Determination of Major Problems of Raw Hide and Soaking Process in Leather Industry

Abstract

Hide quality is adversely affected during salt-curing and soaking processes especially due to bacterial activities of microorganisms. These organisms may cause irreversible grain damage, pinpricks, disruption of collagen fibers, uneven dyeing that cannot be recovered by leather production process. To determine major problems on salted and soaked skins/hides, a questionnaire study was applied to leather technicians in Istanbul Organized Leather Industrial Zone, Turkey in both 2009 and 2018. While most tanneries were processing hides/skins imported from foreign countries in 2009, local cattle hides are processed in 2018. Conventional salt curing method has been applied in warehouses. The most striking point is that the salt was applied randomly during preservation. Although tanneries do not store rawhide more than one month, there is no information about how long they store in warehouses. The tanneries reported red spots, unpleasant odor, hair slip, loss of elasticity, holes in grain surface, bacterial and fungal growth on skin/hides. Leather-making processes are performed at ambient temperature of tanneries. No difference was observed in application of soaking process in both 2009 and 2018 surveys. This questionnaire study showed that most of problems were related with microbial damage and bloodstain, burns due to manure and flaying mistakes at slaughterhouses

Keywords

• skins
• hides
• leather
• questionnaire

Determination of Major Problems of Raw Hide and Soaking Process in Leather Industry

Abstract

Derinin kalitesi, özellikle mikroorganizmaların bakteriyel aktivitelerinden dolayı tuzla kürleme ve ıslatma işlemlerinde olumsuz etkilenmektedir. Bu organizmalar çoğunlukla sonraki deri işlenti safhalarında düzeltilemeyen geri dönüşümsüz sırça hasarına, sırça yüzeyinde küçük deliklere, kollajen liflerinin bozulmasına, düzensiz boyamaya neden olabilmektedir. Tuzlanmış ve ıslatılmış küçükbaş ve büyükbaş derilerindeki önemli problemleri belirlemek için, hem 2009 hem de 2018’de İstanbul Organize Deri Sanayi Bölgesi’ndeki deri teknisyenlerine anket uygulanmıştır. Tabakhanelerin 2009 yılında yabancı ülkelerden ithal edilen derileri/postları işlediği, 2018’de ise yerli sığır derilerinin işlendiği saptanmıştır. Ham deri depolarında geleneksel tuzlama yöntemi uygulandığı belirlenmiştir. En dikkat çeken nokta ise, ham derilerin muhafazası sırasında tuzun rastgele uygulanmasıdır. Tabakhaneler ham deriyi bir aydan fazla depolamamasına rağmen, ham deri depolarında ne kadar süre depolandıkları hakkında bilgi yoktur. Tabakhaneler deride kırmızı leke, kötü koku, kıl gevşemesi, elastikiyet kaybı, sırça yüzeyindeki delik, bakteri ve mantar oluşumu bildirmiştir. Deri işlenti basamakları, tabakhanelerin ortam sıcaklığında gerçekleştirilmektedir. Hem 2009 hem de 2018 yıllarında yapılan anketlerde ıslatma işleminin uygulanmasında bir fark gözlenmemiştir. Bu anket çalışması, dericilikte karşılaşılan problemlerin çoğunun mikrobiyal hasar, kan lekesi, gübre yanığı ve mezbahalarda yapılan hatalar ile ilişkili olduğunu göstermiştir

Keywords

• küçük baş hayvan derileri
• büyük baş hayvan derileri
• işlenmiş deri
• anket

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