Research Article

Modeling an Aileron using Four-Bar Linkage Method in Excel

Volume: 3 Number: 2 December 30, 2025
EN TR

Modeling an Aileron using Four-Bar Linkage Method in Excel

Abstract

This study presents an interactive model and simulation of an aileron mechanism based on Excel VBA. The primary objective of the study is to analyze the relationships between aileron dynamics, hinge moment, and actuator forces in a practical and efficient manner, as well as to visualize the system's state. The model's foundation is based on a four-bar mechanism derived from a five-bar mechanism, where the kinematic equations are expressed using trigonometric relationships. Basic geometric data such as the lengths of the rods forming the mechanism, the coordinates of the connection points, and the input angle are defined as input parameters. The example configuration selected for the application belongs to a Medium Altitude Long Endurance (MALE) class unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), ensuring that the model is adapted to a realistic scenario. The user-friendly interface developed using VBA allows for interactive examination of the system. The left panel of the interface displays real-time numerical data for the aileron angle, hinge moment, actuator force, and angles between elements that determine the kinematic state of the system. On the right panel, the kinematic state of the system at the current aileron position is displayed graphically. The user can instantly adjust the aileron deflection angle within an approximate ±15° range using the control buttons on the interface. Any angular changes made are automatically reflected in the relevant aerodynamic moment and force calculations. As a result, this modeling tool effectively visualizes the interaction between aerodynamic and mechanical parameters, accelerates design verification processes, and provides a highly accessible, dynamic platform for educational analysis. This enables rapid and interactive evaluation of aircraft control surface designs during the design phase, thereby making a significant contribution to engineering processes.

Keywords

Supporting Institution

Necmettin Erbakan Universty

Thanks

Access to the software and scientific resources used in this study was made possible by the Microsoft Excel license provided by Necmettin Erbakan University and access to academic databases. We would like to thank Necmettin Erbakan University for providing the infrastructure and resource support.

References

  1. 1. Uicker, J. J., Uicker Jr, J. J., Pennock, G. R., & Shigley, J. E. (2023). Theory of machines and mechanisms. Cambridge University Press.
  2. 2. Mishra, R. (2021). Mechanisms of flexible four-bar linkages: A brief review. Materials Today: Proceedings, 47, 5570-5574.
  3. 3. Kim, J. W., Seo, T., & Kim, J. (2016). A new design methodology for four-bar linkage mechanisms based on derivations of coupler curve. Mechanism and Machine Theory, 100, 138-154.
  4. 4. Alfaro, M. E., Bolnick, D. I., & Wainwright, P. C. (2004). Evolutionary dynamics of complex biomechanical systems: an example using the four‐bar mechanism. Evolution, 58(3), 495-503.
  5. 5. Acharyya, S. K., & Mandal, M. (2009). Performance of EAs for four-bar linkage synthesis. Mechanism and Machine Theory, 44(9), 1784-1794.
  6. 6. Parlaktaş, V., Tanık, E., & Tanık, Ç. M. (2019). On the design of a novel fully compliant spherical four-bar mechanism. Advances in Mechanical Engineering, 11(9), 1687814019879548.
  7. 7. Şenol, M. G. (2016). Design and testing of a four-bar flapping wing mechanism (Master's thesis, Middle East Technical University (Turkey)).
  8. 8. Şahin, H. L., & Yaman, Y. (2018). Design and analysis of a novel mechanism for the morphing of trailing edge of an aircraft wing.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Numerical Modelling and Mechanical Characterisation, Aerospace Structures, Aircraft Performance and Flight Control Systems

Journal Section

Research Article

Early Pub Date

December 1, 2025

Publication Date

December 30, 2025

Submission Date

August 16, 2025

Acceptance Date

November 6, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 3 Number: 2

APA
Oturakçı, O., & Gezgin, A. (2025). Modeling an Aileron using Four-Bar Linkage Method in Excel. Journal of Aerospace Science and Management, 3(2), 95-117. https://izlik.org/JA86CY94DF
AMA
1.Oturakçı O, Gezgin A. Modeling an Aileron using Four-Bar Linkage Method in Excel. JASAM. 2025;3(2):95-117. https://izlik.org/JA86CY94DF
Chicago
Oturakçı, Osman, and Ataberk Gezgin. 2025. “Modeling an Aileron Using Four-Bar Linkage Method in Excel”. Journal of Aerospace Science and Management 3 (2): 95-117. https://izlik.org/JA86CY94DF.
EndNote
Oturakçı O, Gezgin A (December 1, 2025) Modeling an Aileron using Four-Bar Linkage Method in Excel. Journal of Aerospace Science and Management 3 2 95–117.
IEEE
[1]O. Oturakçı and A. Gezgin, “Modeling an Aileron using Four-Bar Linkage Method in Excel”, JASAM, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 95–117, Dec. 2025, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA86CY94DF
ISNAD
Oturakçı, Osman - Gezgin, Ataberk. “Modeling an Aileron Using Four-Bar Linkage Method in Excel”. Journal of Aerospace Science and Management 3/2 (December 1, 2025): 95-117. https://izlik.org/JA86CY94DF.
JAMA
1.Oturakçı O, Gezgin A. Modeling an Aileron using Four-Bar Linkage Method in Excel. JASAM. 2025;3:95–117.
MLA
Oturakçı, Osman, and Ataberk Gezgin. “Modeling an Aileron Using Four-Bar Linkage Method in Excel”. Journal of Aerospace Science and Management, vol. 3, no. 2, Dec. 2025, pp. 95-117, https://izlik.org/JA86CY94DF.
Vancouver
1.Osman Oturakçı, Ataberk Gezgin. Modeling an Aileron using Four-Bar Linkage Method in Excel. JASAM [Internet]. 2025 Dec. 1;3(2):95-117. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA86CY94DF

Publication of Erciyes University, Aviation Sciences Application and Research Center, 2021 | jasam@erciyes.edu.tr

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