THE DETERMINATION OF PHARMACEUTICALS AT THE BIOLOGICAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT OF ERZURUM CITY AND THE INVESTIGATION OF THEIR TREATABILITY BY PHOTO-OXIDATION

Abstract

In this study, a comprehensive analysis of residual pharmaceuticals was performed in the treated wastewater sample taken from the discharge point in Erzurum BAAT with LC-MS/MS, which are one of the most important environmental micropollutants (EMPs) that cannot be treated by conventional treatment methods and therefore are transferred into environmental components, especially in surface waters. According to the results obtained; 55 active pharmaceutical substances belonging to the Alzheimer, Analgesic, Analgesic-Antipyretic, Anesthetic, Hemorheological, Antibacterial, Antidepressant, Antiepileptic, Antihypertensive, Antihistamine, Anticholinergic and Spasmalotic, Antipsychotic, Influenza drug, Antihistamine, Stomach drug, Neuropathic pain treatment and Sleep disorder groups were detected in Erzurum BAAT. The highest 5 drug active substances detected in Erzurum WWTP effluent samples were Flurbiprofen from Analgesic group, Pentobarbital from Anesthetic group, Gabapentin for neuropathic pain treatment, Etodolac from Analgesic group and finally Phenobarbital from Antiepileptic group and their concentrations in treated wastewater samples were analyzed as 1375,48 µg/L, 93,82 µg/L, 41,11 µg/L, 19,03 µg/L and 15,39 µg/L, respectively. Then, these samples were subjected to direct photooxidation with UV-A lamp at 366 nm wavelength, UV-B lamp at 312 nm wavelength and UV-C lamp at 254 nm wavelength for one hour. Among UV-A, UV-B and UV-C light sources, the highest oxidation efficiency was obtained with UV-C irradiation and at the end of 30 min. photooxidation, the remaining concentrations of these active pharmaceutical compounds were analyzed as 374,13 µg/L, 84,92 µg/L, 3,71 µg/L, 0 µg/L and 5,23 µg/L, respectively. Ecotoxicological risk assessment of the receiving environment was also performed based on the remaining pharmaceutical concentrations. Ecotoxicological risk assessment of flurbiprofen as a result of photo-oxidation was determined as High Risk (HR) still.

Keywords

• Environmental Micropollutants
• Pharmaceuticals
• Photo-Oxidation
• Waste Water Treatment Plant

ERZURUM BİYOLOJİK ATIKSU ARITMA TESİSİ (BAAT) İLAÇ KALINTILARININ TESBİTİ VE FOTO-OKSİDASYONLA ARITILABİLİRLİĞİNİN İNCELENMESİ

Abstract

Bu çalışmada atıksu arıtma tesislerinde geleneksel yöntemlerle arıtılamayan ve bu nedenle başta yüzey suları olmak üzere çeşitli çevresel bileşenlerde son yıllarda gittikçe artan konsantrasyonlarda rastlanan en önemli çevresel mikrokirleticilerden (ÇMK) biri olan ilaç kalıntılarının tesbiti için, Erzurum BAAT çıkış suyunda deşarj öncesi noktadan alınan arıtılmış atıksu numunesinde LC-MS/MS cihazı ile geniş bir kalıntı ilaç bileşikleri analizi yapılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre; Erzurum BAAT’nde Alzheimer, Analjezik, Analjezik-Antipiretik, Anestezik, Hemoreolojik, Antibakteriyal, Antidepresan, Antiepileptik, Antihipertansif, Antihistaminik, Antikolinerjik ve Spazmalotik, Antipsikotik, Grip ilacı, Antihistaminik, Mide ilacı, Nöropatik ağrı tedavisi ve Uyku bozukluğu gruplarına ait olmak üzere 55 ilaç etken madde tespit edilmiştir. Erzurum BAAT çıkış atıksu numunelerinde tespit edilen en yüksek 5 ilaç etken madde sırasıyla; Analjezik gruptan Flurbiprofen, Anestezik gruptan Pentobarbital, Nöropatik ağrı tedavisi için Gabapentin, Aneljezik gruptan Etodolac ve son olarak Antiepileptik gruptan Phenobarbital olup arıtılmış atıksudaki konsantrasyonları sırasıyla; 1375,48 µg/L, 93,82 µg/L, 41,11 µg/L, 19,03 µg/L ve 15,39 µg/L olarak analiz edilmiştir. Ardında bu numneler 366 nm dalga boyunda UV-A lamba, 312 nm dalga boyunda UV-B lamba ve 254 nm dalga boyunda UV-C lamba ile bir saat boyunca doğrudan foto-oksidasyona tabi tutulmuştur. UV-A, UV-B ve UV-C ışık kaynağından en yüksek oksidasyon verimi UV-C ışıma ile elde edilmiş ve 30 dakikalık foto-oksidasyon sonunda en yüksek konsantasyona sahip ilaç etken maddelerin suda kalan konsantrasyonları 374,13 µg/L, 84,92 µg/L, 3,71 µg/L, 0 µg/L ve 5,23 µg/L olarak analiz edilmiştir. Ayrıca foto-oksidasyon prosesi sonrası bu bileşiklerin alıcı su ortamında yaratacağı ekotoksisite değerleri de çalışma kapsamında hesaplanmıştır. Tüm ilaç kalıntıları içerisinde Flurbiprofen’in foto-oksidasyon sonunda ekotoksikolojik risk değerlendirmesinin yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Keywords

• Çevrsel Mikrokirleticiler
• İlaç Kalıntısı
• Foto-oksidasyon
• Atıksu Arıtma Tesisi

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