Research Article

Comparison of Traditional and Cash Flow Ratios in Measuring Liquidity and Solvency Performance in Football Clubs: An International Analysis

Volume: 8 Number: 1 June 30, 2026
TR EN

Comparison of Traditional and Cash Flow Ratios in Measuring Liquidity and Solvency Performance in Football Clubs: An International Analysis

Abstract

This study examines the financial data of 17 football clubs from nine national leagues under the Union of European Football Associations for 2018-2024, analysing liquidity and solvency through traditional ratios and cash flow-based ratios. Descriptive statistics and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test were employed to compare findings. The analysis indicates weak liquidity performance in both ratio groups, with traditional ratios presenting more optimistic outcomes than cash flow-based ratios. For solvency, the total assets to total debt ratio showed less unfavourable results than the cash flow to debt ratio, while the cash flow-interest coverage ratio outperformed the interest coverage ratio. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test confirmed statistically significant differences between traditional and cash flow-based ratios.

Keywords

Ethical Statement

This study did not require ethics committee approval and/or any legal or special permission. The principles of research and publication ethics were fully complied with.

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Finance

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

June 30, 2026

Submission Date

October 30, 2025

Acceptance Date

December 7, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 8 Number: 1

APA
Karadeniz, E., & İskenderoğlu, Ö. (2026). Comparison of Traditional and Cash Flow Ratios in Measuring Liquidity and Solvency Performance in Football Clubs: An International Analysis. Ekonomi Ve Finansal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 8(1), 1-27. https://doi.org/10.56668/jefr.1813465
AMA
1.Karadeniz E, İskenderoğlu Ö. Comparison of Traditional and Cash Flow Ratios in Measuring Liquidity and Solvency Performance in Football Clubs: An International Analysis. JEFR Journal. 2026;8(1):1-27. doi:10.56668/jefr.1813465
Chicago
Karadeniz, Erdinç, and Ömer İskenderoğlu. 2026. “Comparison of Traditional and Cash Flow Ratios in Measuring Liquidity and Solvency Performance in Football Clubs: An International Analysis”. Ekonomi Ve Finansal Araştırmalar Dergisi 8 (1): 1-27. https://doi.org/10.56668/jefr.1813465.
EndNote
Karadeniz E, İskenderoğlu Ö (June 1, 2026) Comparison of Traditional and Cash Flow Ratios in Measuring Liquidity and Solvency Performance in Football Clubs: An International Analysis. Ekonomi ve Finansal Araştırmalar Dergisi 8 1 1–27.
IEEE
[1]E. Karadeniz and Ö. İskenderoğlu, “Comparison of Traditional and Cash Flow Ratios in Measuring Liquidity and Solvency Performance in Football Clubs: An International Analysis”, JEFR Journal, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 1–27, June 2026, doi: 10.56668/jefr.1813465.
ISNAD
Karadeniz, Erdinç - İskenderoğlu, Ömer. “Comparison of Traditional and Cash Flow Ratios in Measuring Liquidity and Solvency Performance in Football Clubs: An International Analysis”. Ekonomi ve Finansal Araştırmalar Dergisi 8/1 (June 1, 2026): 1-27. https://doi.org/10.56668/jefr.1813465.
JAMA
1.Karadeniz E, İskenderoğlu Ö. Comparison of Traditional and Cash Flow Ratios in Measuring Liquidity and Solvency Performance in Football Clubs: An International Analysis. JEFR Journal. 2026;8:1–27.
MLA
Karadeniz, Erdinç, and Ömer İskenderoğlu. “Comparison of Traditional and Cash Flow Ratios in Measuring Liquidity and Solvency Performance in Football Clubs: An International Analysis”. Ekonomi Ve Finansal Araştırmalar Dergisi, vol. 8, no. 1, June 2026, pp. 1-27, doi:10.56668/jefr.1813465.
Vancouver
1.Erdinç Karadeniz, Ömer İskenderoğlu. Comparison of Traditional and Cash Flow Ratios in Measuring Liquidity and Solvency Performance in Football Clubs: An International Analysis. JEFR Journal. 2026 Jun. 1;8(1):1-27. doi:10.56668/jefr.1813465