Research Article
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Loss of Masculinity as a Face of Masculinity Crises Experienced as a Result of Migration

Year 2019, Issue: 60, 171 - 185, 22.10.2019
https://doi.org/10.26650/JECS2019-0035

Abstract

The debates on migration and gender in social sciences are a growing field. In recent years, the relations between migration and masculinities have come to the fore in these debates when the field of critical studies on men and masculinities had begun to discuss migrant men. Although they are in dominant positions in patriarchal relations, men and masculinities can experience crises that may undermine these positions. The notion of “masculinity crises” is used to point out the intense discontent in the gender identities of men. With the development of critical studies on men and masculinities, masculinity crises have begun to be discussed in this field. The founding researchers of this field emphasized that a general crisis of masculinity could not be mentioned, but rather certain groups of men experiencing certain crises of masculinity. In the following years, masculinity crises began to be investigated by focusing on different contexts that lead to the crisis, and different groups that experience crisis. One of the dynamics that lead to masculinity crises is migration. In various studies on migration and masculinity, the tensions that migrant men experience have begun to be considered in recent years, adopting different approaches such as dislocation, disempowerment and bargaining. Focusing on such researches, this article proposes considering the situations that produce the tensions and anxieties, which patriarchal masculinities experience, such as loss of power, status and social legitimacy as a result of migration, as masculinity crises experienced as a loss of masculinity.

References

  • Akis, Y. (2012). Uluslararası zorunlu göç literatüründe toplumsal cinsiyet: Başlıca yaklaşımlar ve eleştiriler. İçinde, Ihlamur-Öner, S. G. ve Şirin
  • Öner N. A. (Der.) Küreselleşme çağında göç: Kavramlar, tartışmalar (ss. 379– 398). İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
  • Bartolomei, M. R. (2010). Migrant male domestic workers in comparative perspective: Four case studies from Italy, India, Ivory Coast, and Congo. Men and Masculinities, 13(1), 87–110. https://doi.org/10.1177/1097184X10382882
  • Bozok, M. (2018). Türkiye’de ataerkillik, kapitalizm ve erkeklik ilişkilerinde biçimlenen babalık. fe dergi, 10(2), 31-42. http://cins.ankara.edu.tr/20_4.pdf
  • Bozok, M. (2009). Feminizmin erkekler cephesindeki yankısı: Erkekler ve erkeklikler üzerine eleştirel incelemeler. Cogito, 58, 269–284.
  • Bozok, M. ve Bozok, N. (2019). The household, the street and the labor market: Masculinities and homosocial solidarity networks of afghan migrant boys in a squatter neighborhood in Istanbul. NORMA: Nordic Journal for Masculinity Studies. 14(2), 96–111. https://doi.org/10.1080/18902138.2018.1519241
  • Castles, S. ve Miller, J. M. (2008). Göçler çağı: Modern dünyada uluslararası göç hareketleri (B. U. Bal ve İ. Akbulut, Çev.). İstanbul: İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • Charsley, K. ve Wray, H. (2015). Introduction: The invisible (migrant) man. Men and Masculinities, 18(4), 403–423.
  • Choi, S. Y. (2018). Masculinity and precarity: Male migrant taxi drivers in South China. Work, Employment and Society, 32(3), 493–508. https://doi.org/10.1177/0950017018755652 .
  • Connell, R. W. (2005). Masculinities. Berkeley: University of California Press. Connell, R. W. (2000). The men and the boys. St Leonards: Allen & Unwin.
  • Connell, R. W. (1998). Toplumsal cinsiyet ve iktidar: Toplum, kişi ve cinsel politika (C. Soydemir, Çev.), İstanbul: Ayrıntı.
  • Donaldson, M., Hibbins, R.; Howson, R. & Pease, B. (Der.) (2009). Migrant men: Critical studies of masculinities and the migration experience. Londra: Routledge.
  • Dostoyevski, F. M. (2015). Karamazov kardeşler (E. Altay, Çev.). İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
  • Freud, S. (2012[1913]). Totem ve tabu (K. Şipal, Çev.). İstanbul: Say Yayınları.
  • Gallo, E. (2006). Italy is not a good place for men: narratives of places, marriage and masculinity among Malayali migrants. Global Networks, 6(4), 357–372.
  • Gallo, E. (2005). Unorthodox sisters: Gender relations and generational change among Malayali migrants in Italy. Indian Journal of Gender Studies, 12, 217–251.
  • Gardiner, J. K. (2005). Men, masculinities and feminist theory. İçinde, M. Kimmel, J. Hearn, ve R. W. Connell, (Der.) Handbook of studies on men and masculinities (ss. 35–50).Thousand Oaks: Sage.
  • Gardiner, J. K. (2002). Introduction. İçinde, Gardiner, J. K. (Der.) Masculinity studies and feminist theory: New directions (ss. 1–30). New York: Columbia University Press.
  • Gilmore, D. D. (1990). Manhood in the making: Cultural concepts of masculinity. New Haven ve Londra: Yale University Press.
  • Goldberg, H. (1996 [1976]). Erkek olmanın tehlikeleri. (S. Budak, Çev.). Ankara: Öteki Yayınevi.
  • Gough, B. (2018). Contemporary masculinities: Embodiment, emotion and wellbeing. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Gough, B., Hall, M. ve Seymour-Smith, S. (2014). Straight guys do wear make-up: Contemporary masculinities and investment in appearance. İçinde, Roberts, S. (Der.) Debating modern masculinities: Change, continuity, crisis? (ss. 106–124). Londra: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Gutmann, M. C. (1997). Trafficking in men: the anthropology of masculinity. Annual Review of Anthropology, 26, 385–409.
  • Güney, Ü. ve Konak, N. (2016). Bolu’da Suriyeli ve Iraklı sığınmacılar: Milliyetçilik, erillik ve vatandaşlık temelinde öteki algısı. Alternatif Politika, 8(3), 505–535.
  • Haile, A. G. ve Siegmann K. A. (2014). Masculinity at work: Intersectionality and identity constructions of migrant domestic workers in the Netherlands. İçinde, Truong TD., Gasper, D., Handmaker J. ve Bergh, S. (Der.) Migration, gender and social justice (ss. 105–119). Berlin: Springer.
  • Hearn, J. (2008). The personal is work is political is theoretical: continuities and discontinuities in women’s studies, (pro)feminism, “men” and my selves. NORA - Nordic Journal of Feminist and Gender Research, 16(4), 241–256.
  • Hearn, J. (2004). From hegemonic masculinity to the hegemony of men. Feminist Theory, 5(1), 49–72.
  • Hearn, J. (1999). A crisis in masculinity or new agendas for men? İçinde, Walby, S. (Der.) New agendas for women (ss. 148–168). Londra: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Hibbins, R. ve Pease, B. (2009). Men and masculinities on the move. İçinde, Donaldson, M., Hibbins, R.; Howson, R. & Pease, B. (Der.) Migrant men: Critical studies of masculinities and the migration experience (ss. 1–19). Londra: Routledge.
  • Hidaka, T. (2010). Salaryman Masculinity: The continuity of and change in the hegemonic masculinity in Japan. Leiden: Brill.
  • Hondagneu-Sotelo, P. ve Cranford, C. (2006). Gender and migration. İçinde, J. S. Chafetz (Der.) Handbook of the sociology of gender (ss. 105–126). New York: Springer.
  • Horrocks, R. (1994). Masculinity in crisis: myths, fantasies, and realities. Londra: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Jaji, R. (2009). Masculinity on unstable ground: Young refugee men in Nairobi, Kenya. Journal of Refugee Studies, 22(2), 177–94.
  • Lam T. ve Yeoh, B. S. A. (2018). Migrant mothers, left-behind fathers: the negotiation of gender subjectivities in Indonesia and the Philippines. Gender, Place & Culture, 25(1), 104–117. http://dx.doi. org/10.1080/0966369X.2016.1249349
  • Locke C. (2017). Do Male Migrants ‘Care’? How Migration is Reshaping the Gender Ethics of Care. Ethics and Social Welfare, 11(3), 277–295.
  • Lutz, H. (2010). Gender in the migratory process. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 36(10), 1647–1663.
  • Mishra, P. (17.3.2018). The crisis in modern masculinity. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/ mar/17/the-crisis-in-modern-masculinity
  • Mishra, P. (2017). Age of anger. New York: Farrar, Stroux and Giroux.
  • Näre, L. (2010). Sri Lankan men working as cleaners and carers: Negotiating masculinity in Naples. Men and Masculinities, 13(1), 65–86.
  • Pease, B. (2009). Immigrant men and domestic life: Renegotiating the patriarchal bargain. İçinde, Donaldson, M., Hibbins, R.; Howson, R. & Pease, B. (Der.) Migrant men: Critical studies of masculinities and the migration experience (ss. 79–95). Londra: Routledge.
  • Pleck, J. (1981). The myth of masculinity. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  • Ryalls, E. (2013). Emo angst, masochism, and masculinity in crisis. Text and Performance Quarterly, 33(2), 83–97.
  • Sancar, S. (2009). Erkeklik: İmkânsız iktidar – Ailede, piyasada ve sokakta erkekler. İstanbul: Metis Yayınları.
  • Sarti, R. (2010). Fighting for masculinity: Male domestic workers, gender, and migration in Italy from the late nineteenth century to the present. Men and Masculinities, 13(1), 16–43.
  • Scrinzi, F. (2010). Masculinities and the international division of care: migrant male domestic workers in Italy and France. Men and Masculinities, 13(1), 44–64. https://doi.org/10.1177/1097184X10382880
  • Segal, L. (2007). Slow motion: Changing masculinities, changing men. Londra: Palgrave Macmillan
  • Segal, L. (2006). Men at bay: The contemporary crisis of masculinity. İçinde, Whitehead, S. M. (Der.) Men and masculinites: Critical concepts in sociology (ss. 272–281). Londra: Routledge.
  • Showalter. E. (1990). Sexual anarchy: Gender and culture at the fin de siecle. New York: Viking.
  • Sinatti, G. (2014). Masculinities and intersectionality in migration: Transnational Wolof migrants negotiating manhood and gendered family roles. İçinde, Truong TD., Gasper, D., Handmaker J. ve Bergh, S. (Der.) Migration, gender and social justice (ss. 215–226). Berlin: Springer.
  • Türkoğlu, B. (2013). Fay hattında erkeklikler: Çalışma ve işsizlik ekseninde erkekliğe bakış. Mülkiye Dergisi, 37(4), 33–61.
  • Whitehead, S. M. (2007). Men and masculinities: Key themes and directions. Cambridge: Polity Press.
  • Wojnicka K. ve Pustułka P. (2017). Migrant men in the nexus of space and (dis)empowerment. NORMA: Nordic Journal for Masculinity Studies. 12(2), 89–95.
  • Yüksel, E. (2013). 2000’ler Türkiye sinemasında erkeklik krizi ve erkek kimliğinin inşası. (Doktora Tezi). Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.

Göç Sonucu Yaşanan Erkeklik Krizlerinin Bir Yüzü Olarak Erkekliğin Kaybı

Year 2019, Issue: 60, 171 - 185, 22.10.2019
https://doi.org/10.26650/JECS2019-0035

Abstract

Sosyal bilimlerde göç ve toplumsal cinsiyet üzerine tartışmalar, giderek gelişen bir tartışma alandır. Göç ve erkeklikler arasındaki ilişkiler, erkekler ve erkeklikler üzerine eleştirel incelemeler alanının son yıllarda göçmen erkekleri de tartışmaya başlamasıyla son yıllarda gündeme gelmiştir. Ataerkil ilişkilerin hakimi konumunda olsalar da, erkekler ve erkeklikler bu konumlarını sarsıntıya uğratabilecek krizler yaşayabilirler. “Erkeklik krizleri” fikri, erkeklerin cinsiyet kimlikleriyle ilgili yaşadıkları yoğun kaygılara işaret etmek için kullanılmaktadır. Bu konu erkekler ve erkeklikler üzerine eleştirel incelemelerin başlangıcıyla birlikte bu alanda da tartışılmaya başlanmıştır. Alanın kurucu araştırmacıları genel bir erkeklik krizinin yaşandığından söz edilemeyeceğini, ancak belirli, gruplardan erkeklerin erkeklik krizi yaşadığının altını çizmişlerdir. İzleyen süreçte erkeklik krizleri, krize yol açan farklı bağlamlara ve kriz yaşayan farklı gruplara odaklanılarak ele alınmıştır. Erkeklik krizlerine yol açan dinamiklerden biri de göçtür. Göç ve erkeklikler üzerine çeşitli çalışmalarda, son yıllarda göçmen erkeklerin gittikleri farklı kültürlerde yaşadıkları gerilimler, güçsüzleşme, bağlamından kopma, pazarlık yapma gibi farklı yaklaşımlarla ele alınmaya başlanmıştır. Bu makale, sözkonusu çalışmalara odaklanarak, ataerkil erkekliklerin göçle birlikte iktidar, statü ve toplumsal meşruiyet kaybı gibi gerilimler ve kaygılar yaşadıkları durumları erkekliğin kaybı olarak yaşanan erkeklik krizleri olarak değerlendirmeyi önermektedir. 

References

  • Akis, Y. (2012). Uluslararası zorunlu göç literatüründe toplumsal cinsiyet: Başlıca yaklaşımlar ve eleştiriler. İçinde, Ihlamur-Öner, S. G. ve Şirin
  • Öner N. A. (Der.) Küreselleşme çağında göç: Kavramlar, tartışmalar (ss. 379– 398). İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
  • Bartolomei, M. R. (2010). Migrant male domestic workers in comparative perspective: Four case studies from Italy, India, Ivory Coast, and Congo. Men and Masculinities, 13(1), 87–110. https://doi.org/10.1177/1097184X10382882
  • Bozok, M. (2018). Türkiye’de ataerkillik, kapitalizm ve erkeklik ilişkilerinde biçimlenen babalık. fe dergi, 10(2), 31-42. http://cins.ankara.edu.tr/20_4.pdf
  • Bozok, M. (2009). Feminizmin erkekler cephesindeki yankısı: Erkekler ve erkeklikler üzerine eleştirel incelemeler. Cogito, 58, 269–284.
  • Bozok, M. ve Bozok, N. (2019). The household, the street and the labor market: Masculinities and homosocial solidarity networks of afghan migrant boys in a squatter neighborhood in Istanbul. NORMA: Nordic Journal for Masculinity Studies. 14(2), 96–111. https://doi.org/10.1080/18902138.2018.1519241
  • Castles, S. ve Miller, J. M. (2008). Göçler çağı: Modern dünyada uluslararası göç hareketleri (B. U. Bal ve İ. Akbulut, Çev.). İstanbul: İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • Charsley, K. ve Wray, H. (2015). Introduction: The invisible (migrant) man. Men and Masculinities, 18(4), 403–423.
  • Choi, S. Y. (2018). Masculinity and precarity: Male migrant taxi drivers in South China. Work, Employment and Society, 32(3), 493–508. https://doi.org/10.1177/0950017018755652 .
  • Connell, R. W. (2005). Masculinities. Berkeley: University of California Press. Connell, R. W. (2000). The men and the boys. St Leonards: Allen & Unwin.
  • Connell, R. W. (1998). Toplumsal cinsiyet ve iktidar: Toplum, kişi ve cinsel politika (C. Soydemir, Çev.), İstanbul: Ayrıntı.
  • Donaldson, M., Hibbins, R.; Howson, R. & Pease, B. (Der.) (2009). Migrant men: Critical studies of masculinities and the migration experience. Londra: Routledge.
  • Dostoyevski, F. M. (2015). Karamazov kardeşler (E. Altay, Çev.). İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
  • Freud, S. (2012[1913]). Totem ve tabu (K. Şipal, Çev.). İstanbul: Say Yayınları.
  • Gallo, E. (2006). Italy is not a good place for men: narratives of places, marriage and masculinity among Malayali migrants. Global Networks, 6(4), 357–372.
  • Gallo, E. (2005). Unorthodox sisters: Gender relations and generational change among Malayali migrants in Italy. Indian Journal of Gender Studies, 12, 217–251.
  • Gardiner, J. K. (2005). Men, masculinities and feminist theory. İçinde, M. Kimmel, J. Hearn, ve R. W. Connell, (Der.) Handbook of studies on men and masculinities (ss. 35–50).Thousand Oaks: Sage.
  • Gardiner, J. K. (2002). Introduction. İçinde, Gardiner, J. K. (Der.) Masculinity studies and feminist theory: New directions (ss. 1–30). New York: Columbia University Press.
  • Gilmore, D. D. (1990). Manhood in the making: Cultural concepts of masculinity. New Haven ve Londra: Yale University Press.
  • Goldberg, H. (1996 [1976]). Erkek olmanın tehlikeleri. (S. Budak, Çev.). Ankara: Öteki Yayınevi.
  • Gough, B. (2018). Contemporary masculinities: Embodiment, emotion and wellbeing. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Gough, B., Hall, M. ve Seymour-Smith, S. (2014). Straight guys do wear make-up: Contemporary masculinities and investment in appearance. İçinde, Roberts, S. (Der.) Debating modern masculinities: Change, continuity, crisis? (ss. 106–124). Londra: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Gutmann, M. C. (1997). Trafficking in men: the anthropology of masculinity. Annual Review of Anthropology, 26, 385–409.
  • Güney, Ü. ve Konak, N. (2016). Bolu’da Suriyeli ve Iraklı sığınmacılar: Milliyetçilik, erillik ve vatandaşlık temelinde öteki algısı. Alternatif Politika, 8(3), 505–535.
  • Haile, A. G. ve Siegmann K. A. (2014). Masculinity at work: Intersectionality and identity constructions of migrant domestic workers in the Netherlands. İçinde, Truong TD., Gasper, D., Handmaker J. ve Bergh, S. (Der.) Migration, gender and social justice (ss. 105–119). Berlin: Springer.
  • Hearn, J. (2008). The personal is work is political is theoretical: continuities and discontinuities in women’s studies, (pro)feminism, “men” and my selves. NORA - Nordic Journal of Feminist and Gender Research, 16(4), 241–256.
  • Hearn, J. (2004). From hegemonic masculinity to the hegemony of men. Feminist Theory, 5(1), 49–72.
  • Hearn, J. (1999). A crisis in masculinity or new agendas for men? İçinde, Walby, S. (Der.) New agendas for women (ss. 148–168). Londra: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Hibbins, R. ve Pease, B. (2009). Men and masculinities on the move. İçinde, Donaldson, M., Hibbins, R.; Howson, R. & Pease, B. (Der.) Migrant men: Critical studies of masculinities and the migration experience (ss. 1–19). Londra: Routledge.
  • Hidaka, T. (2010). Salaryman Masculinity: The continuity of and change in the hegemonic masculinity in Japan. Leiden: Brill.
  • Hondagneu-Sotelo, P. ve Cranford, C. (2006). Gender and migration. İçinde, J. S. Chafetz (Der.) Handbook of the sociology of gender (ss. 105–126). New York: Springer.
  • Horrocks, R. (1994). Masculinity in crisis: myths, fantasies, and realities. Londra: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Jaji, R. (2009). Masculinity on unstable ground: Young refugee men in Nairobi, Kenya. Journal of Refugee Studies, 22(2), 177–94.
  • Lam T. ve Yeoh, B. S. A. (2018). Migrant mothers, left-behind fathers: the negotiation of gender subjectivities in Indonesia and the Philippines. Gender, Place & Culture, 25(1), 104–117. http://dx.doi. org/10.1080/0966369X.2016.1249349
  • Locke C. (2017). Do Male Migrants ‘Care’? How Migration is Reshaping the Gender Ethics of Care. Ethics and Social Welfare, 11(3), 277–295.
  • Lutz, H. (2010). Gender in the migratory process. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 36(10), 1647–1663.
  • Mishra, P. (17.3.2018). The crisis in modern masculinity. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/ mar/17/the-crisis-in-modern-masculinity
  • Mishra, P. (2017). Age of anger. New York: Farrar, Stroux and Giroux.
  • Näre, L. (2010). Sri Lankan men working as cleaners and carers: Negotiating masculinity in Naples. Men and Masculinities, 13(1), 65–86.
  • Pease, B. (2009). Immigrant men and domestic life: Renegotiating the patriarchal bargain. İçinde, Donaldson, M., Hibbins, R.; Howson, R. & Pease, B. (Der.) Migrant men: Critical studies of masculinities and the migration experience (ss. 79–95). Londra: Routledge.
  • Pleck, J. (1981). The myth of masculinity. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  • Ryalls, E. (2013). Emo angst, masochism, and masculinity in crisis. Text and Performance Quarterly, 33(2), 83–97.
  • Sancar, S. (2009). Erkeklik: İmkânsız iktidar – Ailede, piyasada ve sokakta erkekler. İstanbul: Metis Yayınları.
  • Sarti, R. (2010). Fighting for masculinity: Male domestic workers, gender, and migration in Italy from the late nineteenth century to the present. Men and Masculinities, 13(1), 16–43.
  • Scrinzi, F. (2010). Masculinities and the international division of care: migrant male domestic workers in Italy and France. Men and Masculinities, 13(1), 44–64. https://doi.org/10.1177/1097184X10382880
  • Segal, L. (2007). Slow motion: Changing masculinities, changing men. Londra: Palgrave Macmillan
  • Segal, L. (2006). Men at bay: The contemporary crisis of masculinity. İçinde, Whitehead, S. M. (Der.) Men and masculinites: Critical concepts in sociology (ss. 272–281). Londra: Routledge.
  • Showalter. E. (1990). Sexual anarchy: Gender and culture at the fin de siecle. New York: Viking.
  • Sinatti, G. (2014). Masculinities and intersectionality in migration: Transnational Wolof migrants negotiating manhood and gendered family roles. İçinde, Truong TD., Gasper, D., Handmaker J. ve Bergh, S. (Der.) Migration, gender and social justice (ss. 215–226). Berlin: Springer.
  • Türkoğlu, B. (2013). Fay hattında erkeklikler: Çalışma ve işsizlik ekseninde erkekliğe bakış. Mülkiye Dergisi, 37(4), 33–61.
  • Whitehead, S. M. (2007). Men and masculinities: Key themes and directions. Cambridge: Polity Press.
  • Wojnicka K. ve Pustułka P. (2017). Migrant men in the nexus of space and (dis)empowerment. NORMA: Nordic Journal for Masculinity Studies. 12(2), 89–95.
  • Yüksel, E. (2013). 2000’ler Türkiye sinemasında erkeklik krizi ve erkek kimliğinin inşası. (Doktora Tezi). Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
There are 53 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Sociology
Journal Section Theoretical Article
Authors

Mehmet Bozok 0000-0002-9841-6324

Publication Date October 22, 2019
Submission Date April 7, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Issue: 60

Cite

APA Bozok, M. (2019). Göç Sonucu Yaşanan Erkeklik Krizlerinin Bir Yüzü Olarak Erkekliğin Kaybı. Journal of Economy Culture and Society(60), 171-185. https://doi.org/10.26650/JECS2019-0035
AMA Bozok M. Göç Sonucu Yaşanan Erkeklik Krizlerinin Bir Yüzü Olarak Erkekliğin Kaybı. Journal of Economy Culture and Society. October 2019;(60):171-185. doi:10.26650/JECS2019-0035
Chicago Bozok, Mehmet. “Göç Sonucu Yaşanan Erkeklik Krizlerinin Bir Yüzü Olarak Erkekliğin Kaybı”. Journal of Economy Culture and Society, no. 60 (October 2019): 171-85. https://doi.org/10.26650/JECS2019-0035.
EndNote Bozok M (October 1, 2019) Göç Sonucu Yaşanan Erkeklik Krizlerinin Bir Yüzü Olarak Erkekliğin Kaybı. Journal of Economy Culture and Society 60 171–185.
IEEE M. Bozok, “Göç Sonucu Yaşanan Erkeklik Krizlerinin Bir Yüzü Olarak Erkekliğin Kaybı”, Journal of Economy Culture and Society, no. 60, pp. 171–185, October 2019, doi: 10.26650/JECS2019-0035.
ISNAD Bozok, Mehmet. “Göç Sonucu Yaşanan Erkeklik Krizlerinin Bir Yüzü Olarak Erkekliğin Kaybı”. Journal of Economy Culture and Society 60 (October 2019), 171-185. https://doi.org/10.26650/JECS2019-0035.
JAMA Bozok M. Göç Sonucu Yaşanan Erkeklik Krizlerinin Bir Yüzü Olarak Erkekliğin Kaybı. Journal of Economy Culture and Society. 2019;:171–185.
MLA Bozok, Mehmet. “Göç Sonucu Yaşanan Erkeklik Krizlerinin Bir Yüzü Olarak Erkekliğin Kaybı”. Journal of Economy Culture and Society, no. 60, 2019, pp. 171-85, doi:10.26650/JECS2019-0035.
Vancouver Bozok M. Göç Sonucu Yaşanan Erkeklik Krizlerinin Bir Yüzü Olarak Erkekliğin Kaybı. Journal of Economy Culture and Society. 2019(60):171-85.