Plant Extract-Mediated Titanium Nanoparticles Using Nigella Sativa Extract and Titanium (IV) Dioxide Precursor: Cytotoxic Activity, Wound Healing Activity and Antibacterial Effect

Abstract

Nanoparticles synthesized through biological processes are utilized in cancer treatment, drug delivery systems, nanosensors, photoimaging, cosmetics, and medical applications. Extracts from Nigella sativa seeds have been traditionally used for centuries to treat numerous diseases. Current studies focus on the antidiabetic, anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antiulcer, immune-enhancing, and hypoglycemic effects of these seeds. In this study, it was aimed to synthesize titanium nanoparticles by green synthesis method using N. sativa seeds and to investigate the effects of these nanoparticles on cytotoxicity, antibacterial, and wound healing activity. N. sativa seeds were extracted with distilled water and titanium nanoparticles were synthesized using titanium (IV) dioxide precursor. UV-VIS, SEM-EDX, FTIR, and XRD were used to characterize the nanoparticles. Then, the cytotoxic effects of the nanoparticles on HT-29 cells and wound healing effects on BJ and Caco-2 cells were investigated. Also, antibacterial activities were tested using Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The cytotoxicity analysis demonstrated that cell viability decreased in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The lowest IC50 value was obtained at 72 hours with a value of 61.10±3.33 µg/mL. In the scratch assay, it was determined that 2.5 and 5 µg/mL titanium nanoparticle application showed no positive effect on wound healing. The MIC value for both bacteria was calculated as 0.125 mg/mL, and the inhibition zone diameters were measured as 10.81 mm against E. coli and 10.52 mm against S. aureus bacteria. This study has shown that titanium nanoparticles produced using N. sativa have potential for use in health and biomedical fields.

Keywords

• Nigella sativa
• TiO2-NP
• cytotoxicity
• wound healing
• antibacterial

Nigella Sativa Ekstraktı ve Titanyum (IV) Dioksit Prekürsörü Kullanılarak Biyomühendislikle Üretilmiş Titanyum Nanopartiküller: Sitotoksik Aktivite, Yara İyileştirme Özelliği ve Antibakteriyel Etki

Abstract

Biyolojik süreçlerle sentezlenen nanopartiküller kanser tedavisi, ilaç dağıtım sistemleri, nanosensörler, foto görüntüleme, kozmetik ve tıbbi uygulamalarda kullanılmaktadır. Nigella sativa tohumlarından elde edilen ekstraktlar geleneksel olarak yüzyıllardır çok sayıda hastalığın tedavisinde kullanılmaktadır. Güncel çalışmalar bu tohumların antidiyabetik, antikanser, antibakteriyel, antifungal, anti-inflamatuar, antiülser, bağışıklık arttırıcı ve hipoglisemik etkilerine odaklanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, N. sativa tohumları kullanılarak yeşil sentez yöntemiyle titanyum nanopartiküllerin sentezlenmesi ve bu nanopartiküllerin sitotoksisite, yara iyileşmesi ve antibakteriyel aktivite üzerindeki etkilerinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. N. sativa tohumları distile su ile ekstrakte edilmiş ve titanyum (IV) dioksit prekürsörü kullanılarak titanyum nanopartiküller sentezlenmiştir. Bu nanopartiküller UV-VIS, SEM-EDX, FTIR ve XRD kullanılarak karakterize edilmiştir. Ardından, nanopartiküllerin HT-29 kolon kanseri hücreleri üzerindeki sitotoksik etkileri ve BJ dermal fibroblast hücreleri ve Caco-2 kolon kanseri hücreleri üzerindeki yara iyileştirici etkileri araştırılmıştır. Ayrıca, antibakteriyel aktiviteler Escherichia coli ve Staphylococcus aureus kullanılarak test edilmiştir. Sitotoksisite analizi, hücre canlılığının zamana ve doza bağlı olarak azaldığını göstermiştir. En etkili IC50 değeri 61.10±3.33 µg/mL değeri ile 72. saatte elde edilmiştir. 2.5 ve 5 µg/mL titanyum nanopartikül uygulamasının yara iyileşmesi üzerinde herhangi bir etki göstermediği belirlenmiştir. Her iki bakteri için MIC değeri 0.125 mg/mL olarak hesaplanmış ve inhibisyon zon çapları E. coli bakterisine karşı 10.81 mm, S. aureus bakterisine karşı ise 10.52 mm olarak ölçülmüştür. Bu çalışma, N. sativa kullanılarak üretilen titanyum nanopartiküllerin sağlık ve biyomedikal alanlarda kullanım potansiyeline sahip olduğunu göstermiştir.

Keywords

• Nigella sativa
• TiO2-NP
• sitotoksisite
• yara iyileşme
• antibakteriyel

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