Research Article
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Thermal analysis of phase change materials storage in solar concenter

Year 2023, Volume: 7 Issue: 3, 302 - 314, 30.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.30521/jes.1082104

Abstract

Thermal analysis of high-temperature phase change materials (PCM) is conducted with the consideration of a 20% void and buoyancy-driven convection in a stainless-steel capsule. The effects of the thermal expansion and the volume expansion due to phase change on the energy storage and retrieval process are explored. The used water to fill the void between two different wax paraffin and stearic acid spheres is considered as a potential PCM for concentrated solar power. The charging/discharging process into and from the capsule wall is simulated under different boundary conditions for laminar and turbulent flows. Computational models are conducted by applying an enthalpy-porosity method and volume of fluid method to calculate the transport phenomena within the PCM capsule, including an internal air void. A simplified two-dimensional model of the PCM contained within the spheres is constructed and thermal analyses are performed for the transition from solid to liquid states. Simulated charging process modes are compared with the theory. According to experiments, the temperature distributions from 40-60 mm without and with 60 mm with copper fin have different behavior. The paraffin takes less time than stearic acid for total transformation at a rate of 0.5. The size of the sphere increases over the amount of time and the phase of the sphere to complete changes as stearic acid expands more than paraffin during the transition. Inserting a rectangular fin, that is made from copper into the ball reduces the cycle time and increases output.

Supporting Institution

Sultan Qaboos University

Project Number

IG/DVC/WRC/22/02

Thanks

The study is funded by Oman National Grant #RC/RG-DVC/WRC/21/02 and Sultan Qaboos University Grant #IG/DVC/WRC/22/02.

References

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  • [3] Lentswe, K, Mawire, A, Owusu, P, Shobo, A. A review of parabolic solar cookers with thermal energy storage. Heliyon 2021. 7(10): e08226. DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08226.
  • [4] Cruickshank, CA, Baldwin, C. Sensible Thermal Energy Storage: Diurnal and Seasonal. Storing Energy 2016; With Special Reference to Renewable Energy Sources: 291–311. doi 10.1016/B978-0-12-803440-8.00015-4.
  • [5] Tendulkar, R, Doupis, D, Clark, M, Joshi, A, Wang, C. Transient Simulation of High-Temperature High-Pressure Solar Tower Receiver. Energy Procedia 2015; 69: 1451–60. doi 10.1016/j.egypro.2015.03.093.
  • [6] Olsthoorn, D, Haghighat, F, Moreau, A, Joybari, MM, Robichaud, M. Integration of electrically activated concrete slab for peak shifting in a light-weight residential building—Determining key parameters. Journal of Energy Storage 2019; 23: 329–43. DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2019.03.023.
  • [7] Nallusamy, N, Sampath, S, Velraj, R. Study on the performance of a packed bed latent heat thermal energy storage unit integrated with solar water heating system. Journal of Zhejiang University: Science 2006; 7(8): 1422–30. DOI: 10.1631/jzus.2006.A1422.
  • [8] Merchán, RP, Santos, MJ, Medina, A, Calvo Hernández, A. High temperature central tower plants for concentrated solar power: 2021 overview. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2022; 155: 111828. DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2021.111828.
  • [9] Onokwai, AO, Okonkwo, UC, Osueke, CO, Okafor, CE, Olayanju, TMA, Dahunsi, SO. Design, modelling, energy and exergy analysis of a parabolic cooker. Renewable Energy 2019; 142: 497–510. DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2019.04.028.
  • [10] Beemkumar, N, Karthikeyan, A. Experimental Investigation on Enhancement of Heat Transfer in Thermal Energy Storage System Using Paraffin Wax as PCM. Applied Mechanics and Materials 2015; 766–767: 457–462. DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.766-767.457.
  • [11] Koukou, M, Michail, V, Pagkalos, C, Konstantaras, J. In:EinB 2018 7. International conference Energy in Buildings. Study of Heat Transfer in a Latent Heat Storage System using Salt Hydrates for Domestic Heating Applications; 3 November 2018, researchgate.net/publication/336642720 ,pp. 125-134.
  • [12] Nkhonjera, L, Bello-Ochende, T, John, G, King’ondu, CK. A review of thermal energy storage designs, heat storage materials and cooking performance of solar cookers with heat storage. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2017; 75: 157–67. DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2016.10.059.
  • [13] Kenisarin, MM. Thermophysical properties of some organic phase change materials for latent heat storage. A review. Solar Energy 2014; 107: 553–75. DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2014.05.001.
  • [14] Amin, NAM, Bruno, F, Belusko, M. Effective thermal conductivity for melting in PCM encapsulated in a sphere. Applied Energy 2014, 122: 280–7. DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.01.073.
  • [15] Li, W, Li, SG, Guan, S, Wang, Y, Zhang, X, Liu, X. Numerical study on melt fraction during melting of phase change material inside a sphere. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2017; 42(29): 18232–9. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.04.136.
  • [16] Zhang, P, Xiao, X, Ma, ZW. A review of the composite phase change materials: Fabrication, characterization, mathematical modeling and application to performance enhancement. Applied Energy 2016; 165: 472–510. DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.12.043.
  • [17] Nemś, A, Puertas, AM. Model for the discharging of a dual pcm heat storage tank and its experimental validation. Energies 2020. 13(21). DOI: 10.3390/en13215687.
  • [18] Ozcan, A, Arman Kandirmaz, E. Poly[(Vinyl Alcohol) - (Stearic Acid)] Synthesis and Use in Lavender Oil Capsulation. In: 9th International Symposium on Graphic Engineering and DesignAt: Novi Sad - Serbia; 8-10 November 2018: The University of Novi Sad 189–96. DOI: 10.24867/grid-2018-p23.
  • [19] Olivkar, PR, Katekar, VP, Deshmukh, SS, Palatkar, SV. Effect of sensible heat storage materials on the thermal performance of solar air heaters: State-of-the-art review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2022; 157: 112085. DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2022.112085.
  • [20] Chaatouf, D, Salhi, M, Raillani, B, Amraqui, S, Mezrhab, A, Naji, H. Parametric analysis of a sensible heat storage unit in an indirect solar dryer using computational fluid dynamics. Journal of Energy Storage 2022; 49: 104075. DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2022.104075.
  • [21] Zvenigorodsky, S, Chudnovsky, A, Skop, H. Humidification of industrial process flows by means of waste heat recovery. In: Proceedings of the Thermal and Fluids Engineering Summer Conference; 9-12 Augus 2015: ASTFE, 1511–7. DOI: 10.1615/tfesc1.iam.012957.
  • [22] Zhang, C, Li, J, Chen, Y. Improving the energy discharging performance of a latent heat storage (LHS) unit using fractal-tree-shaped fins. Applied Energy 2020, 259: 114102. DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.114102.
  • [23] Al-rawaf, MA, Jalil, JM. Numerical investigation of thermal performance and phase change of wax paraffin layer surrounding water tank. In: Proceeding of 15th Scientific Conference; 23-24 April 2016 ,researchgate.net/publication/316665948, pp. 19-33.
  • [24] Barz, T, Sommer, A. Modeling hysteresis in the phase transition of industrial-grade solid/liquid PCM for thermal energy storages. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 2018; 127: 701–13. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2018.08.032.
Year 2023, Volume: 7 Issue: 3, 302 - 314, 30.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.30521/jes.1082104

Abstract

Project Number

IG/DVC/WRC/22/02

References

  • [1] Kalbande, VP, Fating, G, Mohan, M, Rambhad, K, Sinha, AK. Experimental and theoretical study for suitability of hybrid nano-enhanced phase change material for thermal energy storage applications. Journal of Energy Storage 2022; 51: 104431. DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2022.104431.
  • [2] Sharma, A, Chen, CR, Murty, VVS, Shukla, A. A review of thermal energy storage designs, heat storage materials, and cooking performance of solar cookers with heat storage. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2009; 13(6–7): 1599–605. DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2008.09.020.
  • [3] Lentswe, K, Mawire, A, Owusu, P, Shobo, A. A review of parabolic solar cookers with thermal energy storage. Heliyon 2021. 7(10): e08226. DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08226.
  • [4] Cruickshank, CA, Baldwin, C. Sensible Thermal Energy Storage: Diurnal and Seasonal. Storing Energy 2016; With Special Reference to Renewable Energy Sources: 291–311. doi 10.1016/B978-0-12-803440-8.00015-4.
  • [5] Tendulkar, R, Doupis, D, Clark, M, Joshi, A, Wang, C. Transient Simulation of High-Temperature High-Pressure Solar Tower Receiver. Energy Procedia 2015; 69: 1451–60. doi 10.1016/j.egypro.2015.03.093.
  • [6] Olsthoorn, D, Haghighat, F, Moreau, A, Joybari, MM, Robichaud, M. Integration of electrically activated concrete slab for peak shifting in a light-weight residential building—Determining key parameters. Journal of Energy Storage 2019; 23: 329–43. DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2019.03.023.
  • [7] Nallusamy, N, Sampath, S, Velraj, R. Study on the performance of a packed bed latent heat thermal energy storage unit integrated with solar water heating system. Journal of Zhejiang University: Science 2006; 7(8): 1422–30. DOI: 10.1631/jzus.2006.A1422.
  • [8] Merchán, RP, Santos, MJ, Medina, A, Calvo Hernández, A. High temperature central tower plants for concentrated solar power: 2021 overview. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2022; 155: 111828. DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2021.111828.
  • [9] Onokwai, AO, Okonkwo, UC, Osueke, CO, Okafor, CE, Olayanju, TMA, Dahunsi, SO. Design, modelling, energy and exergy analysis of a parabolic cooker. Renewable Energy 2019; 142: 497–510. DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2019.04.028.
  • [10] Beemkumar, N, Karthikeyan, A. Experimental Investigation on Enhancement of Heat Transfer in Thermal Energy Storage System Using Paraffin Wax as PCM. Applied Mechanics and Materials 2015; 766–767: 457–462. DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.766-767.457.
  • [11] Koukou, M, Michail, V, Pagkalos, C, Konstantaras, J. In:EinB 2018 7. International conference Energy in Buildings. Study of Heat Transfer in a Latent Heat Storage System using Salt Hydrates for Domestic Heating Applications; 3 November 2018, researchgate.net/publication/336642720 ,pp. 125-134.
  • [12] Nkhonjera, L, Bello-Ochende, T, John, G, King’ondu, CK. A review of thermal energy storage designs, heat storage materials and cooking performance of solar cookers with heat storage. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2017; 75: 157–67. DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2016.10.059.
  • [13] Kenisarin, MM. Thermophysical properties of some organic phase change materials for latent heat storage. A review. Solar Energy 2014; 107: 553–75. DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2014.05.001.
  • [14] Amin, NAM, Bruno, F, Belusko, M. Effective thermal conductivity for melting in PCM encapsulated in a sphere. Applied Energy 2014, 122: 280–7. DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.01.073.
  • [15] Li, W, Li, SG, Guan, S, Wang, Y, Zhang, X, Liu, X. Numerical study on melt fraction during melting of phase change material inside a sphere. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2017; 42(29): 18232–9. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.04.136.
  • [16] Zhang, P, Xiao, X, Ma, ZW. A review of the composite phase change materials: Fabrication, characterization, mathematical modeling and application to performance enhancement. Applied Energy 2016; 165: 472–510. DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.12.043.
  • [17] Nemś, A, Puertas, AM. Model for the discharging of a dual pcm heat storage tank and its experimental validation. Energies 2020. 13(21). DOI: 10.3390/en13215687.
  • [18] Ozcan, A, Arman Kandirmaz, E. Poly[(Vinyl Alcohol) - (Stearic Acid)] Synthesis and Use in Lavender Oil Capsulation. In: 9th International Symposium on Graphic Engineering and DesignAt: Novi Sad - Serbia; 8-10 November 2018: The University of Novi Sad 189–96. DOI: 10.24867/grid-2018-p23.
  • [19] Olivkar, PR, Katekar, VP, Deshmukh, SS, Palatkar, SV. Effect of sensible heat storage materials on the thermal performance of solar air heaters: State-of-the-art review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2022; 157: 112085. DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2022.112085.
  • [20] Chaatouf, D, Salhi, M, Raillani, B, Amraqui, S, Mezrhab, A, Naji, H. Parametric analysis of a sensible heat storage unit in an indirect solar dryer using computational fluid dynamics. Journal of Energy Storage 2022; 49: 104075. DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2022.104075.
  • [21] Zvenigorodsky, S, Chudnovsky, A, Skop, H. Humidification of industrial process flows by means of waste heat recovery. In: Proceedings of the Thermal and Fluids Engineering Summer Conference; 9-12 Augus 2015: ASTFE, 1511–7. DOI: 10.1615/tfesc1.iam.012957.
  • [22] Zhang, C, Li, J, Chen, Y. Improving the energy discharging performance of a latent heat storage (LHS) unit using fractal-tree-shaped fins. Applied Energy 2020, 259: 114102. DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.114102.
  • [23] Al-rawaf, MA, Jalil, JM. Numerical investigation of thermal performance and phase change of wax paraffin layer surrounding water tank. In: Proceeding of 15th Scientific Conference; 23-24 April 2016 ,researchgate.net/publication/316665948, pp. 19-33.
  • [24] Barz, T, Sommer, A. Modeling hysteresis in the phase transition of industrial-grade solid/liquid PCM for thermal energy storages. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 2018; 127: 701–13. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2018.08.032.
There are 24 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Energy, Solar Energy Systems, Mechanical Engineering
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Sulaiman Al Hashmi 0000-0003-0910-8440

Mingjie Chen 0000-0002-9955-637X

Project Number IG/DVC/WRC/22/02
Early Pub Date October 2, 2023
Publication Date September 30, 2023
Acceptance Date July 18, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 7 Issue: 3

Cite

Vancouver Al Hashmi S, Chen M. Thermal analysis of phase change materials storage in solar concenter. Journal of Energy Systems. 2023;7(3):302-14.

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Electrical and Computer Engineering Research Group (ECERG)  8753


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