ETHICAL PRINCIPLES
The Journal of Economics and Administrative Approaches (JEAA) has adopted the International Ethical Publishing Principles published by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ). We advise all our stakeholders to comply with COPE and DOAJ rules.

Actions Contrary to Scientific Research and Publication Ethics (Directive on Scientific Research and Publication Ethics of Higher Education Institutions)
a) Plagiarism: Representing the original ideas, methods, data or works of others as one's own work in whole or in part without citation in accordance with scientific rules,
b) Forgery: Using non-existent or falsified data in scientific research,
c) Distortion: Falsifying research records or data obtained, falsifying devices or materials not used in the research, falsifying or shaping the results of the research in line with the interests of the persons and organizations receiving support,
ç) Republishing: Presenting duplicate publications as separate publications for academic appointments and promotions,
d) Slicing: Dividing the results of a research into parts in a way that disrupts the integrity of the research and inappropriately and publishing them in more than one number and presenting these publications as separate publications in academic appointments and promotions,
e) Unfair authorship: Including or excluding people who have not made active contributions, changing the order of authors in an unjustified and inappropriate manner, removing the names of active contributors from the work in subsequent editions, using one's influence to have one's name included among the authors even though one has not made active contributions,

(2) Other types of ethical violations are as follows
a) Not specifying the persons, institutions or organizations that provide support and their contributions in the publications made as a result of the research conducted with support,
b) Using theses or studies that have not yet been submitted or defended and accepted as a source without the permission of the owner,
c) Failure to comply with ethical rules in research on humans and animals, and failure to respect patient rights in publications,
ç) Violating the provisions of the relevant legislation in human biomedical research and other clinical research,
d) Sharing the information contained in a work that he/she has been assigned to examine with others before publication without the express permission of the author,
e) To misuse the resources, spaces, facilities and devices provided or allocated for scientific research,
f) Making baseless, unwarranted and intentional allegations of ethical violations,
g) Publishing data obtained in surveys and attitude surveys conducted within the scope of a scientific study without obtaining the explicit consent of the participants or, if the research is to be conducted in an institution, without obtaining the permission of the institution,
h) To harm animal health and ecological balance in research and experiments,
ı) Failure to obtain the necessary permissions in writing from the authorized units in research and experiments before starting the studies.
i) Conducting research and experiments contrary to the provisions of the legislation or international conventions to which Turkey is a party regarding the relevant research and experiments.
j) Failure by researchers and authorities to comply with the obligation to inform and warn those concerned about possible harmful practices related to the scientific research conducted,
k) Not using the data and information obtained from other persons and institutions in scientific studies to the extent and in the manner permitted, not respecting the confidentiality of this information and not ensuring its protection,
l) Making false or misleading statements regarding scientific research and publications in academic appointments and promotions,

Protection of Participants' Personal Data
Our journal requires that all research involving personal or sensitive data or materials relating to human participants that are not legally publicly available be subject to formal ethical review.

Ethical Violation Notifications
Readers can send an e-mail to iibfdergisi@sirnak.edu.tr if they notice a significant error or inaccuracy in an article published in our journal or if they have any complaints about the editorial content (plagiarism, duplicate articles, etc.). We welcome submissions and respond quickly and constructively, as they provide an opportunity for improvement.

Correction, Retraction, Expression of Concern
Editors may consider publishing a correction if minor errors are identified in the published article that do not affect the findings, interpretations and conclusions. In the case of major errors/violations that invalidate findings and conclusions, editors should consider retracting the article. The COPE guidelines regarding correction, retraction or expression of concern are taken into account.

Plagiarism Check
Our journal scans all submitted manuscripts to prevent plagiarism. The similarity rate should not exceed 20%. In addition, the plagiarism/similarity rate in a single source should not exceed 3%. Turnitin and iThenticate programs are taken into consideration for plagiarism/similarity reports.

Financial Support
Authors should clearly declare the financial support provided by any organization within the scope of their work in the text of the article.

ETHICS COMMITTEE APPROVAL
Our journal requires that the relevant ethics committee decision must be obtained for all studies in all disciplines that require ethics committee permission. In this context, information about the ethics committee approval (name of the committee, date and decision number) should be clearly stated in the text of the article. In case reports, the information that the informed consent form has been obtained should be included in the article.
In line with the regulations implemented by Ulakbim TR Index since 2020, studies that do not have ethics committee permission are not evaluated in our journal.

Studies Requiring Ethics Committee Approval
In our journal, researches that require ethics committee permission include the following studies:
• All research conducted with qualitative or quantitative approaches that involve collecting data from participants through methods such as surveys, interviews, focus groups, observations, experiments and interview techniques,
• Studies in which humans and animals (including materials or data) are used for experimental or other scientific purposes,
• Clinical trials conducted on humans,
• Scientific research on animals,
• Retrospective studies within the framework of the Personal Data Protection Law.
In order for such studies to be included in the evaluation, the relevant ethics committee permissions must be obtained and these permissions must be clearly stated in the text of the article.

NOTE: Scientific research on humans and animals must be conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and ARRIVE guidelines and approval must be obtained from the relevant ethics committee.

RESPONSIBILITIES OF STAKEHOLDERS

1- DUTIES OF THE EDITOR
The editor is independently responsible for which works submitted to the journal will be published. The editor may be guided by the policies of the journal's editorial board and may be constrained by the legal requirements that will apply at the time, such as in matters of libel, copyright infringement and plagiarism. The editor may consult with other editors or reviewers (or relevant public officials) in making these decisions.

Refereeing Process
The editor should ensure that the peer review process is fair, impartial and timely. The editor should also review all disclosures of potential conflicts of interest and recommendations made by reviewers to determine whether there is any potential for bias or ethical problems.

Impartiality
The editor should evaluate manuscripts for intellectual content without regard to race, gender, religious beliefs, ethnicity, citizenship or political philosophy of the authors. When identifying potential editorial board members, the editor should consider the need for appropriate and inclusive representation.

Confidentiality
The editor must maintain the confidentiality of all material submitted to the journal and all communications with reviewers, unless otherwise agreed with the authors and reviewers concerned. In exceptional cases and in consultation with the publisher, the editor may share limited information with the editors of other journals when deemed necessary to investigate suspicious and unethical situations.

Conflict of Interest Statement
The editor should not be involved in decisions about products or services that he or she has written, that have been written by family members or close colleagues, or in which the editor has an interest.

2-DUTIES OF THE REFEREE

Contribution to the Publication Process
Peer review assists the editor in the decision-making stages of the publication process and can help the author to improve the manuscript through editorial communications with the author. Peer review is an essential component of scholarly communication and central to the scientific method.

Confidentiality
All manuscripts under review should be treated as confidential documents. Reviewers should not share the review or information about the manuscript with anyone or communicate directly with the authors without permission from the editor. Some editors may encourage discussion with colleagues or joint review exercises. However, reviewers should first discuss this with the editor to ensure that confidentiality is maintained.
Unpublished material described in a submitted manuscript should not be used in a reviewer's own research without the express written permission of the author. Privileged information or ideas obtained through peer review should be kept confidential and should not be used for personal gain.

Being Mindful of Ethical Issues
The reviewer should be alert to potential ethical issues in the manuscript and bring them to the editor's attention (including any significant similarities or overlaps between the manuscript under review and other published papers). If there is any indication that an observation or argument has been previously reported, it should be accompanied by the relevant citation.

Conflict of Interest and Objectivity Standards
Reviews should be conducted objectively. Reviewers should be aware of any personal bias and take this into account when reviewing an article. Personal criticism of the author is not appropriate. Reviewers should clearly express their views with supporting arguments.
Reviewers should consult with the editor before agreeing to review a manuscript where there are potential conflicts of interest arising from competition, collaboration, or other relationships or connections with any of the authors, companies, or institutions linked to the manuscript.
If a referee suggests that an author include citations in their work, this should be for genuine scientific reasons and not for the referee to increase the number of citations or to increase the visibility of their work.

3-DUTIES OF THE AUTHOR

Reporting Standards
Authors of original research reports should provide a clear description of the work done as well as an objective discussion of its significance. Data should be presented accurately in the paper. The study should include sufficient detail and references to allow others to replicate the study. Fraudulent or intentional misrepresentation constitutes unethical behavior and is unacceptable.
Review and professional publication articles should also be precise and objective, and editorial 'opinion' work should also be clearly defined.

Data Access and Storage
Authors may be asked to provide research data supporting their articles for editorial review and/or to comply with the journal's open data requirements. Authors should be prepared to provide public access to such data, if possible, and to retain such data for a reasonable period after publication. Authors can contact the journal editorial office for more details.

Authenticity and acknowledgment of sources
Authors should ensure that they are writing entirely original work and that, if they have used the work and/or words of others, this is properly cited or highlighted in quotation marks and permission is obtained where necessary.
Accurate reporting of the work of others should always be ensured. Authors should cite publications that influence the reported work and give the appropriate context for the work within the wider scientific record. Privately obtained information, such as in conversations, correspondence or discussions with third parties, should not be used or reported without the express written permission of the source.
Plagiarism can take many forms, from passing off someone else's article as the author's own, to copying or paraphrasing (without attribution) important parts of someone else's article, to claiming the results of research conducted by others. Plagiarism of any kind constitutes unethical behavior and is unacceptable.

Multiple and Simultaneous Publication
In general, an author should not publish more than one article describing the same research. Submitting the same article to more than one journal at the same time is unethical and unacceptable.

Confidentiality
Information obtained in the course of confidential services, such as reviewing manuscripts or grant applications, should not be used without the express written permission of the author of the work involved. Information that can be considered confidential should be included in the process after obtaining the necessary official permissions from all addressees, and its confidentiality should be maintained if the necessary permissions cannot be obtained.

Citation Manipulation
Citations and references are important in any research process and researchers are expected to pay attention to the following behaviors:
• Authors should not over-cite previously published works. Citations included should be relevant, add value to the paper and should not be included simply to increase that author's citation score.
• During the peer review process, you may be referred to papers that the referee believes can further develop and refine your ideas. While there are legitimate reasons for citing other publications, “forced citation” (the inclusion of a reference as a condition of acceptance or without academic justification) is unethical.
In the interest of preserving both author freedom and editorial independence, if you feel pressured to include a specific reference in your article, please contact us at iibfdergisi@sirnak.edu.tr.
• “Citation coercion” is when an author includes redundant or irrelevant references in an attempt to increase the citation score of another specific individual; this often occurs between groups of individuals who aim to increase each other's citation scores. JEAA takes this behavior very seriously and will act in accordance with journal guidelines, including escalating to the author's institution if necessary.

Article Writing
Authorship should be limited to individuals who have made significant contributions to the conceptual background, design, conduct or interpretation of the reported work. All significant contributors should be listed as co-authors.
Authorship issues vary but may include the following headings:
• Ghost authorship - the removal of a contributor from the list of authors.
• Gift/guest authorship-inclusion of someone who did not contribute to the article or chose not to be associated with the research.
• Disagreements about the order of authors and the level of contribution each has made to the paper.
These issues can cloud your work and potentially lead to some authors withdrawing, so it is important to agree on authorship before submitting your paper.
If there are others involved in certain aspects of the article (e.g. language editing, proofreading, etc.), they should be acknowledged in the acknowledgments section.
The corresponding author should ensure that ineligible co-authors are not included and that all eligible co-authors have seen and approved the final version of the article and agree to its submission for publication.
Authors are expected to carefully review the list and order of authors before submitting their manuscript and to provide the final author list at the time of original submission. Only in exceptional circumstances will the editor (at its discretion) consider the addition, deletion or rearrangement of authors after the manuscript has been submitted, and the author must clearly and reasonably justify any such request to the editor. All authors must declare their acceptance of any such addition, deletion or reorganization.
Authors take joint responsibility for the work. Each author is responsible for ensuring that questions regarding the accuracy or completeness of any part of the work are properly investigated and resolved.

Defamation and Slander
Before submitting your work, you must obtain written permission for work related to the organizations or individuals named.
If a submission makes false, unsubstantiated or emotional statements about organizations or individuals, we may ask you to change the text or reject the work before publishing it.
Criticism or review of products and services is acceptable, but comments must be constructive and not malicious.
We advise all authors of case studies to inform the subject (person or organization) and obtain their consent. If we consider that the study is potentially libelous or contains sensitive information, written confirmation will be requested before including the study in the publication process.

Conflict of Interest Statement
All authors are obliged to disclose in their manuscripts any financial and personal relationships with other individuals or organizations that may be perceived to improperly influence their work.
Possible conflicts of interest may include
• A prior relationship between the author and the editor,
• There is a financial or personal interest in the results of the research,
• Undisclosed financial support for research by a relevant third party,
• The existence of a financial or personal interest in concealing the research,
• A pending patent.
All sources of financial support for the conduct of the research and/or preparation of the manuscript and, if applicable, the role of the sponsor(s) in the study design (collection, analysis and interpretation of data; writing of the report; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication) should be described. If the funding source(s) had no such involvement, this should also be indicated.

Reporting Basic Errors
When an author discovers a significant error or inaccuracy in his or her published work, it is the author's obligation to notify the journal editor or publisher immediately and to cooperate with the editor to withdraw or correct the manuscript if deemed necessary by the editor. If the editor or publisher learns from a third party that a published work contains errors, it is the author's obligation to cooperate with the editor, including providing evidence to the editor when requested.

Image Integrity
It is unacceptable to enhance, darken, move, remove or add a specific feature in an image. Adjustments to brightness, contrast or color balance are acceptable as long as they do not obscure or eliminate any information contained in the original document. Manipulating images for greater clarity is acceptable, but manipulation for other purposes may be viewed as scientific ethical misconduct and will be handled accordingly by the journal.
Authors must comply with any specific policies for graphic images implemented by the respective journal, e.g. providing the original images as supplementary material to the manuscript or storing them in an appropriate repository. Authors may be asked to provide research data supporting their article for editorial review and/or to comply with the journal's open data requirements. Authors should be prepared to provide public access to such data, if possible, and to retain such data for a reasonable period after publication. Authors can contact the journal editorial office for further details.

PUBLICATION POLICY
• The Journal of Economics and Administrative Approaches (JEAA) aims to increase the exchange of information among academics, researchers and experts and to contribute to the effective and productive functioning of social, economic, cultural and political systems.
• JEAA publishes scientific studies that have not been published anywhere before and/or have not been evaluated elsewhere.
• JEAAis a free of charge journal and a double-blind peer-review process is applied to the manuscripts submitted to the journal.
• JEAA attaches importance to ethical principles and the studies submitted to the journal are subjected to a plagiarism program. The plagiarism/similarity rate should not exceed 20%. In addition, the rate of plagiarism/similarity in a single source should not exceed 3%. Turnitin and iThenticate programs are taken into consideration for plagiarism/similarity reports.
• JEAA is a free and peer-reviewed journal. The publication language of the journal is Turkish and English.
• JEAA is published twice a year, in June and December.
• Authors agree to transfer their copyrights to our journal under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license when the article is accepted for publication.
• Our journal believes that for open access to work effectively, user rights must be clear through licensing. The works published in our journal are published as open access under the CC-BY-NC-ND license.
• Articles published in our journal are digitally archived in LOCKSS. Articles published in our journal can be accessed free of charge at https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/jeaa/archive.
• No fee is charged for articles submitted to the journal or accepted for publication. In addition, reviewers are paid a review fee.