Volume: 3 Issue: 2 , 9/30/22

Year: 2022

Research Article

  • Journal of Economics and Research (JER) covers current academic issues in the fields of Economics and Administrative Sciences. By publishing studies that are promising in the development of current academic issues, JER considers both bringing researchers who are interested in the same subject together and contributing to these issues as the main goal.

  • The fields that Journal of Economics and Research (JER) would consider for publishing are:
    – Economics
    – Business
    – Finance
    – Public Finance
    – Econometrics
    – Public Management and Political Science
    – International Relations
    – Labor Economics and Industrial Relations
  • Journal of Economics and Research (JER) is open for submissions at academic level not only from academicians but also from students, researchers and practioners who work at private companies and professional institutions.

JER WRITING RULES AND PAPER TEMPLATE

1) The whole paper should be typed in Times New Roman font.
2) The title of the paper should be in Times New Roman, 14 font size, Bold, centered and all letters should be capitalized.
3) Names of the author(s) should be placed after the title with 1 ENTER gap (12 font size gap), aligned right, in Times New Roman font, font size 12, Bold, italic. The last name of the author(s) should be capitalized and only the initial letter of the name should be capitalized, all other letters should be in lowercase. If there is more than 1 author, each additional author’s name should be on a new line. Each author should have a superscript number (as a footnote reference). In the footnote should be the title of the author, University (institution), e-mail, ORCID iD information in Times New Roman font with font size 8.
4) Before the main text, title in Turkish and Öz (abstract) in Turkish, followed by the title in English and Abstract in English should be placed. Abstracts in Turkish and English, each, should have between 100-200 words. Abstracts should be in Times New Roman font with font size 10. If the language of the paper is other than Turkish, the Turkish abstract should be placed after the abstract in the language of the paper.
5) Papers should be typed by using Word 97-2003, on A4 paper size, with margins 2.5 cm from right, 3 cm from left, 2 cm from top and 2.3 cm from bottom, single-line spacing, justified, paragraphs are separated 6 pt before and after, should not exceed 20 pages.
6) There should not be more than one space between words, punctuation marks should be placed right after the word that is preceding them. There should be one space right after punctuation marks. The first line of each paragraph of text should be 1 cm indented from the left margin. There should not be any line jump between paragraphs.
7) “INTRODUCTION,” “CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION,” and “REFERENCES” headings should not be numbered, all letters should be capital, aligned left and bold.
8) Section headings: Main headings should be justified, all capitalized, bold and 12 font size.
9) Subheadings: Subheadings should be bold, left aligned, only first letters capitalized. After the subheading, there should be a new paragraph beginning.
10) Figures, tables and photos should be within margins and, if necessary, each should be placed on a separate page. Title of each should be typed in Times New Roman font with font size 12, bold, numbered (e.g., Table 1.), and named in Turkish or English, depending on the context. Numbers and titles should be placed above tables and below figures. Only the first letters of the title should be capitalized. If necessary, captions and abbreviations should be placed right below the figures, tables and photos with font size 8. The text size within the table or figure should be 10. In addition, references to tables and figures should be below them with font size 8.
11) References:
• In-text references should be placed right after the related texts, in parenthesis; last name of the author, publication year and page number should be given respectively (e.g., Smith, 2001: 28).
• In the case of more than one in-text reference, references should be in the same parenthesis, listed according to the alphabetic order, separated from each other by semi column (e.i., Smith, 2001: 120; Johns, 2018: 74).
• In the case of references with two authors, the word “and” should be placed between last names (e.i., Smith and Johns, 2008: 74); with more than two authors, “et al.” should come right after the last name of the first author (Smith et al., 2001: 425). If the name of the author is mentioned within the text, the year and page number in a parenthesis should be given (e.i., (1990:28)). Two references published by the same author in the same year may be shown by adding a letter next to right of the publication year (e.i., (Smith, 2003a: 25), (Smith, 2003b: 58).
• For an in-text reference that cannot be accessible, the reference that cites this inaccessible reference should be placed in the parenthesis, as well (e.g., Smith, 1911: 75, as cited in Johns, 1998: 25)
• To reference a hand-written (ancient, classical) work in the text, the abbreviation “hw” should come right after the name of the author or translator in a parenthesis and sheet number should be included. The full reference should be placed in the list of references (e.i., Ahmedî, [hw] 1410: 7b).
• To reference an archival document, in text citation should be in the format of the following: (BCA, Mühimme 15: 25). The full citation should be in the reference list.
• Direct quotations should be cited with quotation mark and the source should be given in parenthesis at the end. Direct quotations with fewer than or equal to 5 lines should be within the same paragraph and italic. Direct quotations with more than 5 lines should be placed in a free-standing block, on a new line, 1 cm indented from the left margin and italic. For indirect quotations, at the end of the indirect quotation, the source may be placed in a parenthesis.
• All the references cited in the text should be in the list of references at the end. Those references that are not cited in the text, regardless of their reference quality, should not be placed in the list of references. The list of references should be after the main text and listed according to the last names of authors. For those references that goes back to before the last name law was enacted, they are listed according to the names of the authors.
• The indentation for the list of references should be in the form of “hanging” by 1 cm.
ALL THE REFERENCES SHOULD BE IN APA (American Psychological Association) FORMAT.

Important note: You may download the paper template HERE. Uploading your paper according to the template is the prerequisite for the peer-review process to start.   

  • Names and e-mail addresses on the Journal of Economics and Research site will be used only for the stated purposes of the Journal of Economics and Research; They will not be made available for any other purpose or for the use of other persons. The author(s) are obliged to fill in, sign and send the Copyright Agreement, which is located in the Author's Guide section, to the Journal of Economics and Research. The similarity rate in the submitted papers should not exceed 20% according to the iThenticate program report.
  • JER is published twice a year (April and September) and does not charge authors any fees.
  • Papers that are submitted are subject to peer-review process. JER applies double-blind peer-review system. This way, neither party sees each other's identity. The article evaluation process is concluded between 1-5 months.
  • Ethics Committee Approval must be obtained for research conducted in all disciplines, including Social Sciences, and for clinical and experimental studies on humans and ani must be obtained for research conducted in all disciplines, including Social Sciences, and for clinical and experimental studies on humans and animals, requiring Ethical Committee Decision, according to the TR Index Journal Evaluation Criteria, and this approval should be stated and documented in the paper.
  • JER includes academic studies in Turkish and English languages.
  • Ethics Committee Approval

Due to the publication activities it carries out, our journal does not charge any fees for its works and transactions such as article submission/process management/publication.

Editor

Prof. Dr. İbrahim ÖRNEK Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi
Foreign Trade Policy

Co-Editors

Assoc. Prof. Sena TÜRKMEN NİĞDE ÖMER HALİSDEMİR ÜNİVERSİTESİ
Applied Macroeconometrics, Macroeconomics
Res. Assist. Dr. Tuğrul AVCI KAHRAMANMARAŞ SÜTÇÜ İMAM ÜNİVERSİTESİ
Development Economics - Macro, International Finance, Financial Economy, Developmental Economy - Micro

Associate Editors

Prof. Dr. Harun BAL ÇUKUROVA ÜNİVERSİTESİ, İKTİSADİ VE İDARİ BİLİMLER FAKÜLTESİ, İKTİSAT BÖLÜMÜ, İKTİSAT PR.

ÇUKUROVA ÜNİVERSİTESİ

Macroeconomics, Growth, Development Economics - Macro, International Finance, Development Economics, Natural Resources Economy, Financial Economy, Institutional Economics, Industrial Economy
Prof. Dr. Haşim AKÇA ÇUKUROVA ÜNİVERSİTESİ
Islamic Economy, Policy of Treasury, Economic Thought, Microeconomics, Fiscal Sociology, Health Sciences, History of Ottoman Economy, Islamic Finance, Finance Studies
Prof. Dr. Hüseyin AĞIR Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi İİBF İktisat Bölümü
Applied Macroeconometrics, Time-Series Analysis
Prof. Dr. Aliye ÇİLAN AKIN BOLU ABANT İZZET BAYSAL ÜNİVERSİTESİ
Tourism Economics
Prof. Dr. Seyhan TAŞ Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi
International Finance, International Economics, International Economic Foundation

Publishing Board

Prof. Dr. Benbouziane MOHAMMED Higher School of management (E.S.M) - Tlemcen- ALGERIA
Pr. BenBouziane Mohammed holds a PhD in International Business Management, specializing in International Marketing from the University of Tlemcen in 2015. He has been a professor of higher education since jully 2022. He has been a researcher/professor at the Higher School of Management of Tlemcen since 2010. His research areas of interest include: sustainable tourism, marketing and Management, consumer behavior, entrepreneurship and small and medium enterprises, sustainable development (circular economy, environmental economics, etc.), event management, Management and artificial intelligence.
Hospitality Management, Sustainable Tourism, Tourism Marketing, Tourism Management
Prof. Dr. Harun BAL ÇUKUROVA ÜNİVERSİTESİ, İKTİSADİ VE İDARİ BİLİMLER FAKÜLTESİ, İKTİSAT BÖLÜMÜ, İKTİSAT PR.

ÇUKUROVA ÜNİVERSİTESİ

Macroeconomics, Growth, Development Economics - Macro, International Finance, Development Economics, Natural Resources Economy, Financial Economy, Institutional Economics, Industrial Economy
Prof. Dr. Hüseyin AĞIR Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi İİBF İktisat Bölümü
Applied Macroeconometrics, Time-Series Analysis
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Seyil NAJİMUDİNOVA KYRGYZ - TURKISH MANAS UNIVERSITY Web
Human Resources Management, Corporate Social Responsibility, Entrepreneurship, Organisation and Management Theory

Advisory Committee

Prof. Dr. Benbouziane MOHAMMED Higher School of management (E.S.M) - Tlemcen- ALGERIA
Pr. BenBouziane Mohammed holds a PhD in International Business Management, specializing in International Marketing from the University of Tlemcen in 2015. He has been a professor of higher education since jully 2022. He has been a researcher/professor at the Higher School of Management of Tlemcen since 2010. His research areas of interest include: sustainable tourism, marketing and Management, consumer behavior, entrepreneurship and small and medium enterprises, sustainable development (circular economy, environmental economics, etc.), event management, Management and artificial intelligence.
Hospitality Management, Sustainable Tourism, Tourism Marketing, Tourism Management
Prof. Dr. Halit YANIKKAYA GEBZE TEKNİK ÜNİVERSİTESİ Web
Growth, Development Economics - Macro
Asst. Prof. Dr. Nazım CAFEROV (CAFERSOY) It is not affiliated with an institution
Political Science
Prof. Dr. Harun BAL ÇUKUROVA ÜNİVERSİTESİ, İKTİSADİ VE İDARİ BİLİMLER FAKÜLTESİ, İKTİSAT BÖLÜMÜ, İKTİSAT PR.

ÇUKUROVA ÜNİVERSİTESİ

Macroeconomics, Growth, Development Economics - Macro, International Finance, Development Economics, Natural Resources Economy, Financial Economy, Institutional Economics, Industrial Economy
Prof. Dr. Haşim AKÇA ÇUKUROVA ÜNİVERSİTESİ
Islamic Economy, Policy of Treasury, Economic Thought, Microeconomics, Fiscal Sociology, Health Sciences, History of Ottoman Economy, Islamic Finance, Finance Studies
Prof. Dr. Hüseyin AĞIR Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi İİBF İktisat Bölümü
Applied Macroeconometrics, Time-Series Analysis
Prof. Dr. İbrahim ÖRNEK Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi
Foreign Trade Policy
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Seyil NAJİMUDİNOVA KYRGYZ - TURKISH MANAS UNIVERSITY Web
Human Resources Management, Corporate Social Responsibility, Entrepreneurship, Organisation and Management Theory
Prof. Dr. Reşat CEYLAN PAMUKKALE ÜNİVERSİTESİ
Growth, Development Economics - Macro, Cyclical Fluctuations
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Osman AĞIR İNÖNÜ ÜNİVERSİTESİ
International Politics, Regional Studies, Studies of the Turkic World
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ferid ÖNDER KAHRAMANMARAŞ SÜTÇÜ İMAM ÜNİVERSİTESİ, GÖKSUN UYGULAMALI BİLİMLER YÜKSEKOKULU Web
Macroeconomics, Development Economics - Macro, Capital Market
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Enver GÜNAY Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam üniversitesi
Economic Thought
Prof. Dr. Ebru DEMİRCİ İSTANBUL ÜNİVERSİTESİ, ULAŞTIRMA VE LOJİSTİK YÜKSEKOKULU, ULAŞTIRMA VE LOJİSTİK YÖNETİMİ ANABİLİM DALI

Ebru Demirci graduated from the Department of Business Administration (English) at the Faculty of Business Administration, Istanbul University, in 2002. She received her master’s degree in Finance from the Institute of Social Sciences at the same university in 2004 and completed her Ph.D. in 2010 with a dissertation titled “Energy Futures and an Application on the Turkish Electricity Market.” She began her academic career in 2002 as a research assistant at the Faculty of Transport and Logistics, Istanbul University, where she was appointed Assistant Professor in 2014, Associate Professor in 2018, and Professor in 2023. Between 2017 and 2023, she also served as Vice Dean of the same faculty. Her research interests include financial economics, logistics management, financial markets, and investment management. She has particularly focused on sustainable and green logistics, transport economics, financial management, and investment analysis, teaching a wide range of courses and supervising theses in these fields. Prof. Dr. Demirci’s research concentrates on financial markets, the impact of the logistics sector on economic growth, sustainability, energy markets, and transportation systems. Her studies have been published in journals indexed in SCI, SSCI, and AHCI, and she has presented numerous papers at national and international conferences. In addition to her research, she has actively contributed to academic publishing, serving as editor of the Journal of Transportation and Logistics between 2016 and 2022. Her academic work has been supported by various institutions and organizations, where she has taken part as both project leader and researcher. Prof. Dr. Ebru Demirci is currently a faculty member at Istanbul University, Faculty of Transport and Logistics, Department of Transport and Logistics.

Logistics
Prof. Dr. Gökhan TUNCEL İnönü Üniversitesi
Constitutional and Political Theories, Turkish Political Life, Migration Sociology
Prof. Dr. Ainur NOGAYEVA Erzincan Binali Yıldırım Üniversitesi

Ankara Üniversitesi Uluslararası İlişkiler Anabilim Dalı'nda Doktora ünvanını almış, Orta Asya ve büyük güçlerin bölgesel politikalarıyla ilgili çalışmalar yapan Ainur Nogayeva’nın; Kazakça, Rusça, İngilizce ve Türkçe olmak üzere çok sayıda kitap ve kitap bölümünün yanı sıra çeşitli bilimsel dergi ve konferans kitaplarında yayımlanmış makaleleri bulunmaktadır. Eğitimi ve araştırmaları süresince Sasakawa Genç Liderler Burs Fonu, Nippon (JatCAFA) Foundation ve TÜBİTAK Bilim İnsanı Destekleme Başkanlığı (BIDEP) burs ve proje destek programlarında yer almış ve Uluslararası indeksli dergilerde hakemlik ve çeşitli konferanslarda Kurul Üyeliği bulunmaktadır.
2010 -2024 yıllar arasında Kazakistan'ın başkenti Astana'da bulunan Avrasya Millî Üniversitesinde Uluslararası İlişkiler Fakültesinde Dekan Yrd. ve Öğretim Üyesi üstlenmiş olup, günümüzde Erzincan Binali Yıldırım Üniversitesi’nde Siyaset Bilimi ve Kamu Yönetimi Bölümünde Öğretim Üyesidir. 

Public Administration
Prof. Dr. Şaban NAZLIOĞLU PAMUKKALE ÜNİVERSİTESİ Web

Şaban Nazlıoğlu lisans, yüksek lisans ve doktora eğitimini Erciyes Üniversitesi’nde tamamlamıştır. Makro İktisat alanlarında çalışan Nazlıoğlu akademik görevine Pamukkale Üniversitesi’nde devam etmektedir

Econometrics, Panel Data Analysis, Time-Series Analysis
Prof. Dr. Seyhan TAŞ Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi
International Finance, International Economics, International Economic Foundation

Professor Abderrezzak BEN HABIB,  Bsc Economics ( econometrics) Algiers, M.Phil England, PhD state France is professor in Economics and Management since 1982. His fields of interest are: Managerial Economics, Economic globalization, Marketing, consumer behaviour, Strategy, Management Science, banking, Poverty, Entrepreneurship studies, Service Marketing. He Supervised more than 150 master‘s theses ( mostly Magisters) and more than 120 doctoral theses; He published more than 180 papers in diverse national and international journals. He has been credited with a Scorpus Award in 2022. 

Monetary-Banking

Dr. Elwasila S.E. Mohamed is Associate Professor of Economics at the University of Khartoum. He holds M. Phil from University of Cambridge, UK and PhD from the University of Khartoum. His areas of teaching and research include sustainable economic growth and development, natural resource and environmental economics & policy, economics of human development and health economics. 

Natural Resources Economy, Sustainable Development
Prof. Dr. Igor RYZHOV Lobachevsky State university of Nizhny Novgorod
Economic Theory (Other)
Prof. Dr. Mohammad SAFARZADEH USC Marshall School of Business
Finance
Prof. Dr. Volkan YURDADOĞ Çukurova Üniversitesi İİBF Maliye Bölümü
Employment, Informal Economy, Policy of Treasury, Behavioural Economy, Public Economy, Health Economy, Social Security, Finance Studies, Public Finance, Financial Law