Dried Distillation Grains and Solubles Obtained from Corn (DDGS) Investigation in Terms of Some Quality and Risk Criteria

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 96 - 109, 25.06.2021

Şaban Meriç Fisun Koc

https://doi.org/10.51970/jasp.933547

Cited By: 2

Öz

In the study, it was aimed to reveal the risks that corn DDGS, which is an alternative feed source, whose use is increasing day by day in the world and in our country, by examining them in terms of some quality and risk criteria. Within the scope of the study, crude protein (HP), crude cellulose (CF), eter extract (EE), crude ash (CA), moisture, heavy metals lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury in 52 DDGS samples imported from the United States of America. (Hg), arsenic (As), organic chlorine pesticide, aflatoxin (B1, B2, G1 and G2) and foreign matter analyzes were performed. As a result of the research, the average nutrient composition of DDGS samples in dry matter; It was determined as 28.29% CP, 7.54% CF, 9.69% EE, 5.14% CA and 7.85% moisture. It was determined that the legal limits were not exceeded in terms of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Hg, As), organic chlorinated pesticides, aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1, G2) and microscopic foreign matter analysis.

Anahtar Kelimeler

DDGS, Heavy metal, Pesticide, Aflatoxin

Mısırdan Elde Edilmiş Kurutulmuş Damıtma Tane ve Çözünürlerin (DDGS) Bazı Kalite ve Risk Kriterleri Yönünden İncelenmesi

Öz

Araştırmada, dünyada ve ülkemizde kullanımı her geçen gün artan, alternatif bir yem kaynağı olan mısır DDGS’lerin bazı kalite ve risk kriterleri yönünden incelenerek içerebileceği risklerin ortaya konması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında Amerika Birleşik Devletlerinden ithal edilen 52 adet DDGS örneğinde ham protein (HP), ham selüloz (HS), ham yağ (HY), ham kül (HK), nem, ağır metallerden kurşun (Pb), kadmiyum (Cd), civa (Hg), arsenik (As), organik klorlu pestisit, aflatoksin (B1, B2, G1 ve G2) ve yabancı madde analizleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda, DDGS numunelerinin ortalama besin madde kompozisyonu kuru maddede; %28.29 HP, %7.54 HS, %9.69 HY, %5.14 HK ve %7.85 nem olarak belirlenmiştir. Ağır metaller (Pb, Cd, Hg, As), organik klorlu pestisitler, aflatoksinler (B1, B2, G1, G2) ve mikroskobik yabancı madde analizleri yönünden ise yasal limitlerin aşılmadığı tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

DDGS, Ağır metal, Pestisit, Aflatoksin

Kaynakça

• 1. Abo-State, H.A., Tahoun, A.M., Hamouda, Y.A., 2009. Effect of replacement of soybean by DDGS combined with commercial phytase on Nile tilapia. American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural & Environmental Science, 5 (4), 473-479.
• 2.. Anonim, 2007. USGCPhysical & Chemical Characteristics of DDGS.DDGS user handbook. http://www.grains.org/images/stories/DDGS_user_handbook /08%20-%20Physical%20and%20Chemical%20Characteristics%20of%20 DDGS.ERE%20revisions.pdf.
• 3. AOAC, 2000. Official Methods of Analysis (17th Ed.). Maryland, USA: Association of Official Analytical Chemists.
• 4. Aydın, B., Gümüş, E., 2016. Balık yemlerinde alternatif hammadde kaynağı: Kurutulmuş damıtma kalıntıları ve çözünür maddeleri (DDGS). Anadolu Çevre ve Hayvancılık Bilimleri Dergisi Yıl: 1, 3, 87-91.
• 5. Batal, A., Dale, N., 2003. Mineral composition of distillers dried grains with solubles. The Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 12, 400-403.
• 6. Belyea, R. L., Raush, K. D., Tumbleson, M.E., 2004. composition of corn and distillers dried grains with solubles from dry grind ethanol processing. Bioresourge teknology 94:293-298.
• 7. Belyea, R.L., Rausch, K.D., Clevenger, T.E., Singh, V., Johnston, D.B., Tumbleson, M.E., 2010. Sources of variation in composition of DDGS. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 159, 122-130.
• 8. Chevanan, N., Rosentrater, K.A.,Mutjukumarappan, K., 2005. Utilization of distillers dried grains for fish feed by extrusion technology-a review. ASAE Annual International Meeting, Paper Number 056025, Tampa, Florida.
• 9. Dale, M., Batal, A. B., 2005. Distiller’s Grains: Focusing on quality control. Egg Industry, April, 12-13. http://www.caslab.com/EPA-Method-6010-C/).
• 10. Li, E., Lim, C., Cai, C., Klesius, P.H., 2011. Growth response and resistance to Streptococcus iniae of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, fed diets containing different levels of wheat distiller’s dried grains with solubles with or without lysine supplementation. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 170, 246-255.
• 11. Liu, K., Rosentrater, K.A., 2012. Distillers Grains: Production, Properties, and Utilization. CRC Press, 540 pp, Abingdon, England.
• 12. Magalhães, R., Coutinho, F., Pousão-Ferreira, P., Aires, T., Oliva-Teles, A., Peres, H., 2015. Corn distiller's dried grains with solubles: apparent digestibility and digestive enzymes activities in European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and meagre (Argyrosomusregius). Aquaculture, 443, 90-97.
• 13. Øverland, M., Krogdahl, Å., Shurson, G., Skrede A., Denstadli, V., 2013. Evaluation of distiller’s dried grains with solubles (DDGS) and high protein distiller’s dried grains (HPDDG) in diets for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture, 416-417, 201-208.
• 14. RFA., 2005. Homegrown for the Homeland: Ethanol Industry Outlook. Renewable Fuels Association. http://www.ethanolrfa.org/ objects/pdf/outlo ok/outlook_2005.pdf.
• 15. RFA., 2013. U.S. Fuel Ethanol Industry Biorefieneries and Production Capacity. Renewable Fuels Association. Washington DC. http://www.ethanolrfa.org/industry/locations/
• 16. Robinson, E.H., Li, M.H., 2008. Replacement of soybean meal in channel catfish, Ictaluruspunctatus, diets with cottonseed meal and distiller’s dried grains with solubles. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 39, 521-527.
• 17. Rodrigues, I., 2008. Crucial to monitor mycotoxins in DDGS. Asian pork Magazine.
• 18. Rodrigues, I., Chin, L.J., 2012. A comprehensive survey on the occurrence of mycotoxins in maize dried distillers’ grain and solubles sourced worldwide. World Mycotoxin J 5:83–88.
• 19. Rosentrater, K.A. Muthukumarappan, K., 2006. Corn ethanol coproducts: generation, properties, and future prospects. International Sugar Journal, 108, 648-657.
• 20. Salim, H.M., Kruk, Z.A., Lee, B.D., 2010. Nutritive value of corn distillers dried grains with solubles as an ingredient of poultry diets: A review. World's Poultry Science Journal, 66, 411-432.
• 21. Schaeffer, T.W., Brown, M.L., Rosentrater, K.L., 2011. Effects of dietary distillers dried grains with solubles and soybean meal on extruded pellet characteristics and growth responses of juvenile yellow perch. North American Journal of Aquaculture, 73, 270-278.
• 22. Seale, D.R., Pahlow, G., Spoelstra, S.F., Lindgren, S., Dellaglio, F., Lowe, J.F, 1990. Methods For the Microbiological Analysis of Silage. Proceeding of the Eurobac Conference, 147, Uppsala.
• 23. Spiehs, M. J., Whıtney, M. H., Shurson, G. C., 2002. Nutrient database for distiller’s dried with solubles produced from new ethanol plants in Minnesota and South Dakota. J. Animal Sci. 80: 2639-2645.
• 24. Şenyüz, H., Karslı, M.E., Başalan, M., 2015. Kurutulmuş damıtma-tane ve çözünürlerinin (DDGS) hayvan beslemede kullanımı. Lalahan Hay. Araşt. Enst. Derg. 2015, 55 (2) 82-88.
• 25. Tanör, A., 2008. Alternatif yem kaynaklarına yeni yaklaşımlar. 9. Uluslar arası yem kongresi ve sergisi. Yem magazin, 51:95-101. Yazgan, O., 2005. Yemlerde kalite kontrolü ve olumsuzlukları. Yemlerde kalite kontrolü ve süt ineklerinin beslenmesi,önsöz .Konya.
• 26. Zhang, Y., Caupert, J., Imerman, P. M., Richard, J. L., Shurson, G. C., 2009. The occurrence and concentration of mycotoxin in US Distiller’s Dried Grains and Solubles. http://www.grains.org/images/stories/technical_publications/JAFC_manuscript_Final.pdf.