Uzay kaynaklarının kullanımının hukuki ve ekonomik etkileri

Year 2025, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 35 - 47, 28.02.2025

Mehmet Erkan Kıllıoğlu

https://doi.org/10.52995/jass.1596314

Abstract

Uzay araştırmalarının günümüzde özel şirketlere de açılması uluslararası kamuoyunun gündemini her geçen gün daha fazla işgal etmekte ve bu konu ile ilgili tartışmaları da beraberinde getirmektedir. Daha önce tamamıyla devletlerin kontrolündeki bir alan olan uzay araştırmalarında, uydu iletişim hizmetleri, uydu fırlatma, uzaktan algılama, uydu fotoğrafçılığı, TV yayıncılığı, navigasyon ve hava durumu tahmini gibi hizmet alanlarında özel şirketler de faaliyet göstermektedir. Her geçen gün daha fazla gündeme gelen tartışma beraberinde uzay kaynaklarının kullanımı, uzayda madencilik, uzayda mülkiyet hakkı, gökcisimleri ve bunların kaynakları üzerinde egemenlik tesisi gibi bir dizi tartışmayı da beraberinde getirmektedir. Özel şirketlerin bu sayılan faaliyet alanlarına ve bu konu ile ilgili tartışmalara uzay kaynaklarının kullanımı da eklenmiştir. Bu alanda gelişmekte olan hukuk normlarının kurucu metni olan 1967 tarihli Dış Uzay Antlaşması, uzayda egemenlik iddiası ve mülkiyet hakkı tesisine yasak getirmiş ve olası ilhak girişimlerinin gerginliğe yol açmasının önüne geçmek için uzayın insanlığın ortak mirası olduğu iddiasını ortaya atmıştır. Soğuk Savaş döneminde uluslararası ilişkilerde nispeten istikrar sağlayan bu söylem günümüzde gelişen teknoloji ve artan talepler ve uzayın sunduğu potansiyeller sebebiyle hızla hükümsüz kalmaya doğru gitmektedir. Bu çalışmada bu konulara değinilecek ve insanlığın ortak mirası söylemi ve temelini 5 antlaşmanın oluşturduğu uzay hukukunun gerek devletlerin gerekse de gerçek ve tüzel kişilerin uzayda, uzay kaynaklarında mülkiyet ve egemenlik hakkı tesisi iddialarının durumu konusunda bir tartışma yürütülecektir.

Keywords

Dış Uzay Antlaşması, İnsanlığın Ortak Mirası, Özel Mülkiyet, Özel Şirketler, Uydular

The Legal and EcoThe legal and economic aspects of use of space resources

Abstract

Nowadays, the opening of space research to private companies occupies the agenda of the international public and brings about discussions on this issue. In space research, which was previously an area entirely under the control of states, private companies also operate in service areas such as satellite communication services, satellite launches, remote sensing, satellite photography, TV broadcasting, navigation and weather forecasting. The debate, which is becoming more popular, brings with it a series of discussions such as the use of space resources, space mining, property rights in space, and establishing sovereignty over celestial bodies and their resources. The use of space resources has also been added to the above-mentioned areas of activity of private companies and discussions on this subject. The Outer Space Treaty of 1967, which is the founding text of the developing legal norms in this field, banned the assertion of sovereignty and establishment of property rights in space and claimed that space is the common heritage of mankind. This discourse, which provided relative stability in international relations during the Cold War, is rapidly becoming obsolete today due to developing technology, increasing demands and the potentials offered by space. In this study, these issues will be discussed and a discussion will be held on the discourse of the common heritage of humanity and the status of space law.

Keywords

The Outer Space Treaty, Common Heritage of Mankind, Private Property, Private Enterprises, Satellites

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