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İYİLEŞTİRİLMİŞ BİR MESAFE YAKLAŞIMI KULLANILARAK DOĞRUSAL DİPOL DİZİ ANTENLERİN SAYISAL ANALİZİ

Year 2026, Volume: 14 Issue: 1, 250 - 260, 20.03.2026
https://doi.org/10.21923/jesd.1851123
https://izlik.org/JA29WU94CL

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, doğrusal dizi anten sistemleri için uzak alan analizinde yaygın olarak kullanılan klasik yaklaşımların, özellikle uzak alan sınırına yakın mesafelerde yol açtığı doğruluk sorunları incelenmiştir. Klasik yaklaşımda, dizi elemanlarının gözlem noktasına olan uzaklıklarının yaklaşık ifadelerle temsil edilmesi, bazı açılarda elektrik alanın sıfır değerleri almasına ve ana lob ile yan lob açılarına ilişkin hatalı tahminlere neden olabilmektedir. Bu probleme çözüm olarak, mesafeye bağlı genlik terimlerinin yaklaşıklanmasında alternatif bir yaklaşım önerilmiştir. Önerilen yaklaşım, klasik yöntemle aynı kapalı formda hesaplanabilirliği korurken, genlik değişimini daha doğru biçimde temsil etmeyi amaçlamaktadır.
Önerilen yöntem, doğrusal dipol dizileri için sayısal verilere göre, ana lob ve yan lob sapmalarını azaltarak uzak alan sınırına yakın doğruluk oranını büyük ölçüde artırır. Hem geleneksel hem de önerilen yaklaşımlar, gözlem mesafesi arttıkça referans uzak alan çözümüne yakınsar; uçtan uca diziler için benzer desenler görülür.
Bu sonuçlar, önerilen yöntemin özellikle yakın-uzak alan bölgelerinde dizi anten desenlerini daha doğru tahmin etmeye yardımcı olduğunu ve anten dizi analizi ve tasarım uygulamaları için faydalı bir teknik sağladığını göstermektedir.

References

  • Balanis, C. A., 2016. Antenna theory: Analysis and design (4th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. Kouyoumjian, R. G., & Peters, L., Jr., 1965. Range requirements in radar cross section measurements. Proceedings of the IEEE, 53(8), 920–928.
  • Kraus, J. D., 1988. Antennas (2nd ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
  • Monemi, M., Bahrami, S., Rasti, M. and Latva-aho, M., 2025. A study on characterization of near-field sub-regions for phased-array antennas. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 73(6), 3561–3574.
  • Monemi, M., Rasti, M. and Latva-aho, M., 2025. Revisiting the Fraunhofer and Fresnel boundaries for phased-array antennas. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 24(3), 512–516.
  • Schelkunoff, S. A., 1943. Electromagnetic waves. New York, NY: D. Van Nostrand Company.
  • Schelkunoff, S. A., Friis, H. T., 1952. Antennas: Theory and practice. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Stutzman, G. A., Thiele, W. L., 2012. Antenna theory and design (3rd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Ulaby, F. T., Ravaioli, U., 2007. Fundamentals of applied electromagnetics (5th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.
  • Uzer, A., 2023. Approximations to the 3-D free space scalar Green’s function in terms of the Taylor product theorem. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 22(4), 864–867.
  • Wachowiak, M., Bourdoux, A. and Pollin, S., 2025. Approximation of the range ambiguity function in near-field sensing systems. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 73, 2145–2158.
  • Wachowiak, M., Bourdoux, A. and Pollin, S., 2025. Sizing antenna arrays for near-field communication and sensing. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 43(2), 389–402.

NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF LINEAR DIPOLE ARRAY ANTENNAS USING A REFINED DISTANCE APPROXIMATION

Year 2026, Volume: 14 Issue: 1, 250 - 260, 20.03.2026
https://doi.org/10.21923/jesd.1851123
https://izlik.org/JA29WU94CL

Abstract

This study investigates the accuracy limitations of classical far-field approximation methods commonly employed in linear array antenna analysis, particularly in regions close to the far-field boundary. In the classical approach, the distances between array elements and the observation point are represented by approximate expressions, which may result in zero-valued electric fields at certain angles and lead to inaccurate predictions of main-lobe and side-lobe directions. To address this issue, an alternative approach for approximating the distance-dependent amplitude terms is proposed. The proposed method retains the closed-form calculability of the classical technique while more accurately representing amplitude variations.
The suggested method greatly increases accuracy close to the far-field border by lowering main-lobe and side-lobe deviations, according to numerical data for linear dipole arrays. Both the traditional and suggested approaches converge to the reference far-field solution as the observation distance grows; comparable patterns are seen for endfire arrays.
These results show that the suggested method helps anticipate array antenna patterns more accurately, especially in near-far-field zones, providing a useful technique for antenna array analysis and design applications.

References

  • Balanis, C. A., 2016. Antenna theory: Analysis and design (4th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. Kouyoumjian, R. G., & Peters, L., Jr., 1965. Range requirements in radar cross section measurements. Proceedings of the IEEE, 53(8), 920–928.
  • Kraus, J. D., 1988. Antennas (2nd ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
  • Monemi, M., Bahrami, S., Rasti, M. and Latva-aho, M., 2025. A study on characterization of near-field sub-regions for phased-array antennas. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 73(6), 3561–3574.
  • Monemi, M., Rasti, M. and Latva-aho, M., 2025. Revisiting the Fraunhofer and Fresnel boundaries for phased-array antennas. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 24(3), 512–516.
  • Schelkunoff, S. A., 1943. Electromagnetic waves. New York, NY: D. Van Nostrand Company.
  • Schelkunoff, S. A., Friis, H. T., 1952. Antennas: Theory and practice. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Stutzman, G. A., Thiele, W. L., 2012. Antenna theory and design (3rd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Ulaby, F. T., Ravaioli, U., 2007. Fundamentals of applied electromagnetics (5th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.
  • Uzer, A., 2023. Approximations to the 3-D free space scalar Green’s function in terms of the Taylor product theorem. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 22(4), 864–867.
  • Wachowiak, M., Bourdoux, A. and Pollin, S., 2025. Approximation of the range ambiguity function in near-field sensing systems. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 73, 2145–2158.
  • Wachowiak, M., Bourdoux, A. and Pollin, S., 2025. Sizing antenna arrays for near-field communication and sensing. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 43(2), 389–402.
There are 11 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Engineering Electromagnetics, Electrical Engineering (Other)
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Ömer Işık 0000-0002-0726-9446

Submission Date December 29, 2025
Acceptance Date January 12, 2026
Publication Date March 20, 2026
DOI https://doi.org/10.21923/jesd.1851123
IZ https://izlik.org/JA29WU94CL
Published in Issue Year 2026 Volume: 14 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Işık, Ö. (2026). NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF LINEAR DIPOLE ARRAY ANTENNAS USING A REFINED DISTANCE APPROXIMATION. Mühendislik Bilimleri Ve Tasarım Dergisi, 14(1), 250-260. https://doi.org/10.21923/jesd.1851123