASA Exoplanet Archieve (NEA), NASA’s Astrophysics Data Sys-tem (ADS), the Exoplanet Orbit Database: exoplanets.org, the Extrasolar Planet Encyclopaedia: ex-oplanet.eu, Schneider et al. 2011).

References

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  • Haywood, R. D.; Collier Cameron, A.; Unruh, Y. C.; Lovis, C.; Lanza, A. F.; Llama, J.; Deleuil, M.; Fares, R.; Gillon, M.; Moutou, C.; Pepe, F.; Pollacco, D.; Queloz, D. and Ségransan, D. (2016). The Sun as a planet-host star: proxies from SDO images for HARPS radial-velocity variations. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 457, 3637. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw187
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  • Holczer, T., Mazeh, T., Nachmani, G., Jontof-Hutter, D., Ford, E. B., Fabrycky, D., Ragozzine, D., Kane, M., and Steffen, J. H. (2016). Transit Timing Observations from Kepler. IX. Catalog of the Full Long-cadence Data Set. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, 225, 9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3847/0067-0049/225/1/9
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  • Kane, M., Ragozzine, D., Flowers, X., Holczer, T., Mazeh, T. and Relles, H. M. (2019). Visual Analysis and Demographics of Kepler Transit Timing Variations. The Astronomical Journal, 157, 171. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ab0d91
  • Kwee, K. K. and van Woerden, H. (1956). A method for computing accurately the epoch of minimum of an eclipsing variable. Bulletin of the Astronomical Institutes of the Netherlands, 12, 327.
  • Lithwick Y., Xie J. and Wu Y. (2012). Extracting Planet Mass and Eccentricity from TTV Data. The Astrophysical Journal. 761: 122. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/761/2/122
  • Lithwick, Y., Xie, J., and Wu, Y. (2012). Extracting Planet Mass and Eccentricity from TTV Data. Astrophysics Journal, 761, 122. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/761/2/122
  • Lomb, N. R. (1976). Least-squares frequency analysis of unequally spaced data. Astrophysics and Space Science, 39, 447. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00648343
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  • Petrucci, R.; Jofré, E.; Melita, M.; Gómez, M.; Mauas, P. (2015). Transit timing variation analysis in southern stars: the case of WASP-28. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 446, 1389. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stu2152
  • Pont, F.; Zucker, S.; Queloz, D. (2006). The effect of red noise on planetary transit detection, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 373, 231. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.11012.x
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Year 2023, Volume: 9 Issue: 3, 730 - 747, 20.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.28979/jarnas.1201714

Abstract

Project Number

3199

References

  • Agol, E., Steffen, J., Sari, R., and Clarkson, W. (2005). On detecting terrestrial planets with timing of giant planet transits. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 359, 567. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.08922.x
  • Akaike, H. (1974). A new look at statistical model identification. System identification and time-series analysis. IEEE Trans. Automatic Control, AC-19, 716.
  • Almenara, J. M., Damiani, C., Bouchy, F., Havel, M., Bruno, G., Hébrard, G., Diaz, R. F., Deleuil, M., Barros, S. C. C., Boisse, I., Bonomo, A. S., Montagnier, G., and Santerne, A. (2015). SOPHIE velocimetry of Kepler transit candidates. XV. KOI-614b, KOI-206b, and KOI-680b: a massive warm Jupiter orbiting a G0 metallic dwarf and two highly inflated planets with a distant companion around evolved F-type stars. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 575, A71. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201424291
  • Bierksteker, J. B. and Schlichting, H. (2017). Determining Exoplanetary Oblateness Using Transit Depth Variations. The Astronomical Journal, 154, 164. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/aa88c2
  • Borucki, W. J. et al. (2010). Kepler Planet-Detection Mission: Introduction and First Results. Science, 327, 977. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1185402
  • Collier Cameron, A.; Pollacco, D.; Street, R. A.; Lister, T. A.; West, R. G.; Wilson, D. M.; Pont, F.; Christian, D. J.; Clarkson, W. I.; Enoch, B.; Evans, A.; Fitzsimmons, A.; Haswell, C. A.; Hellier, C.; Hodgkin, S. T.; Horne, K.; Irwin, J.; Kane, S. R.; Keenan, F. P.; Norton, A. J. Parley, N. R.; Osborne, J.; Ryans, R.; Skillen, I.; Wheatley, P. J. (2006). A fast hybrid algorithm for exoplanetary transit searches. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 373, 799. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.11074.x
  • Deleuil, M., Almenara, J.-M., Santerne, A., Barros, S. C. C., Havel, M., Hébrard, G., Bonomo, A. S., Bouchy, F., Bruno, G., Damiani, C., Díaz, R. F., Montagnier, G., and Moutou, C. (2014). SOPHIE velocimetry of Kepler transit candidates XI. Kepler-412 system: probing the properties of a new inflated hot Jupiter. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 564, A56. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201323017
  • Eastman, J., Gaudi, B. S., Agol, E. (2013). EXOFAST: A Fast Exoplanetary Fitting Suite in IDL. Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan, 125, 923. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/669497
  • Espinoza, N. and Kossakowski, D. and Brahm, R. (2019). Juliet: A Versatile Modelling Tool For Transiting And Non-Transiting Exoplanetary Systems. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 490, 2262-2283. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz2688
  • Endl, M., Caldwell, D. A., Barclay, T., Huber, D., Isaacson, H., Buchhave, L. A., Brugamyer, E., Robertson, P., Cochran, W. D., MacQueen, P. J., Havel, M., Lucas, P., Howell, S. B., Fischer, D., Quintana, E. and Ciardi, D. R. (2014). Kepler-424 B: A Lonely Hot Jupiter That Found A Companion. The Astrophysical Journal, 795, 151. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/795/2/151
  • Exoplanet Archive (KOI Cumulative List, 20 Ekim 2020). https://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/TblView/nph-tblView?app=ExoTbls&config=cumulative.
  • Ford, E. B., Ragozzine, D., Rowe, J. F., Steffen, J. H., Barclay, T., Batalha, N. M., Borucki, W. J., Bryson, S. T., Caldwell, D. A., Fabrycky, D. C., Gautier, T. N., Holman, M. J., Ibrahim, K. A., Kjeldsen, H., Kinemuchi, K., Koch, D. G., Lissauer, J. J., Still, M., Tenenbaum, P., Uddin, K., and Welsh, W. (2012). Transit Timing Observations from Kepler. V. Transit Timing Variation Candidates in the First Sixteen Months from Polynomial Models. The Astrophysical Journal, 756, 185. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/756/2/185
  • Foundation, F. S. (2010), Cambridge MA, USA. GNU Wget GNU Wget http://www.gnu.org/software/wget/
  • Fukui A., Narita N., Tristram P. J., Sumi T., Abe F., Itow Y., Sullivan D. J., Bond I. A., Hirano T., Tamura M., Bennett D. P., Furusawa K., Hayashi F., Hearnshaw J. B., Hosaka S., Kamiya K., Kobara S., Korpela A., Kilmartin P. M., Lin W., Ling C. H., Makita S., Masuda K., Matsubara Y., Miyake N., Muraki Y., Nagaya M., Nishimoto K., Ohnishi K., Omori K., Perrott Y., Rattenbury N., Saito T., Skuljan L., Suzuki D., Sweatman W. L. and Wada K. (2011). Measurements of Transit Timing Variations for WASP-5b. Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 63: 287. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/pasj/63.1.287
  • Gibson, N. P.; Pollacco, D.; Simpson, E. K.; Barros, S.; Joshi, Y. C.; Todd, I.; Keenan, F. P.; Skillen, I.; Benn, C.; Christian, D.; Hrudková, M. and Steele, I. A. (2009). A Transit Timing Analysis of Nine Rise Light Curves of the Exoplanet System TrES-3. The Astrophysical Journal, 700, 1078. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/700/2/1078
  • Günther, M. N. (2022). Studying exoplanet orbits and dynamics with allesfitter. European Planetary Science Congress. EPSC2022-1180. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5194/epsc2022-1180
  • Haywood, R. D.; Collier Cameron, A.; Unruh, Y. C.; Lovis, C.; Lanza, A. F.; Llama, J.; Deleuil, M.; Fares, R.; Gillon, M.; Moutou, C.; Pepe, F.; Pollacco, D.; Queloz, D. and Ségransan, D. (2016). The Sun as a planet-host star: proxies from SDO images for HARPS radial-velocity variations. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 457, 3637. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw187
  • Hébrard, G., Santerne, A., Montagnier, G., Bruno, G., Deleuil, M., Havel, M., Almenara, J.-M., Damiani, C., Barros, S. C. C., Bonomo, A. S., Bouchy, F., Díaz, R. F. and Moutou, C. (2014). Characterization of the four new transiting planets KOI-188b, KOI-195b, KOI-192b, and KOI-830b. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 572, A93. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201424268
  • Holczer, T., Mazeh, T., Nachmani, G., Jontof-Hutter, D., Ford, E. B., Fabrycky, D., Ragozzine, D., Kane, M., and Steffen, J. H. (2016). Transit Timing Observations from Kepler. IX. Catalog of the Full Long-cadence Data Set. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, 225, 9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3847/0067-0049/225/1/9
  • Holman, M. J. and Murray, N. W. (2005). The Use of Transit Timing to Detect Terrestrial-Mass Extrasolar Planets. Science, 307, 1288. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1106/science.1107822
  • Horne J. H. and Baliunas S. L. (1986). A prescription for period analysis of unevenly sampled time series. The Astrophysical Journal. 302: 757. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/164037
  • Kane, M., Ragozzine, D., Flowers, X., Holczer, T., Mazeh, T. and Relles, H. M. (2019). Visual Analysis and Demographics of Kepler Transit Timing Variations. The Astronomical Journal, 157, 171. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ab0d91
  • Kwee, K. K. and van Woerden, H. (1956). A method for computing accurately the epoch of minimum of an eclipsing variable. Bulletin of the Astronomical Institutes of the Netherlands, 12, 327.
  • Lithwick Y., Xie J. and Wu Y. (2012). Extracting Planet Mass and Eccentricity from TTV Data. The Astrophysical Journal. 761: 122. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/761/2/122
  • Lithwick, Y., Xie, J., and Wu, Y. (2012). Extracting Planet Mass and Eccentricity from TTV Data. Astrophysics Journal, 761, 122. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/761/2/122
  • Lomb, N. R. (1976). Least-squares frequency analysis of unequally spaced data. Astrophysics and Space Science, 39, 447. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00648343
  • Maciejewski G., Dimitrov D., Neuhäuser R., Tetzlaff N., Niedzielski A., Raetz S., Chen W. P., Walter F., Marka C., Baar S., Krejcová T., Budaj J., Krushevska V., Tachihara K., Takahashi H. ve Mugrauer M. (2011). Transit timing variation and activity in the WASP-10 planetary system. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 411: 1204-1212. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17753.x
  • Mazeh, T.; Nachmani, G.; Holczer, T.; Fabrycky, D.; Ford, E.; Sanchis-Ojeda, R.; Sokol, G.; Rowe, J.; Zucker, S.; Agol, E.; Carter, J.; Lissauer, J.; Quintana, E.; Ragozzine, D.; Steffen, J. and Welsh, W. (2013). Transit Timing Observations from Kepler. VIII. Catalog of Transit Timing Measurements of the First Twelve Quarters. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, 208, 16. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/0067-0049/208/2/16
  • Nelson, B. (2018). Minima25 (https://www.variablestarssouth.org/software-by-bob-nelson/).
  • Öztürk, O.; Erdem, A. (2019). New photometric analysis of five exoplanets: CoRoT-2b, HAT-P-12b, TrES-2b, WASP-12b, and WASP-52b. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 486, 2290. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz747
  • Petrucci, R.; Jofré, E.; Melita, M.; Gómez, M.; Mauas, P. (2015). Transit timing variation analysis in southern stars: the case of WASP-28. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 446, 1389. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stu2152
  • Pont, F.; Zucker, S.; Queloz, D. (2006). The effect of red noise on planetary transit detection, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 373, 231. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.11012.x
  • Püsküllü, Ç.; Soydugan, F.; Erdem, A.; Budding, E. (2017). Photometric investigation of hot exoplanets: TrES-3b and Qatar-1b. New Astronomy, 55, 39. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.newast.2017.04.001
  • Rabus, M.; Deeg, H. J.; Alonso, R.; Belmonte, J. A.; Almenara, J. M. (2009). Transit timing analysis of the exoplanets TrES-1 and TrES-2. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 508, 1011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/200912252
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There are 40 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Metrology, Applied and Industrial Physics
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Çağlar Püsküllü 0000-0001-9213-0969

Oguz Ozturk 0000-0002-9135-9865

Project Number 3199
Early Pub Date September 19, 2023
Publication Date September 20, 2023
Submission Date November 14, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 9 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Püsküllü, Ç., & Ozturk, O. (2023). Investigating the Variation of Selected Kepler Objects Mid-Transit Times. Journal of Advanced Research in Natural and Applied Sciences, 9(3), 730-747. https://doi.org/10.28979/jarnas.1201714
AMA Püsküllü Ç, Ozturk O. Investigating the Variation of Selected Kepler Objects Mid-Transit Times. JARNAS. September 2023;9(3):730-747. doi:10.28979/jarnas.1201714
Chicago Püsküllü, Çağlar, and Oguz Ozturk. “Investigating the Variation of Selected Kepler Objects Mid-Transit Times”. Journal of Advanced Research in Natural and Applied Sciences 9, no. 3 (September 2023): 730-47. https://doi.org/10.28979/jarnas.1201714.
EndNote Püsküllü Ç, Ozturk O (September 1, 2023) Investigating the Variation of Selected Kepler Objects Mid-Transit Times. Journal of Advanced Research in Natural and Applied Sciences 9 3 730–747.
IEEE Ç. Püsküllü and O. Ozturk, “Investigating the Variation of Selected Kepler Objects Mid-Transit Times”, JARNAS, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 730–747, 2023, doi: 10.28979/jarnas.1201714.
ISNAD Püsküllü, Çağlar - Ozturk, Oguz. “Investigating the Variation of Selected Kepler Objects Mid-Transit Times”. Journal of Advanced Research in Natural and Applied Sciences 9/3 (September 2023), 730-747. https://doi.org/10.28979/jarnas.1201714.
JAMA Püsküllü Ç, Ozturk O. Investigating the Variation of Selected Kepler Objects Mid-Transit Times. JARNAS. 2023;9:730–747.
MLA Püsküllü, Çağlar and Oguz Ozturk. “Investigating the Variation of Selected Kepler Objects Mid-Transit Times”. Journal of Advanced Research in Natural and Applied Sciences, vol. 9, no. 3, 2023, pp. 730-47, doi:10.28979/jarnas.1201714.
Vancouver Püsküllü Ç, Ozturk O. Investigating the Variation of Selected Kepler Objects Mid-Transit Times. JARNAS. 2023;9(3):730-47.


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